Gwaro rekutanga aquarist

Kusarudza saizi ye aquarium

Saizi ye aquarium inotsamira pane akati wandei zvinhu. Chokutanga pane zvose, zviyero zvekamuri, pamwe chete nehove yaidiwa, inogadzirisa. Verenga zvekuti pasendimita yehove paive nerita yemvura. Iva nechokwadi chekuverenga zvichienderana nehukuru hwekupedzisira hwehove (tarisa nechitoro chemhuka kuti zvipfuwo zvako zvinokura zvakadii). Kuyera kwepasi kunofanirwa kunge kuri 1 cm x 60 cm. 

A aquarium hombe iri nyore kuchengeta pane diki. 

Nzvimbo dzekuisa

Sarudza nzvimbo ye aquarium kwausingazoifambisa. Ndokumbira utarise kuti mushure mekuzadza iyo aquarium nemvura uye yekushongedza, zvichave zvakanyanya kukuomera iwe kuti uifambise, uye kunze kwekunge uchiirongazve, unogona kutyora kutendeseka kwayo. 

Usaisa aquarium padyo nemusuwo - hove dzichagara dzichinetseka. Nzvimbo yakakodzera iri kure nehwindo, yakadzikama, nzvimbo dzine rima muimba. Kana iwe ukaisa aquarium pedyo nehwindo, ipapo chiedza chezuva chinomutsa kukura kwebhuruu-girini algae, uye kona yako yechisikigo inoshanduka kuita dhayi rinotumbuka. 

kugadzwa

Kazhinji, vagadziri ve aquarium vanopawo akakosha pedestals-zvimire. Kana iwe usiri kuisa iyo aquarium pane yakakosha kabati, saka ita shuwa kuti chigadziko chakatsiga chine yakanyatso sandara yakatwasuka pamusoro (tarisa nechiyero). 

Mushure mekuisa chigadziko, isa yakapfava 5 mm gobvu polystyrene foam pad pairi. Iyo tsvina ichaderedza mutoro pagirazi uye kudzivisa kuputika. Foam padding yakapfava haingodiwe chete kune aquariums ine yakakosha yakaoma plastiki furemu iri pazasi perimita. 

Kugadzirira aquarium

A aquarium itsva inofanira kunyatsogezwa isati yaiswa. Zvese zvishongedzo zveiyo aquarium (mabhakiti, scrapers, sponges, nezvimwewo) hazvifanirwe kusangana ne detergents nemamwe makemikari. Dzinofanirwa kushandiswa chete kune aquarium. Girazi, mukati nekunze, harifanirwe kugezwa nemakemikari akajairika emumba. Zvakanakisisa kushambidza aquarium nemvura inopisa uye rag kana sponge.

Mushure mekunge mageza aquarium, izadze nemvura uye uisiye kwemaawa 2-3 kuti uone kusimba. Kana panguva ino mvura isingaoni chero kupi zvako, saka unogona kuenderera mberi nekuisa uye kuzadza.

midziyo

An aquarium chitsuwa chidiki chechisikigo, saka, kugadzira mamiriro anodiwa ekuchengeta hove nezvirimwa, midziyo inodiwa: 

• hita, 
• Sefa, 
• compressor, 
• thermometer, 
• mwenje (mwenje).

Heater

Kune hove zhinji dze aquarium, tembiricha yakajairika ndeye 24-26 C. Naizvozvo, mvura inowanzoda kupiswa. Kana imba yako ichidziya, uye mvura iri mu aquarium isina kupisa kwakakosha inoramba iri pachiyero che 24-26 C, saka iwe unogona kuita pasina hita. Kana kupisa kwepakati kusingaite nebasa iri, saka unogona kushandisa aquarium heaters ne thermostat. 

Maheater ane regulator pachawo anochengetedza tembiricha yaunoseta. Iyo heater yakavharwa, saka inofanira kunyudzwa zvachose mumvura kuitira kuti mvura ishambidze heater uye inopisa zvakafanana (iwe unogona chete kubvisa heater kubva mumvura mushure mokubvisa kubva kune simba remagetsi). 

