Pamusoro 10 Inonakidza Chokwadi Nezve Coelenterates

Coelenterates chimwe chezvisikwa zvipenyu zvekare paPasi. Vakaonekwa panguva apo hupenyu hwakanga huchangobuda panyika. Iye zvino vakawana zvakasiyana-siyana zvemafomu.

Kune vanhu, coelenterates yakakosha zvikuru - zvinhu zvekuvaka zvinocherwa kubva kune akafa calcareous zvikamu zvekorari. Mamwe marudzi emakorari anoshandiswa zvishongo. Makorari ematombo anoshanda seutiziro hwehove uye anowanzova basa chairo reunyanzvi, iro vanhu vakasiyana-siyana vanoburuka kuti vaone.

Vamiririri vakanaka uye vasina kujairika vemhuka dzeradial jellyfish. Ivo vanoshamisika kwete chete nechitarisiko chavo, asiwo nehukuru hwavo. Chinyorwa chinopa 10 inonyanya kufadza chokwadi nezve coelenterates.

10 Kune marudzi maviri emazuva ano: cnidarians uye ctenophores.

Mhuka dzakawanda dzakakamurwa kuva marudzi maviri emazuva ano: cnidarians uye ctenophores.. Zvisikwa zvemugungwa chete zvinorondedzerwa se cnidarians. Chimiro chavo ndechekuvapo kwemasero anoruma, ndicho chikonzero zita racho rakabva. Vanodanwawo cnidarian. Kusvika iye zvino, dzinenge 11 marudzi akawanikwa.

Ctenophores inosanganisirawo hupenyu hwemugungwa, asi chimiro chavo kuvepo kwe cilia kana muzinga wakakosha. Mhando mbiri idzi dzemhuka dzakafanana zvakanyanya kune imwe neimwe.

9. Chimwe chezvipenyu zvekaresa panyika

Chero ani anodzidza nhoroondo yehupenyu hwePasi anonyatsoziva izvozvo coelenterates ndeimwe yemhuka dzekare papasi redu. Evolution Panyika yakatanga nekuonekwa kwehupenyu hwekutanga, yakaitika makore anoda kusvika mabhiriyoni mana apfuura uye ichiripo nanhasi.

Masayendisiti akakwanisa kuratidza kuti coelenterates vaigara Precambrian. Zvishoma zvinozivikanwa nezveCryptozoic nguva, asi ipapo ndipo apo zviratidzo zvekutanga zvehupenyu zvakaonekwa uye nguva iyi inoreva zvakawanda zvekushanduka-shanduka zvachose.

8. Radial symmetry yezvisikwa

Nzvimbo yehurongwa hwenhengo uye nhengo dzemuviri mune zvese zvipenyu zvakasiyana. Mune coelenterates, iyo radial system. Iine imwe geometric order. Zvinhu zvikuru ndezvepakati, mutsetse uye ndege. Izvi zvakajairwa nevagari vemugungwa, nekuti kuita kwemuviri kwakafanana kwese kwese nekuda kwenzvimbo imwe chete.

Iyo symmetry ye coelenterates inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nekona yemhuka. Nokudaro zvinokwanisika kutsanangura 4-,6-,8-beam symmetry.

7. No specialized kufema, circulatory, excretory nhengo

Muviri wemhuka dzemukati unofanana nehomwe, iyo inosanganisira mukati uye kunze. Pakati pavo pane connective tissue. Iyo endoderm inoumba intestinal cavity, iyo inobatanidza kune imwe chete kuvhura. Izvi ndizvo zvese zvinogona kutaurwa nezve chimiro chemhuka iyi.

Coelenterates haina nhengo dzakashongedzerwa, uye iyo chete yekuvhura inoita nemuromo uye nekumashure mabasa panguva imwe chete. Vanoshayawo kutenderera uye kubuda.

6. Asexual uye zvepabonde nzira yekubereka

Coelenterates ine yakanyanya asexual kubereka nzira - budding.. Asi ivo vanogona zvakare kuberekana pabonde, izvi zvinoitika kazhinji mukudonha.. Mhuka dzematumbo dzinogona kushandura nzira yekubereka: chimwe chizvarwa chinoshandisa budding, imwe - kubereka pabonde.

Mapolyps anopa kwete chete kuchizvarwa chinotevera chepolyps, asiwo kune jellyfish, iyo inosiya vana vachishandisa nzira yepabonde.

5. Matende eanemone ane furrowed ane dhayamita 1,5 m

Imwe mhando ye coelenterates yakakwanisa kuputsa rekodhi yehupamhi hwematenti. Matende eanemone ane furrowed, achimonereka senyoka, anosvika pakureba kwemamita 1,5.. Nenzira, mhando iyi inofambidzana zvakanaka mu aquariums. Nokuda kwezvinangwa izvi, vanogona kununurwa zvakachengeteka kunyange kubva kumakungwa ari kure zvikuru.

