Mhou nhema-uye-chena mombe dzemukaka: zvakanakira, zvisingabatsiri uye kubereka

Mumapurazi eRussia, pakati pemhando yemhou, mhando dzemukaka dzinopa zvibereko zvakakura kwazvo zvemukaka hazvina kunyanya kuwanda. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, imwe inonakidza, motley-black rudzi rwakaonekwa, iyo panguva ino inotora nzvimbo yechitatu maererano nekugoverwa mushure memhando dzakadai semombe tsvuku uye Simmental. Rudzi rwakasviba-uye-chena runoberekerwa muRussia yose.

Kwakabva mombe nhema nechena

Madzitateguru emhou dzakadaro vamiririri veDutch neEast Frisian. Zvese zvakakonzera kuti muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX nerechiXNUMX kwakabuda rudzi rutsva muNetherlands: mamiriro ekunze akapfava, hutano hwakanaka, uye kufarira kwevagadziri kupfuya mombe dzemukaka.

Pakutanga, mhuka dzakadaro dzaisiyaniswa nekukanganiswa kukuru kune zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, kudzivirirwa kusina simba, muviri usina simba, kunyange zvazvo vakapa mukaka wakawanda. Zvisinei, nekuda kwekubatsira kwevarimi, nezana remakore rechimakumi maviri vakave vakasimba, uye unhu hwenyama yavo hwakawedzerawo.

Vamiririri vekutanga vemhou nhema-machena vakaonekwa muhurumende yeRussia pakupera kwezana remakore re1917 mune mamwe mapurazi evaridzi. Nekudaro, chete mushure meXNUMX Masayendisiti eSoviet akaona kugona kukuru mumhou dzakadaro, semugumisiro wekuti vakatanga kukurumidza kukunda nzvimbo mumapurazi evarimi.

Muna 1959, pakukumbira kwevaridzi veSoviet, mombe dzine mavara madema dzakasarudzwa semhando yakasiyana.

Kuonekwa kwemombe nhema-chena

Zita rerudzi rwakabva paruvara rwemhou: ganda dema remhuka rakafukidzwa nemavara machena akarongeka akasiyana siyana.

Pamusoro peiyo ine simba yemuviri hunhu hwevamiriri vemukaka weiyo oblong body, rudzi urwu rune mamwe maitiro ekuonekwa:

• musoro wakareba une muromo wakareba, nyanga dzegrey dzine ruvara rwakasviba kumigumo;
• kureba kuri pakati nepakati, mutsipa usina tsandanyama zvese zvakapetwa;
• chipfuva hachina kunyanyofara;
• musana wakanyatsoenzana, une chiuno chakatwasuka uye sacrum yakafara;
• mitezo yakaenzana, yakasimba, yakatsiga;
• dumbu rakaputika, mboro yakaita kapu, mazamu asina kuenzana, mazamu ekumashure ari pedyo zvakanyanya.

Kureba pakusvava kwemombe yemukaka i130-132 cm.

Zvichienderana nenzvimbo dzekugara, rudzi urwu rune marudzi akasiyana:

• mhou dzinobva kunharaunda yepakati penyika dzinosiyaniswa nechimiro chakakura. Mhou yakakura inorema 550-650 kg, uye nzombe inorema 900-1000 kg, uye mune dzimwe nguva kunyange kupfuura. Nokudaro, kunze kwemukaka, mhuka idzi dzinopawo nyama yakawanda.
• Ural mhuka kuve nemhando yakaoma yebumbiro, zvichiita kuti chitarisiko chakajeka uye chinopindirana.
• mhou dzinobva kuSiberia dzakanyanya kudiki pane mhuka dzinobva kumatunhu epakati uye haina kuonda sevanhu vanobva kuUrals. Ivhareji inorema yemumiririri mukuru ndeye 500-560 kg.

Kubudirira maitiro

Mhuru nhema nechena dzinorema 37 kg (mhuru) uye 42 kg (mhuru) pakuberekwa. Vanoda kudya, saka zuva nezuva vanorema 600-800 g imwe neimwe. Nekudya kwakawanda, mhuru dzinogona kuwedzera kilogiramu pazuva. Pamwedzi gumi nemishanu, uremu hwevacheche hwatopfuura 15 kg. Mwana mukuru anogona kurema 420 kg. Nzombe diki dzinogona kudya zvekuti dzinosangana nevezera radzo dzerudzi rwenyama nekurema.