Kushanda kweiyo heater kunotarirwa zvichienderana nekupisa kwekamuri umo aquarium iripo. Muimba inodziya, umo mutsauko nekushisa kwemvura haupfuuri 3 C, 1 W yesimba reheater pa 1 litre yemvura inokwana. Kunyanya kusiyana kwekushisa kwemhepo nemvura, iyo inopisa inofanira kuva yakasimba zvikuru. Zviri nani kana iyo hita iine simba rakawanda kana kuchitonhora mukamuri (iyo yakazara simba rekushandisa kwekugadzira kupisa kwakafanana). 

Mune aquarium ine goldfish, hita haidiwi!

Lampu

Kuvhenekera hakungobatsiri kuratidza zvirinani hove, kunosimudzirawo photosynthesis, chirongwa chakakosha chezvirimwa. Pakuvheneka mumvura yemvura yakachena, marambi efluorescent kana light-emitting diode (LED) anonyanya kushandiswa.

Zuva rinopisa rinotora maawa gumi nemaviri-12, uye nekudaro, iyo aquarium inofanira kuvhenekerwa kwenguva iyi. Usiku, mwenje unodzimwa, zviri nyore kushandisa timer yeizvi, iyo inovhenekera mwenje nekudzima kwauri, usingakanganwe kuita izvi.

firita

Aquarium mafirita anogona kukamurwa kuita 3 makirasi makuru - ekunze, mukati uye airlifts. Iyo yekunze sefa inoiswa kunze kweiyo aquarium, kazhinji iri patsoka. Mvura inopinda mairi kuburikidza nehosi uye inodzokera ku aquarium kuburikidza navo. Mafirita ekunze anodhura kupfuura emukati, asi anoshanda zvakanyanya uye haatore nzvimbo mu aquarium. Mafirita emukati akachipa, anorarama zvakanaka nemitoro iri mu aquariums ine nhamba shoma yehove. Nekudaro, ivo vanozoda kucheneswa kakawanda kupfuura ekunze. Airlift yakanakira shrimp aquariums, mafirita aya akabatanidzwa ne compressor.

Compressor (aeration)

Hove dzinofema okisijeni yakanyungudutswa mumvura, saka kugara uchipa okisijeni kunodikanwa nerubatsiro rwe compressor. Inoiswa kunze kwe aquarium, yakabatanidzwa nehose kune sprayer, iyo inoiswa pazasi pe aquarium. Kana iyo compressor yakaiswa pasi pemvura, valve isingadzoki inofanira kuiswa muhose kudzivirira mvura kuti ipinde mu compressor kana pane kupera kwemagetsi. Iyo compressor inofanira kunge ine simba rakadaro zvekuti inogona kubaya mbiru yese yemvura nerukova rwemhepo kuburikidza neatomizer. Zvichabatsira kuisa pombi pahose kugadzirisa mafambiro emhepo.

Ground

Ivhu ndiro hwaro hwehove dzakabudirira uye kutarisirwa kwemiti. Inogadzira nzvimbo yakanaka yekugara kune mabhakitiriya anodiwa kuputsa zvinhu zvinokuvadza. Mukuwedzera, inobata zvirimwa. Kuti zvirimwa zvitore midzi zvakanaka, zvinodikanwa kuti pave nekugara kwekudya kunovaka muviri. Kuti uite izvi, unogona kushandisa ivhu rekudya (sevhu). Ivhu rekudya rinogoverwa pamusoro pese pese pasi, uye nechekare kubva kumusoro rakafukidzwa nematombo akanaka-grained (3-4 mm). 

Ibwe rematombo rinofanira kunge rakatsetseka kuitira kuti hove (semuenzaniso, catfish) dzisakuvara pairi. Zvinoshuvira kuti guruva rive rakasviba, nokuti. chichena chinokonzera kushungurudzika uye kushungurudzika muhove. Usati wadira matombo mu aquarium, zvinodikanwa kuti unyatsoisuka pasi pemvura inoyerera kuti ugeze kunze kwakawandisa zvidimbu zvinyoro zvinogona kusvibisa mvura.

