Euthanasia yezvinokambaira uye amphibians
General overview yenyaya ye euthanasia mune veterinary herpetology
Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekusunungura reptile. Mukuwedzera, kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuita basa iri. Matekiniki akakodzera kune chimwe chinangwa anogona kunge asina kukodzera kune chimwe. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha, pasinei nechikonzero uye nzira, ndiyo nzira yemunhu ye euthanasia.
Zviratidzo zve euthanasia, sekutonga, zvirwere zvisingarapiki zvinokonzera kutambura kumhuka. Zvakare, maitiro aya anoitwa nekuda kwekutsvagisa kana sechikamu chekuurawa kwemhuka nekuda kwechikafu kana maindasitiri mumapurazi. Kune nzira dzakawanda dzekuita maitiro aya, asi nheyo yavo huru ndeyekuderedza marwadzo uye kutambura kusingakoshi kwemhuka uye kukurumidza kana kutsetseka kwemaitiro.
Zviratidzo zveeuthanasia zvinogona kusanganisira kukuvara kwakakomba, nhanho dzisingashande dzehosha dzekuvhiya, hutachiona hunoisa njodzi kune dzimwe mhuka kana vanhu, pamwe nekukomoka kwekamba dzakaonda.
Maitiro acho anofanira kuitwa nemazvo, sezvo dzimwe nguva autopsy yemhuka inodiwa nemhedzisiro yakanyorwa, uye maitiro asina kunaka anogona kudzima zvakanyanya mufananidzo wepathoanatomical weinofungidzirwa chirwere.
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| Euthanasia nejekiseni muuropi kuburikidza neziso reparietal Source: Mader, 2005 | Euthanasia ne decapitation mushure meanesthesia Source: Mader, 2005 |
Mapoinzi ekushandisa ejekiseni muuropi kuburikidza ne parietal (yechitatu) ziso Source: D.Mader (2005)
Uropi hwehutu hunokwanisa kuchengetedza basa rahwo kwenguva yakati pasi pemamiriro ekushaya oxygen, iyo inofanira kuverengwa, sezvo kune zviitiko zvekumuka kamwe kamwe kwemhuka mushure me "maitiro ekupedzisira"; apnea chete haina kukwana rufu. Vamwe vanyori vekune dzimwe nyika vakakurudzira kupiwa kwe formalin solution kumusana wepinal cord kana anesthetics, pamwe chete nemishonga yekusarudza euthanasia, uye vakafungidzirawo nezvekushandiswa kwe potassium uye magnesium munyu se cardioplegic agents (kuderedza mukana wekudzorera basa rekupomba. the heart) kuitira kudzivirira kumuka. Iyo nzira yekufemerwa kwezvinhu zvinoputika zvekamba haina kukurudzirwa nekuda kwekuti turtles dzinogona kubata mweya wavo kwenguva yakakwana. Fry muzvinyorwa zvake (1991) anoratidza kuti mwoyo unoramba uchirova kwenguva yakati mushure mekuita euthanasia, izvo zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kuunganidza ropa kana zvichidiwa pakutsvakurudza chinangwa chekuongorora mushure mekufa kwechirwere chekliniki. Izvi zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa zvakare pakuona kufa.
Sezviri pachena, vamwe vatsvakurudzi vari pasi peeuthanasia vanoreva kuuraya zvakananga nekukuvadzwa kwemuviri kuuropi nerubatsiro rwezvishandiso, uye nzira dzinogamuchirwa mukurapa kwemhuka dzinoitwa sekugadzirira kwemhuka.
