Brocade pterygoplicht - maficha ekutarisira uye kugadzirisa, kuenderana nedzimwe hove uye zvimwe zvinhu + mufananidzo

Nhoroondo uye maficha ebrocade pterygoplicht

Brocade pterygoplichthys (Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps) ihove yemvura yakachena ray-finned (chain catfish family). Yakatanga kutsanangurwa naKner naGünther muna 1854. Iyi mhuka yakagoverwa pterygoplichts muna 1980. Uye muna 2003 yakarongerwa seglyptoperichthy. Iri hove dzeketani dzetsamba dzinodanwa zvakasiyana: catfish, ingwe glyptopericht, pterik, nezvimwewo).

Pterik ihove yakasimba, yakasimba. Omnivorous, asi inodyisa kunyanya kune algae, saka 1-2 hove inogona kuchengetedza yakakura aquarium yakachena. Sezvo catfish ine mararamiro epasi, hairegeredze zvakaora (munzvimbo yayo yakasikwa).

Brocade catfish inoda kurara pamatombo

Iyi catfish inowanikwa kuSouth America. Kufanana nedzimwe catfish, inogara mumvura isina kudzika yenzizi (Amazon, Orinoco, Xingu, nezvimwewo). Anoda mvura inononoka uye nzvimbo dzakazara nemvura. Kana mwaka wakaoma ukasvika, ipapo catfish inorara. Kuti avete, anosarudza mapako maanogona kuvanda mumatope. Parizvino, mhando dzakawanda dzepterygoplicht dzinotengeswa muzvitoro zvemhuka (kusvika kumarudzi zana).

Chitarisiko Chitarisiko

Pterik ihove huru. Munzvimbo yakasikwa, inogona kukura kusvika 50-60 centimita. Catfish yakadaro inozivikanwa sehupenyu hurefu (nguva yehupenyu inopfuura makore makumi maviri). Mumamiriro ezvinhu e aquarium, pterik inorarama kusvika kumakore gumi nemashanu. Kukura kwayo kunoenderana nehuwandu hweiyo aquarium. Pterygoplichts inouya mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana. Mutumbi wehove wakatsetseka zvishoma kubva kumusoro uye wakafukidzwa nendiro dzakaoma, iyo iyo catfish yakanzi chain mail. Dumbu rehove yakadaro rakatsetseka, risina kupfeka. Brocade catfish inosiyaniswa neiyo yakakwira dorsal fin (kureba - kusvika 20 centimita, ine gumi kana kupfuura rays). Maziso ari kumusoro mumusoro.

Muromo wekatfish wakatsetseka, wakareba

Nenzira, vechidiki brocade catfish vanotaridzika zvakafanana kune vakuru. Pamuromo wepterik pane mhino huru dzakakura. Musoro wakareba (kureba kwemusoro kwakaenzana nekureba kwemwaranzi wekutanga pane dorsal fin). Muvara wemuviri wakasviba, une mitsara uye mapatani ematoni akareruka (yellowish, grey nemamwe mimvuri). Chimiro chacho chakada kufanana neruvara rwengwe. Makwapa acho akakura pamuviri pane mumusoro nezvimbi.

Ruvara uye patani pamuviri wehove zvinogona kuchinja nekukura. Zvakare, shanduko idzi dzinokanganiswa nemamiriro ekuvharirwa. Masikirwo ehove anorongwa nenzira yekuti anoenderana nemhoteredzo yadzinogara.

Muromo wehove uri muchimiro chekuyamwa. Catfish inogona kunamatira zvakasimba kune chimwe chinhu zvokuti zvichave zvakaoma kuibvisa zvakachengeteka. Pazasi pemuromo pane ganda rakapetwa kaviri, mipendero yaro inopinda zvakanaka muantennae.

Ziso rekatfish (kunze kwemudzidzi) rinogonawo kuonekwa

Kusarudza zvepabonde zvehove iyi hakusi nyore, asi zvinogoneka (kunyange pazera duku). Saizi yemurume inogara yakakura zvishoma, uye zvimbi zvake zvakareba. Mukuwedzera, mapectoral fins emurume ane spikes, nepo vakadzi vasina. Rudzi rwemadzimai rwakati piriviri zvishoma. Nyanzvi dze aquarist dzinogona kusiyanisa pakati pevakadzi nevarume pteriks nepabonde (vakadzi vakuru vane papilla yepabonde).

