Kutonga muImbwa: Iyo Alpha Dog Concept Inoshanda?

Dzimwe nguva munhu anowana fungidziro yekuti kutaura kwese nezvekuteerera uye matambudziko ehunhu mumbwa neimwe nzira inotsvedza muchinyorwa "kutonga“. Varidzi vembwa vanotaura nezve maitiro avanofanirwa kuve "mutungamiri wepaki" uye "imbwa yealpha mumba mavo." 

Mufananidzo: flickr

Chimwe chezvikonzero ndechokuti uyo anozvitsanangura pachake "muroyi wembwa", "mudzidzisi" ane mukurumbira Caesar Millan, anobuda munzira yake kuti azivise kushandiswa kwehutsinye uye nzira dzechisimba kuti "dzitonge" imbwa dzine utsinye.

Asi iyo Alpha Imbwa pfungwa inoshanda chaizvo? Tsvakurudzo yemazuva ano inopikisa pfungwa dzakadaro uye inotaura nezvekukundikana kwavo.

Masayendisiti anopikisa

Kunyanya, kusanzwisisa kwaMillan mumaitiro ake ehutsinye anoshoropodza Stanley  ChiKorean, purofesa wepfungwa paYunivhesiti yeBritish Columbia, PhD., DSc, FRSC, munyori wemabhuku akawanda pamusoro pembwa (kusanganisira Imbwa Yemazuva Ano, Sei Imbwa Dziine Mhuno Dzakanyorova? The Pawprints of History, Imbwa Dzinofunga Sei, Matauriro Atinoita Imbwa , Nei Tichida Imbwa dzatinoita, Imbwa Dzinoziva Sei? The Dogs That Dog Dog Understanding My Dog Dog Dogs? ep Mbavha, The Left-hander Syndrome).

Maitiro aMillan, anodaro Stanley Coren, haawani rutsigiro pakati pevazhinji vanoita imbwa nevanoongorora. 

Ngatitange nenyaya yekuti Caesar Millan akazviti "muroyi wembwa", izvo zvinoita sezvisinganzwisisike. Iyi idimikira yezita rekuti "muzevezera webhiza" rakatanga kushandiswa kune varairidzi vemabhiza vakadai saWillis J. Powell naMonty Roberts. Asi vainzi “n’anga” chaizvoizvo nemhaka yokuti vakaramba kushandisa masimba masimba, iyo yakanga iri nzira inogamuchirwa yokubata namabhiza akaoma naane hasha, uye vakakudziridza mitoo yakapfava! Ndiko kuti, kuenzanisa kwacho kuri pachena kusafarira Millan.

Nezve matekiniki anoshandiswa naMilan, nyanzvi, kunyanya, Jean Donaldson, mutungamiriri weSPCA Academy for Dog Trainers muSan Francisco, akazvitaura neiyi nzira: “Unyanzvi, hunosimbisa mipimo yohunhu uye miitiro yakanaka, hwakasundirwa kure, kure nomurume uyu nokuda kwokuratidza uye kuita mari ...

Jean Donaldson akagumburwa nemaitiro aMillan zvekuti iye, pamwe chete Ian dunbar, nyanzvi ine mukurumbira uye inoremekedzwa zvikuru imbwa ine dhigirii rezvokurapa nezvipfuyo uye PhD mune zvepfungwa, akagadzira DVD rinonzi Fighting Dominance in a Dog Whispering World. Vakapwanya zvachose nzira dzakashandiswa naMillan mune yakakurumbira TV show. Nzira dzaMillan dzakatsoropodzwa zvakanyanya nevamwe vanoita zvembwa uye vadzidzisi.

Nekudaro, Caesar Millan idiki diki fry kuti ateerere zvakanyanya kwaari, maererano naStanley Coren. Pane mumwe mubvunzo unokosha wokufunga nezvawo. Semuenzaniso, iyo pfungwa yekutonga inoshanda zvachose here, uye kunyanya iyo pfungwa yekuve "Alpha Imbwa - Pack Mutungamiriri"?