Plants

Zvirimwa zvinoita mabasa akati wandei akakosha muaquarium. Zvirimwa zvinogadzira mhando yekusefa system. Kunyanya zvirimwa zvinokura nekukurumidza zvinotora ammonium nenitrate, zvichiburutsa mvura. Panguva yephotosynthesis, zvirimwa zvinotora kabhoni dhaikisaidhi uye zvinoisa mvura mumvura. Zvakare, zvinomera zvinopa iyo aquarium kuwirirana uye runyararo, inoshanda sekudzivirira kwehove diki kubva kune vane nzara vavakidzani uye, kuve pekugara, kubatsira hove kubvisa kushushikana.

Zvirimwa zvinodyarwa nenzira yekuti mhando dzinokura zvishoma dziri mberi. Freestanding shrub zvinomera zvine matanda akareba zvakakodzera chirongwa chepakati. Miti yakareba inonyanya kuiswa kumashure uye kumativi. 

Miti yeAquarium inofanira kutakurwa mumvura. Usati wadyara, cheka mazano emidzi zvishoma nezvigero zvinopinza uye bvisa mashizha ane usimbe uye akakuvadzwa. Svetesa gomba muvhu nemunwe wako uye nyatsoisa midzi, yakasaswa nematombo. Rongedza gravel zvakasimba uye dhonza chirimwa kumusoro zvishoma kutwasanudza midzi. Mushure mokunge mbeu dzakasimwa, unogona kuzadza aquarium nemvura uye kuwedzera kugadzirira kwemvura.

Kutenda kune ivhu rine hutano, zvinomera zvinokurumidza kutora midzi uye kukura zvakanaka. Mushure memavhiki 4-6, kuisa fetereza nguva dzose kunofanira kutanga. Miti inotora kudya nemashizha ayo inoda fetireza yemvura. Zvirimwa zvinotora chikafu kuburikidza nemidzi yazvo zvinogona kubatsirwa nehwendefa refetereza.

Mune aquarium ine herbivorous hove dzemarudzi makuru, zviri nani kutsiva zvirimwa zvipenyu zvinogadzira nzvimbo yekushongedza neayo ekugadzira (kudzivisa kudzidya), uye pakati pezvipenyu, ipa sarudzo kumarudzi ari kukurumidza kukura.

Mvura

Muzvisikwa, mukutenderera nguva dzose, kucheneswa uye kubereka kwemvura kunoitika. Mu aquarium, isu tinotsigira maitiro aya nemidziyo yakakosha uye zvigadzirwa zvekutarisira. Mvura ye aquarium inoshandiswa yakajairwa mvura yemupombi kubva papombi inotonhora. Hazvikurudzirwi kushandisa mvura inopisa yepombi nemvura ine ions sirivheri. Kudzivirira kukukurwa kwevhu, mvura inodirwa pandiro yakaiswa pasi.

Mvura yepombi inofanira kugadzirirwa isati yadururirwa mu aquarium!

Kugadzira mvura, maconditioner anokosha anoshandiswa (kwete kuti asanganiswe nemaconditioner ekuwacha mbatya!), Inosunga nekumisa zvinhu mumvura. Pane zvishandiso zvinokutendera kuti uise hove mairi pazuva rekutanga mushure mekuisa iyo aquarium. Kana ukashandisa yakajairwa conditioner, unofanira kumirira mazuva 3-4 pashure kugadzirira mvura, uye chete ipapo kutanga hove.

Clearance patsika 

Gadzirai nzvimbo dzekuvanda dzakakwana dzehove. Vanonyanya kuda mapako anogona kuvakwa kubva kumatombo makuru, pamwe nekushongedza snags, etc. Chete chete yakanyatsogadziriswa matanda snags akakodzera kushongedza. Huni dzaunounganidza dzichaora mu aquarium, dzichibudisa zvinhu zvinokuvadza mumvura. Matombo ane lime kana simbi deposits haana kukodzera. Zviri nani kupfekedza zvivakwa zvematombo nesilicone aquarium glue panzvimbo dzekusangana kuitira kuti zvirege kudonha nekuda kwehove dzinoshanda. 

