Mazai eTurtle (pamuviri nekukandira): kunzwisisa sei kuti turtle ine pamuviri, kuti mazai anoiswa sei uye chii chinosarudza zvepabonde re embryo

Turtles dzine oviparous. Muzvisikwa, "mwaka wedare" unowira muchirimo, uye mukutapwa vanokwanisa kubereka gore rose, asi kashoma kuunza vana. Kana mamiriro acho akakodzera, saka hapana zvipingamupinyi zvekubatana uye kuisa mazai. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo, mukadzi haana hanya nechizvarwa chemangwana: turtles imwe chete inopona. Mukutapwa, iyi nzira inogona kuteverwa uye mhuri yakazara-yakazara turtle inogona kukura.

The mating process uye nhumbu

Muzvisikwa, turtles dzinokura pabonde nemakore 8-10. Asi nguva iyi inoenderana nemhando uye mukutapwa inoderedzwa nemakore 2-3: mukadzi anogona kuunza vana kare. 1 murume uye 2-3 vakadzi vanoiswa mu terrarium. Ivo vanogadzira mamiriro akakodzera nekuchengetedza tembiricha uye hunyoro, uye kumirira kukwirisa. Artificial insemination yekamba inoitwa, asi haibatsiri uye inodhura. Kazhinji insemination yeArtificial insemination inoitwa kune zvisingawanzoitiki.

Kuti unzwisise kuti turtle ine pamuviri, unogona kushandisa palpation pakati pemakumbo uye shell. Munzvimbo ino, unogona kunzwa kuvapo kwemazai. Kana muine kupokana, “amai vamangwana” vanoiswa x-ray.

Kubata pamuviri kunotora mwedzi miviri, nguva imwechete yenguva inoshandiswa pakukura mazai mune incubator. Kana mukadzi asingakwanisi kuwana nzvimbo yakakodzera yekusununguka, saka mimba inogona kunonoka.

Turtle ine pamuviri inoda kuparadzaniswa kubva kune murume, nokuti mushure mekusangana anoita zvehasha uye anokwanisa kukuvadza musikana wake. Iwe unogona zvakare kuona kuti turtle ine nhumbu nemaitiro ayo:

• anozvibata asingazorori;
• anodya zvisina kunaka kana kuramba zvokudya;
• chera kunze ndima.

Ongorora: Kana mhuka dzisiri kukurumidza kusangana, saka iwe unofanirwa kugadzira makwikwi nekudyara vaviri varume mune imwe terrarium. Vanotanga kurwisana nemoyo we "mukadzi akanaka", uye turtle inova nepamuviri kwete kubva kune yakasimba, asi kubva kune chero ipi zvayo yavanoda.

Nzira yekugadzirisa sei nzvimbo yekugara?

Masvondo maviri kusati kwatanga kubereka, turtle inotanga kusarudza nzvimbo yakakodzera iyo yakakodzera kukura kwevana vemangwana. Kamba dzinokandira mazai adzo kana dzine chokwadi chokuti akachengeteka. Zvadaro, anofanira kuvaviga, uye nokuda kweizvi anoda ivhu rakadzika uye rakasununguka.

Nguruve dzenyika hadzina dambudziko: dzinochera gomba muchimiro chedenderedzwa uye dzinotanga nzira yekukandira mazai. Kune vagari vemumvura, zvinodikanwa kuisa chigadziko chine ivhu rakawanda (jecha rine vermiculite), iro rakapetwa ka2 saizi yemunhu, kuti ipe mvura nyore kuwana.

Vhidhiyo: chii chaunofanira kuita mushure mokunge turtle-yered turtle yaisa mazai

Kuberekwa kwemwana

Muchisikigo, turtle embryo inoradzikwa muzhizha uye kusati kwaumbwa goko, kubereka kunofanira kuitika. "Amai vanotarisira" vanogadzirira nzvimbo yemasoni kubva pamaminitsi makumi matatu kusvika kumaawa matatu, zvichienderana nekuwanda kwevhu. Inogara ichitenderera, izvo zvinoita kuti gomba ritenderere. Inobvisa "dendere" rakagadzirirwa nemvura yakakosha kubva kune cloacal blisters.