Pane zvakawanda zvinongedzo zveeuthanasia yezvinokambaira zvakaburitswa muUSA, asi zita rekuti "gold standard" richiri kupihwa nenyanzvi dzakawanda kune monographs yaDr. Cooper. Nekugadzirira, nyanzvi dzekune dzimwe nyika dzezvipfuyo dzinoshandisa ketamine, iyo inoita kuti zvive nyore kuendesa mushonga mukuru mutsinga, uye inoderedzawo kushushikana mumhuka uye inodzivirira muridzi kubva kunetseka kusingakoshi kana aripo pane euthanasia maitiro. Zvadaro, barbiturates inoshandiswa. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoshandisa calcium chloride mushure mekutonga kweanesthetics. Mishonga inopiwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana: intravenously, mune izvo zvinonzi. parietal ziso. Mhinduro dzinogona kupihwa intracelomically kana intramuscularly; pane maonero ekuti nzira idzi dzekutonga dzinoshanda zvakare, asi mhedzisiro yacho inouya zvishoma nezvishoma. Zvisinei, munhu anofanirwa kufunga nezvekuti kupera mvura mumuviri, hypothermia kana kurwara (izvo, chaizvoizvo, nguva dzose inogara muzviratidzo zveeuthanasia) inogona kuva inhibitors yekutora zvinodhaka. Murwere anogona kuiswa mune inhalation anesthetic delivery chamber (halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane), asi nzira iyi inogona kuva yakareba nokuti, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, zvimwe zvinokambaira zvinokwanisa kubata mweya uye kupinda mune anaerobic maitiro, izvo zvinovapa zvimwe. nguva yekuwana apnea; izvi zvinonyanya kushanda kune makarwe uye turtles dzomumvura.
Maererano D.Mader (2005), amphibians, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, vari euthanized vachishandisa TMS (Tricaine methane sulfonate) uye MS - 222. Cooper, Ewebank and Platt (1989) vakataura kuti amphibians mumvura inogonawo kuurayiwa mumvura ine sodium bicarbonate. kana piritsi yeAlco-Seltzer. Euthanasia ine TMS (Tricaine methane sulfonate) maererano naWayson et al. (1976) isinganyanyi kunetseka. Yakakurudzirwa intracelomic administration yeTMS pachiyero che 200 mg / kg. Kushandiswa kwe ethanol muhuwandu hunopfuura 20% inoshandiswawo kune euthanasia. Pentobarbital inotorwa pachiyero che 100 mg/kg intracelomically. Haisi kusarudzwa nevamwe vanoongorora zvirwere nokuti inokonzera kuchinja kwetishu kunosvibisa zvikuru mufananidzo wehutano (Kevin M. Wright et Brent R. Whitaker, 2001).
Munyoka, T 61 inoiswa intracardially (intramuscularly kana intracelomically sezvinodiwa, zvakare mushonga unobaiwa mumapapu. Panyoka dzine uturu, kushandisa mishonga inofemerwa kana mudziyo une chloroform zviri nani kana isipo. T 61 iripo zvakare. madzvinyu nekamba.Maererano nemakarwe akakura zvikuru, vamwe vanyori vanotaura nezvekupfurwa kumusana kwemusoro, kana pasina imwe nzira.Zvakaoma kwatiri kuti titonge euthanasia yezvikara zvakakura zvikuru nekupfura kubva kune imwe nzira. pfuti, kunyangwe kudivi rehupfumi renyaya, saka isu ticharega kutaura pamusoro penyaya iyi kunyanya.Kuomesa nechando kunewo nzvimbo yako pakati pemaitiro euthanasia reptile.Iyi nzira yave yakawanda pakati pevanofarira.Cooper, Ewebank, naRosenberg (1982) vakaratidza kusavimba nevanhu nezvenzira iyi, kunyangwe murwere akagadzirirwa asati aiswa mukamuri, nekuda kwekuti kuomesa nechando mufiriji kunotora nguva yakareba.Kuomesa nechando, vakasarudza kuisa mhuka munitrogen yemvura. Zvisinei, pasina dzimwe nzira, nzira iyi dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa mushure mekuvhima mhuka.
Imwe yenzira dzekukuvadza uropi nechishandiso mushure mekuiswa kwemhuka muanesthesia. Kunobva: McArthur S., Wilkinson R., Meyer J, 2004.