Mufananidzo: flickr

Konrad Lorenz uye pfungwa yekutonga mumbwa

Konrad Lorenz, mubhuku rake Ring yaMambo Soromoni, rakabudiswa muna 1949, anorondedzera musiyano uri mumufambiro wembwa ine simba uye ine simba. Lorenz, mubairo weNobel uye mumwe wevatambi vekutanga vemhuka, akavakirwa maonero ake pambwa dzake. Kana imbwa imwe yainyanya kuita zvehasha uye ichitonga (inotonga), imwe imbwa yaiziva chimiro chayo nekuratidza kuzviisa pasi (subdominant). Lorenz aidavira kuti munhu anovakawo hukama hwekutonga nembwa, sezvo kana akatyisidzira imwe yembwa, airatidza zviratidzo zvakafanana zvekuzviisa pasi kwaari.

Ehe, hapana anopokana nemupiro unokosha waKonrad Lorenz kune ethology. Zvisinei, pane chimwe chinhu chokufunga nezvacho.

Kutanga, Lorenz akadzidza dzimwe mhuka (kunyanya, grey geese), asi haana kuita zvidzidzo zvesayenzi nembwa - maonero ake anobva chete pakucherechedza zvipfuwo zvake.

Chechipiri, pfungwa dzesainzi dzinowanzoratidza tsika nezvitendero zvenguva yenhoroondo inogara masayendisiti aya. Lorenz akaberekerwa muAustria muna 1903 - uye izvo zvinoreva zvakawanda. Mafungiro aKonrad Lorenz pamusoro pembwa akapesvedzerwa nenzira dzekudzidzira imbwa dzaiitwa panguva iyoyo, zhinji dzeidzi nzira dzakagadzirwa nemauto eGerman ekudzidzira imbwa dzebasa. Uye mitoo yokurovedza imbwa panguva iyoyo yairatidzira mitoo mikuru yakanga iripo muuto renguva iyoyo, izvo zvinoreva kuti dzakanga dzakavakirwa pachirango chakasimba zvikurusa uye kushandiswa kwesimba nechikonzero kana kuti pasina chikonzero. Zvishandiso zvakananga zvakagadzirirwa kudzidziswa mune iyi nzira zvaisanganisira, semuenzaniso, kushandiswa kweashes neshamhu kune imwe mugumo kuitira kuti chimbo chaigara chiripo kurova imbwa kana isina kutevera murairo.

Mufananidzo: littlerock.af.mil

Colonel Konrad Vazhinji vakatsanangura zvakanaka kwazvo uzivi hwedzidzo yaivepo muGermany panguva iyoyo. “Pasina kumanikidzwa, hazvibviri zvachose kudzidzisa imbwa kana munhu. Kunyange muridzi wembwa ane mwoyo munyoro zvikuru haakwanisi kutaura nechidhori chake chine makumbo mana, chaanonamata, pasina chisimba. 

Mune mamwe mazwi, mauto eGermany muhafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechi20 akanga akaomerera: shandisa simba kuti uise hutongi uye ipapo shandisa kutonga ikoko kudzora maitiro embwa.

David L. Mech: Ideas of Dominance uye Alpha Wolf

Chidzidzo chekutanga nemhumhi maitiro airatidza kutsigira pfungwa yehutongi hwakaoma, hwemurwi-senge hwemagariro, hunowanzo chengetwa kuburikidza nechisimba chemuviri uye nekutyisidzirwa. Mutungamiri - "Alpha Wolf" - nerubatsiro rwemaitiro echisimba uye kutyisidzira anochengetedza chimiro chake semutungamiri. Zvisinei, zvinosuruvarisa kune vanoda nzira dzechisimba, kumwe kutsvakurudza kwakaratidza kukundikana zvachose kwepfungwa iyi.

David L. pasi aiva mumwe wemasayendisiti ekutanga kudzidza maitiro emhumhi musango. Mumakore makumi manomwe ezana ramakore rechi70, akaburitsa bhuku rakanyorwa pasi pesimba remazano aimbove akatonga, kusanganisira ayo aLorenz, uye mariri akatsanangura mutungamiri wepakiti se "Alpha Wolf". Zvisinei, gare gare iye pachake akasava nechokwadi nekodzero yekushandiswa kweshoko iri. Iye zvino anozviti iyi label haifanirwe kushandiswa., sezvaanotaura zvisirizvo kuti makudo ari kurwira kutonga.

