10 chokwadi chinonakidza nezve dinosaurs - hofori dzakatsakatika dzakagara pasi redu

Dinosaurs zvipuka zvakatsakatika zvaivepo paNyika makore anoda kusvika miriyoni makumi matanhatu nemashanu apfuura. Izwi iri rakatanga kuziviswa muna 65. Akataurwa neimwe nyanzvi yezvipenyu yokuEngland inonzi Richard. Aya ndiwo matsananguriro aakaita mafossil ekutanga, ayo aishamisa muhukuru hwawo hukuru.

Iri izwi rinoturikirwa kubva muchiGiriki kuti “zvakaipa uye zvinotyisa“. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti musayendisiti akapa izwi rakadaro kuratidza ukuru uye ukuru hwezvikara izvi zvinoshamisa.

Mabhonzo makuru akawanikwa kubva kare. Zvisaririra zvekutanga zvakawanikwa muna 1796 muEngland. Asi kunyange iye zvino, vanhu vari kuramba vachiitisa zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana uye vachiwana uchapupu hwakawanda hwokuti zvisikwa zvinoshamisa zvakadaro zvakararama panyika yedu makore akawanda akapfuura.

Muchikamu chino, tichatarisa gumi zvinonakidza chokwadi nezve dinosaurs.

10 Iyo yakakura ndeye seismosaurus

Seismosaurus inonzi dinosaur hombe yaigara paNyika.. Munguva yekutsvaga, mbabvu dzake dzakawanikwa, pamwe chete nefemur uye akawanda vertebrae. Rondedzero yacho yakatanga kuumbwa muna 1991.

A partial dinosaur skeleton yakawanikwa muNew Mexico. Pakutanga, imwe yesainzi yakafungidzira kureba kwayo pamamita makumi mashanu uye uremu hwayo hunosvika matani zana negumi. Asi kana tikafunga nezvekuvandudzwa kwemazuva ano, zvino inongova mamita makumi matatu nematatu.

Makumbo emberi aive mapfupi zvishoma pane ekumashure. Vakamubatsira kubata muviri wake mukuru. Muswe waive nechimiro chaive chisina kujairika, aikwanisa kuudzora. Mutsipa wakareba, maererano nefungidziro, wakashanda kuve nechokwadi chekuti dinosaur yaigona kupinda mumasango uye kuwana mashizha ayo. Sezvo, nokuda kwekukura kwayo kukuru, zvakanga zvisingabviri kuenda ikoko.

Seisamozar aigara mumawere kana machakwi. Vaduku vakaedza kugara mumapoka maduku, asi vakuru vaigona kuva voga. Asi kunyange iye zvino, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoramba zvichiripo.

9. Iyo inorema ndeye titanosaurus

Dinosaur inorema kwazvo parizvino inozivikanwa setitanosaur. Ichi ndicho chimwe chemhuka dzinodya herbivorous dzaigara muAsia, Africa, pamwe neEurope uye kunyange South America.

Yakasvika kureba ingangoita 40 m. Vakadzidza nezvake muna 1871, pavakawana femur yake huru. Masayendisiti kwenguva yakareba haana kukwanisa kunzwisisa kuti idzvinyu rudzii rarinoreva. Asi zvishoma gare gare, mamwe mashoma vertebrae akawanikwa, nerubatsiro rwavakakwanisa kusvika pakugumisa kuti mhando itsva yebhayoroji ye dinosaur yakanga yawanikwa.

Muna 1877 mumwe wevasayendisiti akasarudza kudana rudzi urwu rwe dinosaur - titanosaurus. Chakanga chiri chikara chokutanga kuwanikwa muSouthern Hemisphere yose. Kuwanikwa kwakadaro kwakangoita pakarepo kwakaunza manzwiro makuru, sezvo kunyange sayenzi yekare yakanga isingazivi nezvekuvapo kwavo.

8. Mudiki ndiye compsognathus

Compsognathus inoonekwa sediki dinosaur.. Kwenguva yokutanga, zvisaririra zvake zvakawanikwa munharaunda yeGermany, uyewo Bavaria. Yakasiyana kubva kune dzimwe nhengo dzepfungwa uye pane kukurumidza makumbo. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti aiva 68 akapinza, asi zvishoma curved mazino.

Fossils yakatanga kuwanikwa muna 1850. Mukureba, yakasvika masendimita makumi matanhatu chete, asi vamwe vanhu vakuru - 60. Kuremera kwayo kune zvishoma - inenge 140 kilograms.

Masayendisiti akaona kuti mhuka iyi yaive bipedal, asi yaive nemakumbo marefu ekumashure nemuswe. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kazhinji compsognathus yakawira mumabhuku akawanda anozivikanwa uye mafirimu.

7. Hama yepedyo ingwena

Havasi vanhu vazhinji vanoziva kuti hama yepedyo yemadinosaurs ingwena.. Ivowo ndeveboka rezvinokambaira. Vakatanga kuonekwa munguva yeCretaceous. Parizvino, marudzi anenge gumi neshanu emakarwe anozivikanwa. Vane muviri wakakura wakaita sedzvinyu, pamwe nemuromo wakatsetseka. Vashambiri vakanaka uye vanogona kufamba nekukurumidza panyika.

Unogona kusangana munzvimbo dzinopisa dzepasi. Iye zvino dzava kuzivikanwawo nekurwisa vanhu uye dzinonzi dzine ngozi kuvanhu.

