Kuwedzerwa ropa kune imbwa

 Hemotransfusion kuisirwa mhuka dzinorwara neropa rose, kana zvikamu, kana plasma protein gadziriro. Iyi inzira yakakomba.Mu80% yezviitiko, kuwedzerwa ropa mumbwa kunokonzerwa neanemia, uye mu20% - nehemorrhagic shock. Kuisirwa ropa pane dzimwe nguva kunoponesa upenyu hwembwa uye kunoita basa guru mukukurira mugariro wakakomba.

Chinangwa chekuwedzerwa ropa mumbwa

1. Kutsiva. Erythrocytes yakagamuchirwa kubva kune anopa inoramba iri muropa remugamuchiri kwemwedzi 1-4, iyo inowedzera mwero weokisijeni mumatumbu.
2. Kukurudzira - kukanganisa kwemaitiro akasiyana-siyana uye nhengo dzembwa.
3. Kuvandudza muhemodynamics. Kuvandudza basa remoyo system, kuwedzera miniti vhoriyamu yemoyo, nezvimwe.
4. hemostatic chinangwa. Homeostasis inokurudzirwa, ine mwero hyperoagulation inoonekwa.

Zviratidzo zvekuwedzerwa ropa mumbwa

1. Kuzivikanwa kubuda ropa kwakanyanya, kunoratidzwa neakacheneruka mucous membranes, asina simba uye anogara achirova, kutonhora paws.
2. Kurasika kweropa kusingagumi uye kugadzikana kwehemodynamics, zvichiratidza kushayikwa kweokisijeni kune matishu muhuwandu hwakakwana.
3. Kusina kupora anemia yeakasiyana etiologies.
4. Nhaka kana kuwana coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, hypoproteinemia.

Kuwedzerwa ropa zvinhu zvembwa

Nzira iri nyore yekuwana zvinhu kubva muropa rakazara. Nokudaro, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumishonga yemhuka. Erythrocytes akaiswa mumagaba, akachengetwa akatonhora (tembiricha 3 - 6⁰C) uye yakashandiswa kwemazuva makumi matatu kana kusvika erythrocytes yashanduka. Erythromass inofanirwa kuzadza chengetedzo ye erythrocytes (yechisingaperi anemia) kana panjodzi yekuremerwa nehumwe huwandu hwemvura. Inoshandiswawo pakurasikirwa kweropa kwakanyanya (pamwe chete necrystalloids). Plasma inofanirwa kudzorera kuvhara zvinhu, kusanganisira. zvikamu zvisina kugadzikana. Nyaya yacho inochengetwa pa -30⁰C mukati me1 gore. Pamberi pekuisirwa ropa, inopisa kusvika +30 - 37⁰C, uye ipapo jekiseni mumuviri wembwa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira.

Nzira dzekutonga

Sezvo mutemo, ropa uye zvikamu zvaro zvinoshandiswa intravenously. Kana zvisingakwanisi kupinza ropa mutsinga (abscesses, edema yakaoma), intraosseous infusion inoshandiswa.

Ngozi uye Zvinetso zvekuwedzerwa Ropa muImbwa

Zvinetso zvakakomba zvinosanganiswa nekutyorwa kweiyo acid-base kuumbwa kweropa, zvikanganiso muhunyanzvi hwekuisira ropa, uye kukanganiswa kwehemodynamic. Zvinetso zvinononoka zvinogona kusanganiswa nekuwedzerwa ropa rinopisa, hemolyzed kana utachiona: post-transfusion (hemolytic) shock, citrate (anaphylactic) shock, zvirwere zvinotapukira. Kwete-immunological reactions (acute fomu) inoratidza sefivha. Chikonzero ndechekuita pakati peantigen uye antibody inosanganisira maplatelet, granulocytes kana lymphocytes, kana kusvibiswa kwebhakitiriya muropa. Dzimwe nguva kune allergic reaction (urticaria ine itching uye rash). Kuwedzerwa kwemutoro pamutambo weropa kunoratidzwa nekurutsa, tachycardia, kutsamwa, kukosora, kupfupika kwekufema kana cyanosis. Zvimwe zvinokonzera njodzi:

• pulmonary edema
• utachiona hunotapuriranwa
• fever
• post-transfusion circulatory overload
• hypervolemia
• acute post-transfusion reactions
• syndrome yekukundikana kwenhengo dzakawanda, nezvimwewo.