Mhando dzakasiyana dze pterygoplichtov

Inonyanya kufarirwa pakati pevanoda catfish vakatsvuka, ndarama uye ingwe pterygoplichts. Asi kune mamwe akaenzana akanaka masubspecies anozivikanwa neaquarists:

• reticulated pterygoplicht (Pterygoplichthys disjunctivus);
• Joselman's pterygoplichthys (Pterygoplichthys joselimainus);
• yellow sailing pterygoplichthys (Pterygoplichthys weberi);
• brocade pterygoplicht (Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps).

Iyi catfish inogona kusiyaniswa kwete chete nevane ruzivo aquarists, asiwo neamateurs.

Tafura: misiyano mikuru pakati pe subspecies yepterygoplicht

Photo gallery: akasiyana subspecies

Iyo pateni iri pamuviri webrocade catfish ine mavara, akafanana nebrocade

Leopard catfish ine pateni hombe (mavara matema akatsvuka paseri pechiedza)

Chimiro chiri pamuviri wekatfish yakatsetseka chakafanana nemuzinga weuchi

Iyo yero pterygoplicht iri nyore kusiyanisa kubva kune dzimwe catfish nechimiro chemuswe uye geometric mapatani pamuswe.

Chinhu chakasiyana chePterygoplicht Yoselman chimiro chemavara (chiyeuchidzo chenzungu pods)

Ko pterygoplicht yakasiyana sei nedzimwe mhuka

Pterygoplichts dzimwe nguva inovhiringidzika nedzimwe hove dzepasi. Izvi zvinoshandiswa nevapfuri vasina hunhu. Nekudaro, kana tikanyatso tarisisa catfish, tinogona kuona hunhu hwemhando yega yega. Kazhinji, pterik inovhiringika neplecostomus (Hypostomus plecostomus).

Nzira iri nyore yekusiyanisa hove idzi padzinorara pazasi pe aquarium. Mu plecostomus, antennae dzakatetepa uye dzakareba, nepo dziri muperial dzakaita sekoni. Zvakare, Plecostomus haina ganda rakadaro rakapetwa sepaPterygoplicht. Iwe unogona zvakare kuterera kune mitsetse yediki spikes pamwe nemuviri wehove. Kune mitsara miviri yakadaro mumabrocades, iyo yepamusoro inotanga pakukwirira kwemaziso, uye mu plecostomuses chete mutsara wezasi, unotanga pamwero wepectoral fin, unonyatsooneka.

Mune plecostomus, iwe unogona kuona mutsara wemusana padivi remuviri

Catfish yakanamatira kumadziro akajeka eiyo aquarium inosiyaniswa nendebvu dzadzo. Mu plecostomus, antennae ane filiform, anenge asina ruvara, asi mupteri, antennae yakakura, yakaoma. Mukuwedzera, zvivharo zvegill zvePterygoplicht zvine mavara akajeka, izvo zvisingagoni kutaurwa nezvePlecostomus.

Brocade catfish inovhiringikawo neancistrus (Ancistrus). Mamwe maAmateur aquarist anochengeta hove idzi mune imwechete aquarium uye vangasaona mutsauko pakati padzo kwemakore akati wandei. Zvakaoma kuti usavavhiringidza pasina ruzivo rwakati, kunyanya kana hove dzine ruvara rwakafanana. Asi iwe unogona kusiyanisa iwo nechimiro chemuviri uye mamwe mashoko. Kana zera rehove rinenge rakafanana, ipapo musiyano uchava muhukuru. Muzvitoro zvezvipfuyo, unogona kuwana wechidiki Ancistrus anenge 2 masendimita kureba, uye Pteric - 3-4 masendimita. Uye kunewo nzvimbo yakajeka pamusoro pemuswe we ancistrus, nepo pterygoplicht isina chimiro chakadaro.