Kutaura idi, sezvaanokura, makudo anosiya mhuri yavabereki kundotsvaka mukwanyina ndokubereka vana, ayo anoumba boka idzva rawo oga. Uye kutonga kunomuka nemhaka bedzi yokuti vabereki, somumhuri ipi neipi, nenzira yomuzvarirwo vanodzora mufambiro wavana vavo, sezvazvinongoita mumhuri yavabereki.

Somumhuri dzevanhuwo zvavo, vabereki vanogadza zvinyoro mitemo ine musoro. Uye mune iyi kesi, izwi rekuti "Alpha" Mech harishandisi. Pane kudaro, anoshandisa izwi rekuti "kubereka" murume kana mukadzi muhomwe. Kana kungova mhumhi-amai uye mhumhi-baba.

Mufananidzo: pixabay.com

Nokudaro, pfungwa ye "Alpha Wolf" inogona kushandiswa chete pakutsanangura pakiti yakagadzirwa nemaoko, kana munhu achiunganidza mhuka dzisina hukama kune mumwe nemumwe, asi, semuenzaniso, mhumhi dzakabatwa netsaona dzakaiswa munzvimbo yakavharidzirwa. 

Mumapoka akadaro asiri echisikigo, mhuka dzinogona kurwira hutungamiriri, uye "Alpha Wolf" ichaonekwa. Asi iyi haisisiri mhuri, asi, jeri rekuchengetedza zvakanyanya.

Asi mapere hadzisi imbwawo!

Zvechokwadi, imbwa, uyezve, dzakasiyana zvikuru nemhumhi nekuda kwekuchengetwa. Uye iwe unogona kutarisa, semuenzaniso, kuchidzidzo Roberto Bonanni (Yunivhesiti yeParma, 2010).

Vakadzidza mapoka embwa dzinenge dzarasika uye vakasvika pakugumisa kuti utungamiri chinhu chinochinja-chinja. Semuenzaniso, mune rimwe pakiti remhuka makumi maviri nenomwe, kazhinji imbwa nhanhatu dzakatora chinzvimbo chemutungamiri weboka panguva dzakasiyana, asi inosvika hafu yembwa dzakura dzakatorawo chinzvimbo chemutungamiri pano neapo. Zvakazoitika kuti basa rehutungamiriri raiwanzo kupihwa kune imbwa dzine ruzivo, asi, nenzira, kwete hazvo idzo dzine hasha.

Zvairatidza rongedza Inobvumira imwe imbwa kana imwe kutora chinzvimbo chemutungamiri pane imwe nguva kuitira kuti uwane zvakanyanya kubva mumamiriro ezvinhu aripo uye kuwana mukana kune zvinodiwa zviwanikwa.

Mufananidzo: wikimedia

Nei tichifanira kuziva nezvazvo?

Kutanga, kuti kutsoropodza zano chairo rekushandisa hutsinye simba mukudzidzisa imbwa.  

Chechipiri, saka, kunzwisisa kuti maitiro anoshandiswa nevanhu vakaita saCaesar Millan nevamwe vanotsigira "murwi" mukudzidzira imbwa uye kugadzirisa maitiro anobva pa. chirevo chenhema. Iyi ndiyo nhaka yeuto reGermany rezana remakore rapfuura, pamwe chete nekusagadzikana kwehuwandu hunobva pane imwe chete yekucherechedza mhumhi dzakatapwa mumamiriro ezvinhu asina kujairika.

Mufananidzo: pxhere

Uye zvichida ikozvino ndiyo nguva yekufunga zvakare kudzidziswa kwembwa uye kuteerera mukufarira nzira dzinobva on kusimbisa kwakanaka. Kubva pakuona uku, kutonga kwemaitiro embwa ndeyekutanga, kushanda nayo kurudziro nezvido, zvakadai sezvokudya, kutamba, uye kushamwaridzana kwevanhu, pane kushandisa simba risina utsinye "kutonga" chipfuyo nenzira isina kufanira zvachose uye isiri yega.

Kana iwe ukaronga zvakanaka mararamiro embwa uye uchimupa zvaanoda panguva ino, imbwa ichafara kubatana newe. Uye nzira iyi inoshanda zvakanyanya kupfuura iyo inonzi "dominance".

Chokwadika, chimiro chemunhu chinofanira kuva chakakwirira kupfuura chembwa. Zvisinei, izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa nyore nyore kwete nesimba rakashata, asi nerubatsiro rwe kuremekedza uye kushandisa kukurudzira.