 Mapapu, chiropa, endocrine glands uye mamwe masisitimu uye nhengo dzinogona kukanganiswa. Kuwedzeredza kunogona kutungamirira kukuwedzera kukuru uye kusungwa kwemoyo. Kuwedzerwa ropa kunogona kukonzera immunomodulatory effect uye kuwedzera njodzi ye nosocomial utachiona, acute mapapu kukuvara, autoimmune zvirwere. Dambudziko rakanyanya kuoma ndeye anaphylactic shock. Kana kunyange zviratidzo zviduku zvikaonekwa, kuwedzerwa ropa kunofanira kumiswa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira.

Kuwedzerwa ropa kune imbwa senzira yekurapa

Iyi nzira yave ichinyanya kukosha mumakore achangopfuura. Kubatsira kwayo kwakave kwakasimbiswa kakawanda mukurapa kwehuwandu hwezvirwere zvehematological. Nekuda kwekureruka kweiyo canine blood grouping system uye kuderera kwemazinga emasobodi echisikigo anongoitika, veterinarians vanogona kunge vasingatarise kusapindirana kwemarudzi eropa pakati peanogamuchira neanopa. mune imbwa pasina kukuvara kwehutano (kusvika 10 ml / kg). Iyo inotevera sampling yeropa inoitwa kwete pamberi pemazuva 45 - 60.

Ndiani anogona kuva donor

Kamwe imbwa inogona kuwedzerwa ropa reboka ripi neripi. Asi kana kuwedzerwa kunotevera kuchidikanwa, rudzi rweropa runofanira kuenderana. Rh-negative imbwa dzinogona kugamuchira Rh-negative ropa chete. Chero ropa rinogona kugamuchirwa nembwa dzeRh-positive. Dzimwe nguva kuisirwa ropa nokukurumidza kunodiwa. Muchiitiko ichi, chero mupi we "random" anoshandiswa (imbwa ine hutano yakaguma mukiriniki yekudzivirira, kugadzira zvipikiri, nezvimwewo) kana chipfuyo chemumwe wevanachiremba. Mhuka yacho inofanira kuva kubva pamakore 1,5 kusvika ku8, inofanira kuva ine utano hwakakwana .Vanotora imbwa dzakadzikama, dzakagadzikana sevanopa. Huremu hwemuviri weiyo donor dog (muscle mass) inofanira kunge inopfuura 25 kg. Mhando yeropa yakakodzera ndeye DEA 1.1. negative. Kana mupi ari munhukadzi, anofanira kunge ari nulliparous. Mupi anofanira kunge asina kubva munzvimbo yenzvimbo.

Kuongorora mamiriro embwa panguva yekuwedzerwa ropa

Ese maminetsi gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu panguva yekuwedzerwa ropa uye 15, 30, 1 maawa mushure mekuita, zvinotevera paramita inoongororwa:

1. Maitiro.
2. Hunhu uye kusimba kwepuruzi.
3. Rectal tembiricha.
4. Hunhu uye kusimba kwekufema.
5. Ruvara rweweti uye plasma.
6. Mucosal ruvara, capillary refill nguva.
7. Prothrombin nguva uye hematocrit inotariswa zvisati zvaitika, pakarepo mushure mekupera, uye 12 uye 24 maawa mushure mekuisirwa ropa.