Kana iwe ukanyatsotarisisa, unogona kuona kuti muviri wehove nemuswe, sekunge, wakaparadzaniswa nemwenje wakachinjika mutsara.

Mukuwedzera, brocade catfish ine zvimbi zvakazaruka uye yakajeka, "yakaoma" rondedzero. Ancistrus inotaridzika yakapfava, chimiro chemuviri chinowedzera kurongeka.

Zvimiro zvekuchengetedza uye kutarisira

Brocade pterygoplichts inotaridzika kupenya uye inoshamisa, iyo yavanoda zvikuru maaquarists. Nemasikirwo, idzi catfish dzine rugare, asi dzinogona kurwisana nehama. Chikonzero chekukakavadzana kurwira hutungamiriri. Pteriks vari kushanda murima, uye muchiedza chezuva vanovanza pasi pezvimedu nemashizha emiti. Catfish inoda aquarium yakakura (1 brocade catfish - 200 litres). Icho chokwadi ndechekuti pterik haizokura mune diki aquarium. Iyo mhuka ichaedza kukura, asi pachave nenzvimbo shoma. Somugumisiro, dystrophy inogona kukura, uye izvi zvinokanganisa hove uye zvinoderedza nguva yehupenyu. Pamusoro pehukuru, mamwe manomano anokanganisawo kukura kwekatfish.

Nzira chete yekuwana kukurumidza zvakakwana kukura yakakwira (28 madhigirii) tembiricha yemvura uye inowanzoitika shanduko, yakasanganiswa nekuwanda (2 kanomwe pazuva) kudya. Chikafu chaive nespirulina, krill, seafood fillets, nezvimwewo, uye pterik yakadya zvese zve4 young Astronotus. Handina kurega kutsvaira madziro.

Alexander Kharchenko, muridzi wepterygoplicht

Mubrocade catfish, iyo circulatory system yeura inorongwa nenzira yekuti vanogonawo kutora mweya wemuchadenga. Kana hove isina mweya wakakwana, catfish inobuda yomedza bubble remhepo nemuromo wayo. Zvakadaro, unofanirwa kusefa zvakanaka uye kupa oxygen kumvura. Aeration (air saturation) uye kusefa zvinogona kurongwa uchishandisa midziyo yakakosha inotengeswa pane chero chitoro chemhuka. Uye zvakare, zvakakosha kwazvo kushongedza iyo aquarium nemhando dzese dzekugara (grottoes, mapako, nezvimwewo). Kana zvisingabviri kuisa "dzimba" dzakadaro, saka iwe unoda kutarisira kuvapo kwe-broad-leaved algae (catfish inogona kuvanza mumumvuri wavo).

Vhidhiyo: brocade catfish mune inotonhorera aquarium

Mvura parameters

Musango, pterygoplichts vanogara munzizi, saka vanoshandiswa kunyorovedza kufamba kwemvura. Kuyerera kusina simba kunogonawo kuitwa nesefa. Ichthyologists vanokurudzira zvinosungirwa mvura paramita:

• kutonhora - 24-30 ° C;
• alkalinity - 6,5-7,5 pH;
• kuoma kwepakati.

Zvakakoshawo kushandura mvura kamwechete pavhiki. Kuvandudza kukuru kwemvura hakudiwi, zvakakwana kutsiva chikamu chechina chehuwandu. Brocade hove ivo pachavo vanosarudza nzvimbo yakagadzikana, saka kuvhenekera kwakakosha hakudiwi. Iwe unogona kuisa mwenje kune dzimwe hove, uye catfish ichagadzirisa kumamiriro akarongwa.

Kudyisa mitemo

Aquarium catfish inodya zvese. Kuwedzera kune algae, hove dzinogona kudya zviri nyore kudyara chikafu:

• nettles;
• sipinashi;
• karoti;
• dandelion.

Muviri wecatfish wakagadzirwa kuti ugone zvakare kudya mapuroteni emhuka:

• honye dzevhu;
• bloodworms;
• shrimp.

