Cat inbreeding: zvinobatsira uye zvinokuvadza

Zvinotyisa, unoti. Izvi hazvina hunhu uye hazvisi zvomusikirwo. Asi chaizvoizvo, zvinhu zvose hazvina kudaro. Pamusoro pezvinetso zvinobvira zvemajini zvemakunakuna uye makunakuna, vanhu vanomanikidzwawo netsika dzemagariro, nepo mhuka dzisinawo.

Izvo hazvigone kutaurwa kuti inbreeding yakakurumbira uye yakapararira pakati pevaridzi, asi, kazhinji, hazvigone kurambwa kuti yaive yekutenda iyo inenge mhando dzese dzemazuva ano dzekatsi nembwa dzakazvarwa.

Saka chii chinonzi inbreeding?

Inbreeding - inbreeding kuitira kusimbisa humwe hunhu hunodiwa mumwana: semuenzaniso, kureba kwejasi, ruvara kana chimiro chenzeve.

Kuberekesa kunoitwa nenzira nhatu. Wokutanga - kuberekana, ndiko kuti, kuyambuka kwevanhu vasina hukama zvachose. Yechipiri ndeyekuberekana, ndiko kuti, kuyambuka kwevasiri hama dzepedyo dzine tateguru mumwe chete muchizvarwa chechitatu kana chechina. Uye wechitatu - kungoita inbreeding, ndizvo zvatiri kutaura nezvazvo.

Hakuna unzenza mukuyambuka kwakadaro munyika yemhuka. Katsi hadzina kusungwa nezvirambidzo zvemagariro, asi dzinotungamirwa nemasikirwo. Nokudaro, inbreeding inokubvumira kugadzirisa mumwana humwe unhu huri muvabereki - mumwe angati, zvipo zvemadzitateguru.

Kana nesainzi, saka zvese zvinotsanangurwa zviri nyore. Chipenyu chega chega chine magene maviri emajini - kubva kuna baba namai. Nekuyambuka kwakada kufanana, seti dzemakromosomes anowanikwa nemwana anoenderana zvakanyanya, zvakanyanya hukama hwemhuri panguva yekusangana. Nenzira iyi, humwe hunhu hunogona kugadziriswa murudzi. Uyezve, kuberekana kunotungamirira pakuonekwa muvana vevanhu vakafanana (asi vasiri mapatya), izvo zvinobvumira kuti genotype yakabva kupfuudzwa nemigumisiro yakajeka.

Uye ngozi ndeipi?

Kana tsika dzekatsi dzisiri kunyadzisa, saka sei vapfuri vachiedza kutendeukira kune inbreeding, ngatiti, mu "zvakanyanya zviitiko"? Zvose zviri nyore. Iwo majini akafanana anoita kuti zvikwanisike kuwana hunhu hunodiwa, asi panguva imwe chete, seti diki yakadaro yemakromosomes inotungamira mune zvimwe zviitiko pakuonekwa kwevana vasina kukwana kana vasina simba.

Inbreeding haitsigirwi nemusikirwo muzvisikwa. Chekutanga, kana majini akawanda akatakurwa nechinhu chipenyu, ndipo panobva panyanya kuchinjika kune chero shanduko. Kufanana kweiyo genotype kunoita kuti munhu aite zvisina kunaka kuchinjika kune zvakasiyana siyana zvinotyisidzira (semuenzaniso, nhaka zvirwere). Uye izvi zvinopesana nemitemo yekusarudzwa kwechisikigo, ndiko kuti, zvinopesana nemasikirwo. Chechipiri (uye iyi ndiyo ngozi huru yekuberekesa), zvisikwa zvose zvinotakura zvose zvakanaka uye zvakaipa majini. Kusimbisa yekare nekuda kwekuberekesa, iyo yekupedzisira inovandudzwa pakarepo, iyo inotungamirira kukuchinja kwemajini uye zvirwere, kuonekwa kwevana vasina simba, uye kunyange kuberekwa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti, nekuyambuka hama, zvinokwanisika kugadzirisa murudzi zvose zvinodiwa genetic maitiro, pamwe nezvirwere zvenhaka uye mamwe matambudziko. Izvi zvinonzi inbreeding depression.

Sei kushandisa inbreeding?

Pamusoro pengozi yayo yese, inbreeding munguva pfupi kwazvo inobvumidza iwe kuti uwane vana vane yakagadziriswa inodiwa hunhu. Nzira inokurumidza ndeyekuyambuka mukoma nehanzvadzi (vanun'una), baba vane mwanasikana, kana amai vane mwanakomana. 16-kupeta padhuze inbreeding inobvumira iwe kuti uwane 98% yemajini akafanana mumwana. Kureva kuti, kuwana vanenge vanhu vakafanana, asi vasiri mapatya.

Vafudzi, vasarudza kutevera nzira yekuberekesa, havatsvaki kuwana kukwanisa kwevana vose. Kittens dzisina kukodzera nokuda kwechikonzero chipi nechipi dzinourayiwa (dzimwe nguva kusvika ku80%), uye chete yakanakisisa yezvakanakisisa inosara. Uyezve, muchengeti ane ruzivo anoenda kune makunakuna emhuka chete kana aine ruzivo rwakakwana kwete chete nezvezvinodiwa, asiwo nezvezvinokuvadza majini.

Nekushandisa kwakakodzera, inbreeding ichakubvumidza iwe kuti uwane, kune rumwe rutivi, iwo akakodzera majini, uye kune rimwe, kupotsa kubvisa zvachose zvinokuvadza.

Asi isu hatifanire kukanganwa kuti katsi dzinonyanya kubatwa inbreeding. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kwete chete hunhu hune hukuru hwemajini, asi zvakare zvikanganiso zvakakomba nekuda kweiyo recessive zvinogona kukurumidza kupararira murudzi rwese. Uye izvi, mushure mezvizvarwa zvishomanana, zvinogona kutungamirira mukuparara kwemutsara wose wekubereka. Ndiyo njodzi iyi ndiyo huru apo vapfuri vanoshandisa inbreeding.

Mufananidzo: Kuunganidza

April 19 2019

Yakagadziridzwa: 14 Chivabvu 2022

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