Kuberekwa kwekamba kunotanga nechokwadi chokuti inorembera mitezo yayo yemashure pamusoro pekuora mwoyo kwakagadzirirwa mujecha, uye mushure memaminitsi akawanda ekusafamba, reptile inoisa mazai. Kana testicle yekutanga ichionekwa kubva ku cloaca, mhuka inomanikidza uye inokotamisa makumbo ayo eshure kuitira kuti inyure zvakasununguka kusvika pasi. Ipapo kamba inotendeuka zvishoma uye zai rinotevera rinoonekwa. Nguva iri pakati pekuonekwa kwevana vemangwana inobva pamaminitsi akawanda kusvika pahafu yeawa. Turtle mazai akagoverwa zvakaenzana pamucheto wegomba.

Kamba dzinobereka kwemaawa akawanda. Mushure mokubereka, reptile inorara kwenguva yakati, mushure mezvo inoviga masonry nerubatsiro rwemakumbo ayo. Zvadaro inorara pamusoro pemasonry, ichiiputira neplastron. Chirongwa chine vana vanotevera chinoratidza weti nemashizha. Haisi tsika yekutarisira mazai uye kumirira kuwedzera kumhuri yehutu.

Pane mapikicha ari paInternet anoratidza kuti kamba dzechirume dzinokandira sei mazai. Asi uku kutevedzera: varume mumutumbi havana magadzirirwo apo zai rinogona kukura. Fertilization inoitika mu cloaca yemukadzi, uye kwete zvinopesana.

Izvi zvinonakidza: Kamba dzemugungwa dzinokandira mazai munzvimbo dzadzinobva. Dzimwe nguva njere dzinodzifambisa kwemakiromita zana uye dzinoita kuti vadzoke gore negore. Kana mukadzi ane pfungwa yengozi, zvino anomirira mumvura, uye anoenda kumhenderekedzo imwe chete. Maitiro akadaro anofanotaurwa anowira mumaoko evanovhima zvisiri pamutemo vanotora chigadzirwa chisingawanzo kutengeswa.

Kukura uye nhamba yemazai

Mazai mangani angakwanisa kubereka reptile? Pamba, anorara kubva pa2 kusvika ku6 testicles, muzvisikwa nhamba yavo inogona kunge yakawanda. Huwandu hwemazai ayo turtle inogona kukandira inoenderana nemhando dzayo uye nemamiriro ekunze akanaka. Pane muenzaniso apo imwe turtle yakakwanisa kuisa mazai mazana maviri, asi izvi ndizvo zvakasiyana, kwete mutemo.

Iyo yakakura turtles, iyo yakakura mienzaniso mu clutch. Zvechokwadi, havasviki hukuru hukuru: uremu hwavo hunobva pa5 kusvika ku60 g. Mhando dzakawanda dzekamba dzegungwa dzinosvika pakukura kwepabonde chete mushure memakore makumi matatu. Nenguva yemakore 30-2, vanoviga mazai 5-60 mujecha. Mienzaniso yemasonry yemamwe marudzi:

• iyo turtle-yered turtle inoisa 6-10 mienzaniso inenge 4 cm muhupamhi;
• hofori - 4-14 mazai mu clutch;
• Central Asia - 2-6 zvidimbu;
• nzou - kusvika makopi makumi maviri nemaviri anorema 22 g;
• stellate - 3-6 mazai;
• swamp - kusvika 20 zvidimbu;
• girini - anosvika 100 embryos mugoko.

Huwandu hwema clutches pagore hunoenderana nekuwanda kwevanhu. Nenhamba shoma yevakadzi vanova nepamuviri kakawanda mumwaka. Kana paine vanhu vazhinji, saka turtle inogona kutora zororo pakati pemakochi emakore akati wandei. Pane chimiro: marudzi evhu anokandira kusvika mazai gumi, asi kakawanda pagore. Vagari vezvipenyu zvegungwa vanowana vana vakakura - kubva pa10 kusvika ku30, asi kuberekwa kunoitika zvishoma. Asi iyi ndiyo ruzivo rwese: zvese zvinoenderana nemhando chaiyo.

Zai rekamba rine denderedzwa, rinofananidzwa nemabhora eping-pong. Dzimwe nguva kune zvienzaniso zvakarebesa zvishoma, oblong. Iyo goko rakaoma rakavezwa chena, rinogona kunge riine cream shades. Mazai eimwe turtles anotaridzika asina kujairika: akakomberedzwa neganda rakapfava reganda. Kana iyo turtle yakaisa zai pasina goko, saka chikafu chekuwedzera chakanga chisina mamineral components kana mugari we terrarium haana kuzvifarira.