Kuenzanisa kwakarurama kwemaminerari uye mavitamini kunoonekwa mune zvakagadzirirwa-zvakagadzirwa zvokudya zvakaoma zvehove dzepasi. Brocade fish inogonawo kudya dzimwe hove. Izvi hazvisi mhedzisiro yehasha, kungoti catfish inoona chikafu muhove inotuhwina zvishoma nezvishoma. Kazhinji, discus uye angelfish (yakadzika uye inononoka) inorasikirwa nezviyero kubva kune catfish suckers. Kudya kwakakodzera kwebrocade catfish kusanganiswa kwemakhahydrates (70-80%) uye mapuroteni (20-30%). Kana iyo pterygoplicht yakatorwa yatokura, saka hapana chikonzero chekuchinja zvakanyanya kudya kwakajairika kune "chaiyo" chikafu. Kana zvisina kudaro, angaramba zvokudya.

Mukuwedzera, hove ipi neipi ingasatora zvokudya zvisina kujairika kwairi. Semuenzaniso, ptera yakadyiswa neropa, uye iwe unomupa mapiritsi - haafaniri kudya. Pamwe usadye kwenguva yakareba.

Roman, aquarist ane ruzivo

Nekuda kwehupenyu hwehusiku, pterik inodya zvishoma masikati. Saka, kana iwe ukaparadza hove nezvinonaka, iwe unogona kupa, semuenzaniso, chikafu chipenyu chechando usiku. Zvose zvisingadyiwe, kusanganisira dzimwe hove, zvichagara pasi. Usiku, catfish ichatora zvakasara uye inodya. Dzimwe hove dzebrocade, dzasvika pakukura uye kuwedzera muhukuru, dzinotanga kudhonza kunyange zvirimwa zvakakura. Naizvozvo, iwe unofanirwa kuisa algae ine yakasimba midzi system.

Kana iwe uchida algae yakapfava ine midzi isina kusimba, unogona kuidyara muhari. Pazasi pendiro iwe unofanirwa kuita maburi madiki kuitira kuti usavhara nzvimbo. Mushure mekudyara, ivhu riri muhari rinofanira kusaswa nematombo. Poto yose inofanira kuputirwa nemambure akanaka (somuenzaniso, mosquito net), ichisiya gomba chete kuti chirimwa chibude. Catfish haigoni kudarika zano rakadaro.

Makonati mateko ari nyore anotsiva driftwood

Catfish inoda hove chaizvo. Zvinhu zvakadaro zvakazara nealgae diki, uye pterygoplichts vanozvidya. Ichi chipfeko chepamusoro hachizotsivi chikafu chakazara, asi chakakosha mukudya. Brocade uye dzimwe catfish dzinogashira zvinodikanwa zvekutevera zvinhu kubva kune aya algae, izvo zvinokanganisa kushanda kwechikafu chekudya, kupenya kwemavara uye kusadzivirirwa zvachose. Hove dzepasi dzinononoka, saka kazhinji hadzidyi (dzimwe hove dzinomedza chikafu chose). Naizvozvo, iwe unofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekuti vamwe vese vagari veiyo aquarium vakazara, uye mushure meizvozvo, dururira chimwe chikafu. Hove dzakaguta dzichafuratira kutsva kwechikafu, uye catfish ichadya yakadzikama. Iwe unogona kuona kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri nekuongorora dumbu rehove (dumbu rakakora, rakatenderedzwa rinoratidza kuguta).

Kuenderana nedzimwe hove

Musango, kana catfish iri munjodzi, inotambanudza zvimbi zvayo kuti iwedzere kukura uye muvengi akatadza kuimedza. Munguva yekurara, iyo pterik, yakavigwa mumatope, inoridza. Saka zvisikwa zvakapa catfish "alarm", iyo inotangwa kana hove yakarara uye ine hutongi husina kunaka pane zviri kuitika kumativi. Mu aquarium, njodzi yakadaro haityisidzi hove, saka kukakavara kunomuka chete pakati pevarume vemhando ipi neipi yehove. Hove yacho inoparadzira zvimbi zvaro zvemwaranzi kuitira kutyisidzira muvengi.