Decapitation zvirokwazvo haisi nzira yemunhu ye euthanasia. Cooper et al. (1982) yakaratidza kuti uropi hwe reptilian hunogona kukwanisa kuona marwadzo kusvika kuawa ye1 mushure mekuputika nemusana. Mabhuku akawanda anotsanangura nzira yokuuraya nayo nokukuvadza uropi nechiridzwa chinopinza. Semaonero edu, nzira iyi inoitika nenzira yekupa mhinduro kuhuropi nejekiseni muziso reparietal. Zvakare hutsinye hwekubuda ropa (kusimba kwechinguvana kwehuropi hwezvinokambaira uye amphibians panguva ye hypoxia zvakataurwa pamusoro), kurova kwakasimba mumusoro uye kushandiswa kwepfuti. Nekudaro, iyo nzira yekupfura kubva kune yakakura-caliber chombo kupinda muziso reparietal rezvinokambaira zvakakura kwazvo inoshandiswa nekuda kwekusakwanisa kuita mamwe manipulations ehunhu.
Kubudirira kweakasiyana euthanasia matekiniki (maererano naMader, 2005):
Animals | Deep kushungurudza | ziviso mushonga zvinhu | Kunyura muzvigadziriso | Inhalation | chisimba kuchinja |
Mararadhi | <40 g | + | - | + | + |
Nyoka | <40 g | + | - | + | + |
Turtles | <40 g | + | - | - | + |
Macheka | - | + | - | - | + |
Amphibians | <40 g | + | + | - | + |
Tichitaura nezveBSAVA's Exotic Animals (2002), chirongwa cheeuthanasia chezvinokambaira zvakagamuchirwa kuMadokero chinogona kupfupikiswa mutafura:
Stage | Kugadzirira | Dose | Nzira yekutungamirira |
1 | Ketamine | 100-200 mg / kg | muri/m |
2 | Pentobarbital (Nembutal) | 200 mg/kg | i/v |
3 | Instrumental kuparadza kweuropi | ||
Vasiliev DB akatsanangurawo kusanganiswa kwematanho maviri ekutanga etafura (kupa kweNembutal nehutungamiri hwekutanga ketamine) uye intracardial administration yebarbiturate kune turtles duku. mubhuku rake rinonzi Turtles. Maintenance, zvirwere uye kurapwa "(2011). Tinowanzo shandisa chirongwa chinosanganisira intravenous propofol pane yakajairika dose ye reptile anesthesia (5-10 ml/kg) kana chloroform chamber yemadzvinyu madiki uye nyoka, ichiteverwa ne intracardiac (dzimwe nguva intravenous) lidocaine 2% (2 ml/kg. ) kg). Mushure memaitiro ese, chitunha chinoiswa mufiriji (Kutorov, 2014).
Kutorov SA, Novosibirsk, 2014
Literature 1. Vasiliev DB Turtles. Zviri mukati, zvirwere uye kurapwa. – M .: “Aquarium Print”, 2011. 2. Yarofke D., Lande Yu. Zvinokambaira. Zvirwere uye kurapwa. – M. “Aquarium Print”, 2008. 3. BSAVA. 2002. BSAVA Manual of Exotic Pets. 4. Mader D., 2005. Mushonga weReptile uye kuvhiyiwa. Saunders Elsvier. 5. McArthur S., Wilkinson R., Meyer J. 2004. Mushonga uye kuvhiyiwa kwehutu uye turtles. Blackwell Publishing. 6. Wright K., Whitaker B. 2001. Mushonga weAmphibian uye nhapwa murume. Krieger Publishing.
Dhaunirodha chinyorwa muPDF format
Kana pasina herpetologist veterinarians, nzira inotevera ye euthanasia inogona kushandiswa - overdose ye 25 mg / kg chero ipi zvayo yemhuka yeanesthesia (Zoletil kana Telazol) IM uyezve mufiriji.
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