Cherechedza: Kamba inokwanisa kukandira mazai pasina murume, ichigara yega. Asi hadzina fetireza, dzisina chinhu uye kuedza kurera kamba kunokundikana.

Kumirira vana

Mushure mokunge "amai-va-amai" vasiya clutch yake, mazai anonyatsobviswa uye anoendeswa kune incubator. Kana turtle yemvura yakaisa clutch yayo zvakananga mudziva, saka inofanira kukurumidza kubviswa. Mushure memaawa mashoma, embryo inozarirwa pasina oxygen.

Kwemaawa 5-6, mazai haagoni kupindurwa pasi uye zviri nani kuaisa mu incubator munzvimbo imwechete. Kuti uite izvi, chiratidzo chinogadzirwa pamusoro peganda nepenzura yakapfava inoratidza nzvimbo uye zuva.

Kana turtle yakaisa zai pasina murume, saka hapana embryo mukati, zviri mukati memasoni zvinongoraswa kure. Apo kuberekwa kwakaitika kazhinji uye mukati me "imba duku" kune turtle embryo, zvino mumwedzi 2-3 chizvarwa chitsva chichaberekwa. Kwemazuva akati wandei, kana zvichidikanwa, vanogona kurara mubhokisi mukamuri mamiriro pasina kukuvadza kune hutano.

Cherechedza: Turtles hadzina hunhu hwaamai zvachose. Mukadzi anokwanisa kudya zai rake kana kukuvadza mwana mudiki, saka mazai anobviswa pachine nguva, uye huturu huchangozvarwa hunochengetwa hwakaparadzana nevakuru.

Machende anoiswa mumatireyi akakosha kana kuchinjirwa ne peat uye sawdust, pasina kushandura nzvimbo yavo. Iyo incubator inogona kugadzirwa yakazvimirira. Ichi chigadzirwa chinosanganisira:

• kubva mubhokisi repurasitiki kana girazi;
• cuvette ine mazai akaiswa ne substrate;
• mudziyo une mvura kuti uwedzere hunyoro;
• heater kuchengetedza tembiricha isingaperi.

Mazai eTurtle akavharirwa pakupisa kwe +29,5-+31,5C kwemazuva 60-100. Munguva ino, hazvidikanwi kuvabata nemaoko ako kana kuvashandura. Pakutonhora kwakadzika, embryo inokura zvishoma nezvishoma uye haikwanisi kuberekwa; pakupisa kwakanyanya, kuremara kwakasiyana kunoitika. Uhu hwehutori hwemangwana hunoenderana nehutongi hwekushisa.

Munguva yeincubation, kukura kwe embryo kunonyatsotariswa kune:

• kuonekwa kwe mold pamusoro pemazai, inofanira kubviswa nebrashi yakapfava;
• kutendeuka kwakaringana, kana zvichidikanwa, wozotendeuka chete munzvimbo yakachinjika;
• makopi asina, anofanira kubviswa;
• kuonekwa kwenhunzi kana honye - simbura incubator uye uise ivhu idzva;
• kugara kwemhepo: kamwe chete mazuva maviri;
• accumulated condensate: madonhwe emvura anofanira kubviswa.

Zvinokosha: Zai rekamba harigoni kumonyoroka panzvimbo yakamira, nokuti rine embryo uye yolk mukati isingazorori patambo. Kana yakapidiguka, yolk inogona kupwanya kana kukuvadza embryo.

Chii chinoratidza kuti kamba ibonde sei?

Munguva yeincubation, imwe tembiricha yemhando inochengetedzwa. Kana iri pamwero we + 27С, ipapo varume vachaputika, pa + 31С - vakadzi chete. Izvi zvinoreva kuti bonde rekamba rinoenderana nekupisa. Kana ichidziya kune rumwe rutivi rweincubator, uye madhigirii mashomanana anotonhorera kune imwe, ipapo vana vachave vakasiyana-siyana.

Pasinei nehuwandu hunokosha hwemazai akaiswa, vashomanana chete ndivo vanopona mune zvakasikwa. Iyi nzira yekubereka haisi yakanaka kune vamiririri vemhuka: 1 kubva pa100 turtles anoberekwa anokura kusvika kune munhu mukuru. Pasinei nekugara kwenguva refu, huwandu hwekamba huri kuramba huchiderera. Uye "chikara" chinonyanya kukosha chinoparadza mhuka dzakasiyana nevana vadzo venguva yemberi munhu.