Sezvo pterygoplicht inogona kukura kusvika hafu yemamita, vavakidzani vanofanira kufanana nehukuru hwayo. Cichlids, gourami, polypterus, nezvimwewo zvinogona kunzi kune "zvakanakira" vavakidzani. Zvisinei, catfish haigoni kuwedzerwa kune mhedziso yezvinomera. Katfish ichadya kana kuburitsa zvese zvainogona, uye muvakidzani anodya uswa achafa nenzara.

Pterygoplicht inosiyaniswa nehunhu hwayo hunyoro uye hushamwari. Asi dzimwe nguva kukakavara pakati pehove kunogona kuitika mumamiriro ezvinhu apo catfish yakatokura yakadyarwa mune yakajairika aquarium. Varume vemamwe marudzi vanogona kuona mukwikwidzi wenguva yemberi mune itsva.

Vhidhiyo: hove dzecichlid dzinorwisa pterygoplicht itsva

Perial inogona kufuratira kana kutya munhu, asi nekufamba kwenguva, hove dzichajairana neanopa chikafu. Kana catfish ichigara nemunhu mumwe kwemakore akawanda, zvino nekufamba kwenguva ichapiwa mumaoko.

rutoto

Pazera remakore matatu, brocade catfish ichava yakakura pabonde. Kazhinji, aquarists, vachiziva izvi, vanotanga kugadzirira kuwedzera (vanotenga imwe catfish yevarume vakasiyana, kugadzirira jigger, nezvimwewo). Asi kumba hazvibviri kubereka pterygoplichts. Chokwadi ndechekuti musango, hadzi inokandira mazai mumakomba. Nzvimbo dziri muvhu dzinofanira kunge dzakasvibiswa uye dzakakura zvokuti murume mukuru anogona kuvanza mazviri (anorinda mazai).

Saka, iyo yose fry inotengeswa muRussia aquashops inounzwa kubva kumapurazi ehove. Vapfuri vanoisa mapeya ebrocade catfish mumadziva akashongedzerwa zvine dhaka pasi uye pasi rakapfava. Kune mapurazi ekutengesa pterygoplicht muAmerica, Australia, nekumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia.

Pterygoplicht zvirwere

Brocade catfish ihove inopokana nemhando dzakasiyana dzezvirwere. Asi kana mamiriro ehusungwa akatyorwa (kudya kwakashata, kushaya driftwood, mvura yakasviba, nezvimwewo), kusadzivirirwa kwehove kunogona kupera simba. Matambudziko ehutano akajairika mucatfish ndeyekusagadzikana kwekugaya uye zvirwere zvinotapukira.

Hove dzepasi dzinotarirwa kubatwa neprotozoa. Asi pterygoplicht ine hutano hairware zvakadaro, saka zvakakosha kuchengetedza kudzivirirwa kwehove (kudya kwakakodzera, kuchena kwe aquarium, nezvimwewo). Catfish inogona kurwara ne ichthyophthyroidism (colloquial - "semolina"), iyo causative agent iyo infusoria shoe. Kana mvura isina kuchinjwa kwenguva yakareba uye mamwe mamiriro ehusungwa akatyorwa, saka hutachiona hunogona kutapurirwa kune vamwe vagari vemu aquarium. Chironda ichi chinounzwa nehove itsva (saka iwe unofanirwa kurangarira nezve kwemavhiki matatu ega ega kune vanotanga). Unogona kuona chirwere ichi nemavara machena pamuviri wehove. Kana pterik yako yakafukidzwa ne "mold" munzvimbo, unofanira kukurumidza kuenda kune veterinarian. Mushonga unorayirwa uchada kupiwa nekudyara hove inorwara mumudziyo wakasiyana.

Kana paine nzvimbo imwe chete uye ichangobva kuoneka, saka iwe unogona kuedza kurapa iyo catfish iwe pachako. Kuti uite izvi, tembiricha iri mu aquarium (jigging tank) inokwidziridzwa kusvika 30 °C. Mvura inogadzirwa zvishoma brackish. Zvinotarisirwa kuti iyo causative agent yechirwere haigoni kurarama nekuchinja kwakanyanya uye kusiya muviri wemhuka yako. Kana izvozvo zvikasabatsira, enda kun’anga nekukasika. Zvakakosha kurapa pterygoplicht, nokuti, pasinei nehukuru hwavo, catfish, kufanana nedzimwe hove, inogonawo kufa nechirwere.