Unogona kuzviona muGungwa reMediterranean kana Atlantic Ocean. Iyi mhuka yemugungwa inodyiwa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero kweSpain, uko inonzi “nettle duku yegungwa»nekuda kwezvinhu zvinosemesa mukubika.

4. MaHydra anoonekwa seasingafi

Hydra chisikwa chidiki chinoshamisa chakawana mukurumbira nekuda kwechinhu chayo chisina kujairika. Kana iwe ukacheka iyo hydra muzvikamu zvakati wandei, saka semhedzisiro zvikamu izvi zvinoshanduka kuita zvipenyu zvitsva. Ndosaka vachimuti haafi.. Hupenyu hwese hunogona kudzoreredzwa kubva kune akaparadzana zvidimbu zvemuviri (zvisingasviki 1/100 yevhoriyamu), kubva kuzvidimbu zvematenti, uye zvakare kubva pakumiswa kwemasero. Chiitiko chakadaro musainzi chinonzi biological immortality.

Mumashoko akajeka, mhuka dzakadaro hadzife nekukwegura, asi dzinogona kufa chete kubva kune chimwe chinhu chekunze. Pamusana pekuti chisikwa chinogona kuurayiwa, hazvigoni kutaurwa kuti hydra ine kusafa.

3. Makorari anoda chiedza chezuva

Wese munhu akanyura kana kungoona zvirongwa nezve yakasarudzika pasi pemvura pasirese anofanira kunge akaona makorari asina kujairika. Vanoita ngano chaiyo kubva pakadzika pegungwa. Makorari ematombo anokura zvakanaka pakudzika kusvika pamamita makumi mashanu, sezvo chiedza chezuva chichikosha kwavari, saka mvura inofanira kunge yakachena.. Zvisinei nekuti sunbeam inogona kupinda pakadzika 180 metres, makorari haakure zvakanaka ipapo.

Ndiwo ecosystem yakasarudzika pasirese, inongofukidza 0,1% chete yepasi pemakungwa epasirese. Iyo inonyanya kukosha yemuviri uye biochemical maitiro akabatana nephotosynthesis, ndosaka iwo akagadzirwa zvakanyanya mumvura isina kudzika.

2. Zoantaria Palythoa - iyo yakanyanya njodzi korari

Makorari ane palytoxin, chimwe chezvinhu zvine muchetura zvakanyanya kuwanikwa muchisikirwo. Palitoxin inogadzirwa nekuda kweiyo symbiosis ye zoanatria ine dinoflagellate microalgae. Zvisikwa zvipenyu zvakawanda zvinodya pamhando iyi ye coelenterates kana zviri musymbiosis nazvo zvinogonawo kuunganidza ichi chinhu chine njodzi.

VaAborigine vanobva kuchitsuwa cheTahiti vakashandisa korari kugadzira zvombo zvine chepfu uye zvinouraya kubvira kare. Palitoxin yakatanga kuwanikwa muna 1971 chete, zvisinei nekuti makorari avepo kwezviuru zvemakore.. Ichi chinhu zvakare ndicho chakaomesesa chemakemikari musanganiswa mune zvakasikwa. Muchetura kune mhuka dzese dzine ropa rinodziya, kunyanya makonzo, tsoko, tsuro nevanhu. Iyo yakasimba chepfu yeasiri mapuroteni hunhu.

1. Cyanea capillata - mumiririri mukuru weboka

Iyi jellyfish ine mazita akawanda: Arctic cyanoea, cyanoea capillata, ine mvere or maneja weshumba, asi zvose zvinoreva mumiririri mukuru weboka rematumbo. Iwo matende anosvika kureba angangoita 40 metres, dhayamita yedome inokura kusvika 2,5 metres. Aya ma paramita anoita kuti Arctic cyanide ive mhuka yakareba kupfuura dzimwe dzose panyika..

Cyanide capillata ine marudzi akati wandei, asi nhamba chaiyo haisati yazivikanwa uye masayendisiti ari kushingaira kukakavara. Hukuru hwayo hunogona kufananidzwa neblue whale, iyo inoonekwa sechisikwa chakareba kupfuura zvese panyika. Kureba kwayo kunogona kusvika mamita makumi matatu, saka zvakanaka chaizvo kuti icyanide capillata inoti ndiyo mhuka yakareba kupfuura dzose.

Anogara mumvura inotonhora uye anogona kuwanikwa kumahombekombe eAustralia, asi huwandu hwavo hwepamusoro hunogara muPacific neAtlantic makungwa. Inosvika pakureba kwayo muArctic, mumvura inodziya kukura kwayo hakupfuuri avhareji.