6. PaPasi paiva nemhando dzinopfuura 1 dzemadinosaur.

Masayendisiti akawana kuti anopfuura 1 mhando dzemadinosaur aimbovepo paNyika. Vakanga vakakamurwa zvakajeka kuva 2 mirairo - ornithischians uye madzvinyu. Vaisiyanawo pakukura kwavo, kureba uye kurema.

Zvinonzi vanhu vekutanga vaigara pamwe chete nemadinosaur. Sezvo kune akawanda madhirowa akawanikwa panguva yekuchera matongo. Nyanzvi dzakawanawo tsoka dzemadinosaur. Vatambi vavo vakapihwa kumamuseum.

Dinosaurs aivapo makore anopfuura mamiriyoni 65 apfuura. Sei vakafa kunze, hapana anogona kutaura chokwadi. Vazhinji vanofungidzira kuti nekuda kwekudonha kwenhevedzano yeasteroids kuPasi, uye fungidziro dzakadaro dzinoonekwawo kuti shanduko yezvinomera yakaitika, izvo zvakaita kuti kutsakatika kwe, semuenzaniso, herbivorous dinosaur marudzi.

5. Shiri dzakashanduka kubva kune theropod dinosaurs

Havasi vanhu vazhinji vanoziva kuti shiri dzakabva kune theropod dinosaurs.. Kwenguva yokutanga dzidziso yakadaro yakadzidzwa nemusayendisiti Thomas muzana remakore rechi19. In musimboti, kusvikira 70s yezana remakore rapfuura, ndiyo yaiva huru.

Masayendisiti akaratidza kuti shiri yekutanga yaigara pamuganhu weJurassic neCretaceous. Ipapo ndipo apo ikoku kwakatungamirira vazhinji kupfungwa yokuti madzitateguru eshiri maduku zvikuru kupfuura zvaifungwa kare. Zvakare, masayendisiti akati wandei akawana zvakawanda zvakafanana muchimiro chemakumbo, muswe, uye mutsipa.

4. Mabhonzo eDinosaur akakanganiswa nemapfupa edragoni muChina yekare

MuChina yekare, vanhu vakakanganisa mapfupa edhinaso kumapfupa edhiragoni kwenguva yakareba.. Vanoshandiswa zvakanyanya navo mukurapa. Akashandisa mapfupa sehupfu kubvisa kukuvara uye kushaya simba mumapfupa. Vakabikawo broths kubva kwavari, sezvo vane calcium yakawanda.

3. Uropi hwe dinosaur hunofananidzwa newalnut

Parizvino, dinosaurs akawanda anozivikanwa, ayo akazivikanwa nehukuru hwavo husina kujairika, uremu uye mararamiro. Mararamiro emadhinosaurs emishonga aive akapusa. Kuvapo kwavo kune chinangwa chose pakungozvitsvagira chikafu. Asi kunyange pamufananidzo wakadaro, uropi hwakakura hunodiwa.

Uye kubata dzimwe mhuka, imwe yakatokura inodiwa. Asi zvakakodzera kucherechedza izvozvo kunyange kana dinosaur kureba kwaiva anenge mamita mapfumbamwe, uye kureba kwayo kwaiva anenge 9, ipapo uropi hwaiva nehuremu hwemagiramu 4 chete.. Kureva, ukuru hwehuropi uhwu hwaive hudiki kwazvo pane hwembwawo zvayo. Ndiyo mhedziso yakasvika masayendisiti.

2. Mazino eTyrannosaurus rex aive akareba masendimita gumi nemashanu

Tyrannosaurus Rex yaionekwa seimwe yezvikara zvine ngozi. Pakureba, yakasvika anenge mamita gumi nemaviri, uye yairema anenge matani masere. Vakaonekwa paNyika munguva yeCretaceous. Musoro unoreva kuti “mambo wevadzvinyiriri”. Zvakakosha kucherechedza izvozvo dzvinyu raive nemazino makuru aive akareba masendimita gumi nemashanu.

1. Herbivorous dinosaurs aidya inenge tani yemiti pazuva

Kwaive nemadinosaur mashoma emishonga. Vamwe vavo vairema matani 50, ndokusaka vachifanira kudya zvakanyanya. Masayendisiti akawana izvozvo mhando dzakadaro dzaifanira kudya zvinopfuura tani yemiti pazuva, uye zvimwe zvakatowanda.

Avo vaive vakakura muhukuru vaidya misoro yemiti, uye, semuenzaniso, diplodocus ainyanya kudya mafuro, achidya maferns chete uye nyore mabhiza.

Masayendisiti ave kwenguva refu achiedza kufunga kuti chikafu chinofamba sei mudumbu remadhinaini ema herbivorous dinosaurs, vakaedza kuongorora kukosha kwavo kwekudya. Somugumisiro, vakasvika kumhedziso yokuti ferns yakanga isiri pasi muhutano hwehutano, somuenzaniso, kune angiosperms.

Zvinoenderana nekufungidzira kwakashata, semuenzaniso, dinosaur ine huremu hwematani makumi matatu inoda makirogiramu zana negumi emashizha pazuva. Asi zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti carbon dioxide, iyo yaiva mumhepo, yakaitawo basa guru pano. Ndiye iye akapesvedzera kukosha kwekudya kwezvirimwa zvese.