Pasinei nenzvimbo yekugara, nzombe dzinosvika kurema 900 kg, uye dzimwe nguva dzinopfuura tani. Mhou yemukaka yakakura zvakare inorema uye huremu hwayo hunobva pa500-650 kg.

Zvakanaka kuti mhedzisiro yakadaro inowanikwa pasina mutengo wakakwira wekutenga yakakosha concentrates. Zhizha mhuka dzinofura pamafuro manyoro, munguva yechando vanodya uswa nezvinonhuhwira zvinonaka.

Rudzi urwu runokosheswa nenyaya yekuti mombe dzinopa goho rakakura kwazvo. Mhuka dzinogara mumatunhu akasiyana enyika dzinosiyana muzviratidzo zvakasiyana zvegoho remukaka. Izvi zvinokanganiswa kwete chete nemamiriro ekunze enharaunda yekugara, asiwo nemamiriro ekuchengetedza uye kudya.

Mhuka dzemukaka dzemapurazi ekurera ari pakati peRussia dzinoburitsa kusvika 8000 kg yemukaka pagore, ine mafuta anosvika 3,7% uye mapuroteni ane 3,0 kusvika 3,2%. Mhou dzemukaka kubva kunharaunda yeSiberia dzinewo nhamba dzakanaka: mapurazi epamusoro anogamuchira 8000 kg yemukaka pagore, zvisinei, mafuta ayo anosvika 3,9%, mapuroteni - 3%. Mukutaura kwegoho remukaka, mhuka dzeUral dzakaderera kune mhou kubva kuSiberia uye nzvimbo dzepakati, dzichipa 2 kg yemukaka pagore nemafuta e5500% uye mapuroteni ane 4%. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akanaka, mhou dzinokwanisa kupa 3,47-3000 kg yemukaka.

Aya maitiro ane hukama kune mumwe nemumwe. Semuyenzaniso, Mafuta emukaka zvakananga zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwegoho remukaka., uye iyo, zvakare, zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwehuremu hwehupenyu, hunoenderana nehuwandu hwekudya kunopedzwa.

Zvakanakira uye zvisingabatsiri zvemhou nhema-uye-chena

Mhou dzerudzi urwu, sevamiriri vakanakisa vekutungamira kwemukaka, kuunza pundutso yakawanda kuvarimi kubva pakutengeswa kwezvinhu zvemukaka. Zvakare, varimi vazhinji vanovimba nekugona kwavo kunoshamisa kukurumidza kuwedzera uremu.

Mukuwedzera, rudzi urwu rune zvimwe zvakanakira:

• Hutano hwakanaka;
• kukwanisa kukurumidza kugadzirisa munzvimbo itsva;
• mwero precocity nekugona kuvaka tsandanyama misa nekudya chikafu chine chidiki chidiki chekuwedzera additives;
• mukaka wakakora uye nyama yakaonda.

Kune mhou dzakadaro uye dzakaipa. Ivo, hongu, havakoshi, asi varimi vari kurwisana navo. Zviri sezvinotevera:

• kubvisa misiyano mikuru pakati pemhando dzemhando;
• kusikwa kwemhuka dzakareba uye huru;
• kuwedzera kwehuwandu zviratidzo zvezvibereko zvemukaka;
• kuwedzera kwemafuta emukaka uye mapuroteni ari mairi.

Mukuwedzera, mhou dzinoshingaira kupindura kune mafungiro akanaka kwaari. Kuchengetwa kwemhando yepamusoro kunomubatsira kuti asanduke kuita mhou inopa goho remukaka wepamusoro. Kana mafungiro kwaari asina hanya, saka zvibereko zvemukaka zvakanyanya hazvifaniri kutarisirwa.

mhedziso

Varimi vekumba vanofarira zvikuru mombe dzeblack-motley, saka unogona kuzvitenga munzvimbo ipi neipi nyika yedu. Muridzi wemombe yakadai haafanire kukanganwa kuti iyi ichiri rudzi rwakakura runoda kamuri rakakura, pamwe nehuwandu hwehuswa nehuswa. Iko kuedza, mari uye nguva inoiswa mariri inofanirwa kubhadhara uye kushanduka kuita purofiti yakanaka.