Mapoka eropa rembwa

Zvinotendwa kuti imbwa dzine marudzi manomwe eropa. Ichi hachisi chokwadi zvachose. Rondedzero A - G ihurongwa hwemapoka eropa, kana kuti, 1 chete yezvisarudzo zve 1961 "kusunungurwa". Kubva ipapo, kuedza kwakawanda kwakaitwa kugadzirisa data, uye muna 1976 yakagadzira zita reDEA, iro rava kugamuchirwa muUnited States. Zvinoenderana nerudzi urwu, masisitimu eropa anogona kudomwa seDEA 1.1, DEA 1.2, DEA 3, DEA 4, DEA 5, DEA 7 uye DEA 8. Iyo DEA 1 system ndiyo inonyanya kukosha mune zvekiriniki. Iyi sisitimu ine 3 gene-protein pairs uye 4 angangoita phenotypes: DEA 1.1., 1.2, 1.3 uye 0. Imbwa imwe ine 1 phenotype chete. Asi imbwa hadzina masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anorwisa ma<em>antigen erimwe boka, saka imbwa isati yambowedzerwa ropa inogona kuwedzerwa ropa pasina kupindirana kweDEA 1.1, uye kuisirwa ropa kuchashanda. Asi kana kuisirwa ropa kechipiri kuchidikanwa, zvinetso zvinobvira. Kana DEA 1 ikaisirwa kune anogamuchira asina kunaka (phenotype 0) yeropa reapositive DEA 1 donor (chero phenotype kunze kwe0), muviri weanogamuchira mushure memazuva manomwe kusvika gumi unokwanisa kugadzira masoja ekudzivirira chirwere kuDEA 7 antigen, inoparadza. chero masero matsvuku eropa, ane antigen iyi. Mune ramangwana, mugamuchiri akadaro anongoda kuisirwa ropa reDEA 1-negative, kana zvisina kudaro, panzvimbo yemavhiki matatu, donor erythrocytes inogara mumuviri wemugamuchiri, zvakanyanya, maawa mashoma, kana kunyange maminetsi akati wandei, inobvisa migumisiro yokuisirwa ropa, uye ingatowedzera mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Muchiitiko ichi, mupi weDEA 1 akanaka anogona kuwedzerwa neropa reDEA 1-negative, zvisinei, nemamiriro ezvinhu ekuti mupi uyu haana kumbobvira agamuchira. Iyo DEA 1 antigen inomiririrwa nehuwandu hwemhando dzakasiyana: DEA 1.1, DEA 1.2., DEA 1.3. ropa DEA 1. masoja ekudzivirira chirwere anogadzirwa nayo anobva aparadza masero matsvuku eropa neDEA 1.1. uye kukonzera acute hemolytic reaction, yakazara nematambudziko akaomarara. Muchiitiko ichi, masero matsvuku eropa ane DEA 1.2 uye 1.3 achabatanidza masoja ekudzivirira chirwere aya, asi kwete kuvaparadza (kunyangwe izvi zvakaipa kune murwere). Kana tikataura nezve DEA 3 system, imbwa inogona kunge iri DEA 3 yakanaka kana yakaipa. Kuwedzerwa ropa rakanaka reDEA 3 mumhuka ine masoja ekudzivirira chirwere akakodzera (anowanikwa kana ega) anoparadza masero matsvuku eropa uye zvinogona kukonzera kuisirwa ropa kwakanyanya mumazuva mashanu anotevera. Iyo DEA 4 system zvakare ine iyo + uye - phenotypes. Pasina kudzivirirwa kusati kwaitwa, imbwa dzeDEA 4-negative hadzina masoja ekudzivirira chirwere kuDEA 4. Kudzokororwa kuwedzerwa kweDEA 4-negative mugamuchiri, kunyange muhupo hwemasoja ekudzivirira chirwere kuDEA 4, haikonzeri hemolytic reaction. Zvisinei, nyaya yehemolysis inozivikanwa mune imbwa yakagamuchira kuwedzerwa ropa kusingaenderani kakawanda mumutsara. Iyo DEA 5 system zvakare yakanaka uye yakaipa. 10% yeDEA 5-negative mhuka dzine masoja ekudzivirira chirwere kuDEA 5. Kuwedzerwa ropa kune murwere anonzwa kunokonzera hemolytic reaction uye kufa kweanopa erythrocytes mukati memazuva matatu. Iyo DEA 6 system ine 2 phenotypes, + uye -. Kazhinji, hapana ma antibodies kune iyi antigen. Kuwedzerwa ropa kune anenge agamuchira anonzwa kunoguma nekuwedzerwa kuri pakati nepakati uye kudzikira kuri pakati nepakati kweupenyu hwevanopa masero matsvuku eropa. Iyo DEA 7 system ine 3 phenotypes: yakaipa, 0, uye Tr. Masoja ekudzivirira chirwere kuTr uye 0 aripo muzvikamu makumi maviri neshanu kubva muzana zveDEA-negative mhuka, asi haana kunzi hemolytic effect. Asi nekunzwa kunotevera, mamwe anogadzirwa anokwanisa kuora ropa revanopa mukati memazuva matatu. Iyo DEA 8 system haina kunyatso dzidza. Mukuwedzera kune zviri pamusoro apa, kune mamwe maitiro asina kubatanidzwa muDEA, sezvo akawanikwa munguva pfupi yapfuura, uye nhamba yezvirongwa zvakananga kune mamwe marudzi (somuenzaniso, imbwa dzekumabvazuva - Shibu-in, nezvimwewo) Kune makiriniki ekuongorora. yekuona kusavapo kana kuvapo kweDEA 1.1., 1.2, 3, 4, 5 uye 7 maantigen, asi anodhura zvakanyanya. Sezvo mutemo, muchokwadi, kunyanya mumataundi maduku, hapana vanopa vakagadzirira, uye kuwirirana kunotsanangurwa "pagirazi".