Ndiani aipingudza njiva uye shiri dzepanyika idzi dzaishandiswa nei

Yakagara yakasimba zvakasimba mupfungwa dzevanhu kuti njiva shiri inofananidzira rugare, mufaro, rudo. Hazvisi pasina kuti tsika yekuisa njiva mbiri mudenga, iyo inofananidzira ramangwana rinofadza remhuri yechidiki, iri kuwedzera kuve yakakurumbira pamichato.

History of domestication

Maererano nevamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika, njiva dzokutanga dzakapfuyiwa dzakaonekwa muIjipiti. Vamwe vanyori venhoroondo vanoti vakapingudzwa nevaSumer vekare. Iyo vhezheni yeEgypt inoratidzwa nemifananidzo yakasiiwa nebudiriro yekare, yakanyorwa zviuru zvishanu zvemakore BC.

Munhoroondo yeSumerian, kutaurwa kwenjiva kwakawanikwa pamahwendefa eSumerian cuneiform akanyorwa makore angangoita 4500 BC.

Njiva dzaishandiswa sei?

Saka unogona kusarudza nzira dzinoverengeka umo shiri iyi yave ichishandiswa kubva kare.

• Inoshandiswa pakudya.
• Inoshandiswa mumitambo yechitendero sechibayiro.
• Inoshandiswa senhume dzeposvo.
• Inoshandiswa sechiratidzo chekunaka kwechiedza chenyika yerufaro.

Vanhu vekare vakawanikwa mune idzi shiri kusazvibata kumamiriro ekuvharirwa, kubereka kwakanaka uye nyama inonaka. Naizvozvo, padanho rekutanga, shiri iyi yaidyiwa. Nhanho inotevera yehukama neshiri iyi yakatanga mumadzinza eSumer. Vakanga vakura nokuda kwezvibayiro zvetsika. Vaiva vaSumer vekare vakatanga kushandisa shiri idzi sevatumwa. Uye ipapo vaIjipita vakatanga kuzvishandisa zvakafanana pavakafamba nzendo dzegungwa.

Gare gare shiri idzi aidiwa pasi rose uye akava mufananidzo. MuBhabhironi neAsiria, njiva chena sechando dzaiberekwa, dzairangarirwa kuva mwarikadzi worudo, Astarte. Pakati pevaGiriki vekare, shiri iyi ine bazi remuorivhi mumuromo wayo yaifananidzira rugare. Vanhu vokuMabvazuva Yekare vaiva nechokwadi chokuti njiva inofananidzira kurarama kwenguva refu. MuchiKristu, njiva yakatanga kumiririra Mweya Mutsvene.

Mashoko okuti “Njiva shiri yorugare” akatanga kukosha munyika yose pashure peHondo Yenyika II, pakasarudzwa shiri chena ine bazi remuchindwe sechiratidzo cheCongress yoRugare muna 1949.

Hondo nenjiva

Mushure mekutora ruzivo rwevanhu vekare munguva yehondo dzepasi rose, Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga neChipiri, njiva dzakaiswa zvakare kune bhizinesi reposvo. Kusakwana kwemichina yekurukurirano yazvino uno yamakore iwayo yakatimanikidza kurangarira uyu mutoo wekare uye wakabvumikiswa.

Hongu, njiva yakaponesa zviuru zvevanhu, ichikurumidza kusvitsa shoko kwayaienda. Zvakanakira kushandisa mapositi akadaro zvaive pachena. Shiri yaisada mari yekutarisirwa uye yekuigadzirisa. Yakanga isingaonekwe panharaunda yemuvengi, zvakaoma kufungidzira muvengi kubatana mune iyi shiri yakajairika. Akaendesa mameseji, achisarudza nzira ipfupi kuenda kuchinangwa, uye munhu wese anoziva kuti muhondo, kunonoka kwakafanana nerufu.

Ko njiva inotora nzvimbo ipi munyika yanhasi

Panguva ino yehukama pakati penjiva nemunhu, shiri iyi yatora nzvimbo isina kwayakarerekera. Panguva ino Usadya, usashandise mumitambo yechitendero, usatumira netsamba. Yakarasa kukosha kwayo kwese uye inoshandiswa chete pakushongedza kwekubereka.

Mumaguta emazuva ano, njiva dzinoungana mumapoka uye, sekutonga, dzinoda kubhururuka kuenda kunzvimbo dzepakati, uko dzinodyiswa nevanhu veguta uye vaenzi veguta. MuEurope, nzvimbo dzakati wandei dzakatoonekwa dzakaoma kufungidzira pasina boka renjiva dzakapfava.

Somuenzaniso, muSt. Mark's Square mune rinonyatsozivikanwa seguta rinonyanya kudanana reVenice, vanhu vasingaverengeki vevarume nevakadzi vakagara pasi kwenguva yakareba uye kwenguva refu. Iye zvino vava chiratidzo chechikwere ichi chikuru, uye vashanyi vose vanoedza kudyisa shiri nemaoko avo uye kutora nguva yekuyeuka, nekamera kana vhidhiyo kamera.

Michato yakawanda ikozvino inoshandisa chiratidzo ichi chekuchena, mufaro, kugara zvakanaka, kusunungura, sekutonga, vamiririri vachena vemhuri yenjiva mushure mekuita tsika yekuroorana. Combinations chipfeko chichena chemuroora nenjiva chena mumaoko zvinoratidzika zvakanyanya uye hazvigoni kusiya zvisina hanya.

Hazvibviri kusacherechedza chimwe chinhu cheshiri iyi, iyo panguva imwechete inobatsira uye inokuvadza. Ndezvetsvina yeshiri. Kune rumwe rutivi, iyi organic substance yakagara ichizivikanwa seimwe yeakanakisa mafetireza ekudya kwezvirimwa. Kune rimwe divi, kuzadza maguta uye kutora fancy kune zvinotaridzika, izvi zvisikwa zvine mapapiro zvinosiya zviratidzo zvekuvapo kwavo kwese kwese. Mune mamwe maguta, iyi yave njodzi chaiyo, iyo yavari kuedza nayo munzira dzese kurwisa.

Kubereka vanhu vekushongedza

Sezvo kunaka kwenjiva kusingasiyi vakawanda vasina hanya, kune vakawanda vanoda vanobereka marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekushongedza njiva.

Kazhinji inoberekwa rudzi rumwe kana kuti akati wandei mumakore. Nyanzvi dzinosiyanisa mitsetse miviri yekuberekesa.

• Kuyambuka. Sezvinoreva zita, kuyambuka kunosanganisira kuburikidza nekusarudza kuwana kuvandudzwa mune chero hunhu pakati pemhando dzakasiyana.
• Purebred. Uye kubereka kwakachena ndiko chishuwo chekuvandudza rudzi nekubvisa vanhu vasina kunaka uye kuyambuka chete vamiriri vemhando yepamusoro.

Vamiriri vakanaka kwazvo verudzi vanogara vachiendeswa kumaratidziro, kwavanoongororwa zvinoenderana neyakagadzika paramita.

Parizvino pane kwete chiuru chemarudzi akasiyana, vazhinji vacho vanongofanana nemadzitateguru avo.

Nokudaro, kushanduka kweukama hwevatengi pakati pemunhu nenjiva kwapinda muchikamu chehukama hwakanaka uye hwekuremekedza. Vanhu vakaziva iyi shiri yakanaka sechiratidzo cherugare nomufaro.