Kana hove yakarara uye isingafambi, inogona kunge ichirwara

Vasina ruzivo rwokuzviwanira mugungwa vanogona kufunga kuti hove dzepasi dzinozvikudza hadzifaniri kutarisirwa, asi izvi handizvo. Kana mamiriro ekuchengetedza catfish akatyorwa neimwe nzira, hove dzicharwara, uye izvi zvichazviratidza nenzira yezviratidzo:

• maitiro achinja (anovanza kunyange usiku, anorova pamadziro eiyo aquarium, nezvimwewo);
• muviri kana nhengo dzega dzakapenya (dumbu, zvimbi, musana);
• catfish inoratidzika yakaonda (kurasikirwa uremu, muromo wakanyura, nezvimwewo);
• maziso akacheneruka kana kuputika;
• maburi akaonekwa pakati pemwaranzi yezvimbi kana kuti zvimbi zvinotaridzika "zvakapwanyika";
• firimu rechiedza rakaonekwa pamusoro pemvura, mazhenje akajeka akaonekwa mumvura (kwete kubva pakudya) kana tambo dzakareruka dzemucus "hang";
• hove yakarasikirwa nechido chayo;
• mhuka inovaraidza inorara pasi.

Pteriki anowanzo rwara kubva mukuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa. Zvigadzirwa zveMetabolic, zvakasara mumvura, zvinokonzera kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zvinokuvadza (nitrites, ammonia, nezvimwewo). Asi munhu haafaniri kuora mwoyo uye kutsungirira mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro. Pane bvunzo dzakasiyana dzekukurumidza pamusika dzaunogona kushandisa kumba (haufanire kutenga dzinodhura).

Iwe unofanirwa kusarudza bvunzo kuti uzive munyu wakasiyana (nitrites, nitrate), chlorine uye pH mazinga kamwechete.

Muedzo wega wega unouya nemirairo. Saka iwe unozonzwisisa izvo chaizvo zvinotenderedza pamusoro. Imwe yenzira dzekugadzirisa zvinhu zvinokuvadza ndeye air conditioning. Aya ndiwo akakosha ekuwedzera anogona kuderedza chepfu. Iyo air conditioner inosarudzwa kuti ishandiswe mune chaiyo vhoriyamu yemvura. Iwe zvakare unofanirwa kutsiva chikamu chemvura (1/4). Izvi zvinodawo air conditioning (semuenzaniso, Akutan kana Aquasafe). Mvura nyowani inofanirwa kurapwa nemumiririri uyu, kana zvichidikanwa, inopisa kusvika kune yaunoda tembiricha uye inodururwa mu aquarium. Kana zvisingakwanisi kutenga kuwedzera kwakadaro, saka iwe unogona kubata mvura nenzira inotambudza (ifashaidza uye inotonhorera).

Kana mvura yadzokera kune yakajairika, kusadzivirirwa kwekatfish kunotanga kupora. Ipapo pachava nemukana wekuti hove dzichapora. Pterygoplicht inowanzoshambira yakadzika, ichibata pasi nezvimbi zvayo. Kana pectoral fins isingafambi, uye hove inongoreva nhema (uye haidyi chero chinhu), muridzi wacho anotanga kutya. Mukuwedzera kune zvikonzero zvakanyorwa pamusoro, iyi catfish maitiro anogona kunge ari nekuda kwekunetseka. Semuenzaniso, kana pterik iri nyowani kune aquarium ine dzimwe hove (kana catfish ine aquarium nyowani). Kana mamiriro ese ekuvharirwa akajairika, saka unogona kumirira mazuva akati wandei. Kana iyo brocade inojaira kumamiriro matsva, inozotanga kushambira nekudya.

Brocade pterygoplicht ihove ine muviri wakafukidzwa nemahwendefa akaoma. Ihove idzi dzinodya miriwo uye mapuroteni zvokudya, dzinotungamirira mararamiro epasi uye hadzirare usiku. Pterygoplicht inogona kurarama kusvika kumakore makumi maviri mumamiriro emu aquarium.