Usapfuura nepamusoro pezvishongedzo - zvakakosha kusiya nzvimbo yakakwana yemahara kuti hove dzishambire.

Biological kuparara kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza

Kubva pane zvakasara zvekudya, tsvina yehove, zvikamu zvakafa zvemiti, nezvimwewo zvakatanga kuumbwa, maererano ne pH values, ammonium kana ammonia. Somugumisiro wekuparara kunotevera, nitrite inoumbwa kutanga, ipapo nitrate. Ammonia uye nitrite zvine njodzi kuhove, kunyanya kana uchitanga aquarium. Naizvozvo, kana uchitanga iyo aquarium, usakanganwa kudururira mu aquarium chigadzirwa chemvura chakakosha chine mabhakitiriya e nitrifying anokanganisa mapuroteni ane njodzi kune hove. 

Nitrates haina kuputsika zvakare mu aquarium uye sefa uye saka inounganidza. Pakukwirisa kwakanyanya, vanokurudzira kukura kweasingadiwe algae. Huwandu hwe nitrate hwakanyanya hunogona kudzikiswa nekuchinja kwemvura nguva dzose (15-20% vhiki nevhiki) uye nekukura zvirimwa zvinokura nekukurumidza (semuenzaniso hornwort, elodea) muaquarium. 

Hove

Paunenge uchitenga hove, munhu haafanire kutakurwa chete nechitarisiko chavo, zvinodikanwa kufunga nezvehunhu hwemafambiro avo, iyo inofungidzirwa saizi yekupedzisira uye maitiro ekutarisira. Zvakanakisisa kubatanidza hove idzo dziri muzvikamu zvakasiyana zvemvura, pamwe chete nehove dzinodya algae uye catfish. Hove zhinji dzemu aquarium dzinochengetwa patembiricha yemvura inosvika 25 C uye pane isina kwayakarerekera pH (6,5-7,5). Kuti urege kuwandisa aquarium uye kunyatsoverenga nhamba yehove, inofanira kutorwa mukufunga kuti pakukura kwekupedzisira, inenge 1 cm yehurefu hwehove yakakura inofanira kuwira pa 1 litre yemvura.

Chete mushure mekunge iyo aquarium yatove yakashongedzwa, yakasimwa nemiti; sefa, hita uye mwenje basa sezvaitarisirwa; miedzo inoratidza kunaka kwemvura - unogona kumhanya hove.

Chero kutamiswa shanduko yenzvimbo uye inogara ichinetsa, saka zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kutariswa:

• Kufambisa hakufanirwe kugara kweanopfuura maawa maviri (kana pasina yekuwedzera mhepo).
• Paunenge uchiisa hove, zviri nani kudzima mwenje, nekuti. hove dzakadzikama murima.
• Shanduko yenzvimbo yekugara inofanirwa kuitika zvishoma nezvishoma, saka, kana uchidyarwa, hazvikurudzirwe kudururira hove ipapo mu aquarium, asi zviri nani kudzikisa bhegi rakavhurika mumvura kuti riyerere, uye zvishoma nezvishoma udira mvura ye aquarium mumvura. bhegi kwehafu yeawa.

Kudyisa

Utano uye kushorwa kwemuviri wehove kunoenderana nekufunga, kudya kwakanyatsosarudzwa uye kupihwa kwevhithamini. Zvokudya zvinofanira kunge zvakasiyana-siyana, zvakagadzirirwa pamusana pezvigadzirwa zvemhando. 

Huwandu hwekudya hunopihwa hunofanirwa kuenderana nezvinodiwa nehove. Zvokudya hazvifaniri kuramba zviri mumvura kwenguva refu kupfuura maminitsi 15-20. Kana chikafu chichiripo, chinofanira kubviswa nemuchenesi wepasi kudzivirira kudyisa hove uye acidification yemvura.