Kupingudza imbwa: apo murume akapingudza imbwa

Pamatombo ekupenda muSaudi Arabia, yakaitika ku9th millennium BC. e., unogona kutoona mifananidzo yemurume ane imbwa. Iyi ndiyo mifananidzo yekutanga uye ndedzipi dzidziso pamusoro pekwakabva mhuka dzinovaraidza?

Sezvakaita nhoroondo yekuchengetwa kwekati, hapasati pave nekubvumirana kuti imbwa dzakachengetwa rini uye kuti zvakaitika sei. Sezvo pasina data yakavimbika pamusoro pemadzitateguru embwa dzemazuva ano. 

Kuberekwa kwembwa dzekutanga dzepamba

Nyanzvi hadzigone kuona nzvimbo chaiyo yekuchengetwa kwembwa, nekuti zvakaitika kwese kwese. Zvisaririra zvembwa pedyo nenzvimbo dzevanhu zvinowanikwa munzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika. 

Somuenzaniso, muna 1975, nyanzvi yezvakaitika kare ND Ovodov akawana zvisaririra zvembwa muSiberia pedyo neMakomo eAltai. Nguva yezvasara izvi inofungidzirwa pa 33-34 zviuru zvemakore. MuCzech Republic, zvakasara zvakawanikwa zvinopfuura zviuru makumi maviri nemana emakore.

Kwakabva imbwa yemazuvano

Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanotsanangura dzidziso mbiri dzekwakabva mhuka dzinovaraidza - monophyletic uye polyphyletic. Vatsigiri vemonophyletic theory vane chokwadi chokuti imbwa yakabva kumhumhi yemusango. Nharo huru yevatsigiri vedzidziso iyi ndeyokuti chimiro chedehenya uye kuonekwa kwembwa dzemarudzi akawanda ane zvakawanda zvakafanana nemhumhi.

Dzidziso yepolyphyletic inoti imbwa dzakaonekwa semugumisiro wekuyambuka mhumhi nemhungu, makava kana makava. Dzimwe nyanzvi dziri kuzembera kwakabva mamwe marudzi emakava. 

Kune zvakare avhareji vhezheni: musayendisiti wekuAustria Konrad Lorenz akaburitsa monograph inotaura kuti imbwa dzakabva kune ese mapere uye hunguhwe. Maererano nenyanzvi yemhuka, marudzi ose anogona kukamurwa kuva "mhumhi" uye "mhungu".

Charles Darwin aidavira kuti mapere akazova madzitateguru embwa. Mubhuku rake rinonzi “The Origin of Species”, akanyora kuti: “Kusarudzwa kwadzo [imbwa] kwakaitwa maererano nenheyo yetsika, simba guru rokusarudza raiva vanhu vaibvuta vana vemhumhi mugomba ndokuapingudza.”

Kuchengetwa kwemadzitateguru emusango embwa kwakakonzera kwete maitiro avo chete, asiwo chitarisiko chavo. Semuenzaniso, vanhu vaiwanzoda kuchengetedza nzvimbo yenzeve dzemhuka dzakarembera, senge puppies, uye saka vakasarudza vamwe vacheche.

Kugara pedyo nemunhu kwakakonzerawo ruvara rwemaziso embwa. Zvikara zvinowanzova nemaziso akareruka sezvazvinovhima usiku. Mhuka, iri pedyo nemunhu, kazhinji yakatungamirira mararamiro emasikati, izvo zvakakonzera kusviba kweiris. Mamwe masayendisiti anotsanangura zvakasiyana-siyana zvemarudzi embwa dzemazuva ano kuburikidza nekuyambuka uye kumwe kusarudzwa kwevanhu. 

Nhoroondo yekuchengetwa kwembwa

Mumubvunzo wekuti imbwa yakachengetwa sei, nyanzvi dzinewo mafungiro maviri. Maererano neyokutanga, munhu akangopingudza mhumhi, uye maererano neyechipiri, akaipfuya. 

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, masayendisiti aidavira kuti pane imwe nguva munhu akatora vana vemhumhi kumba kwake, somuenzaniso, kubva kumhumhi yakafa, akapingudza uye akaamutsa. Asi nyanzvi dzemazuva ano dzinonyanya kurerekera kune yechipiri dzidziso - dzidziso yekuzvibata. Maererano naye, mhuka dzakazvimiririra dzakatanga kuroverera kunzvimbo dzevanhu vekare. Semuenzaniso, ava vanogona kunge vari vanhu vakarambwa nepakiti. Vaisangoda kurwisa munhu chete, asiwo kuwana ruvimbo kuti vagare pamwe chete naye. 

Nokudaro, maererano nedzidziso dzemazuva ano, imbwa yakazvidzora pachayo. Izvi zvinosimbisa zvakare kuti imbwa ndiyo shamwari yechokwadi yemunhu.

Onawo:

• Imbwa dzingani dziripo?
• Hunhu uye maitiro emhando dzembwa - kune manomwe makirasi emhando
• Canine Genetics: Nutrigenomics uye Simba reEpigenetics
• Mienzaniso yakajeka yekuvimbika kwembwa