Tsanangudzo yereindeer: maitiro erudzi, maitiro, chikafu uye kubereka

Reindeer imhuka inonzi artiodactyl yemhuri yemhembwe. Kuwedzera kune mhuka dzinopfuyiwa, dzinorerwa sezvifambiso nemhuka dzepapurazi, nhamba huru yemhuka dzomusango dzakapona kuchamhembe kweEurasia, kuNorth America, pazvitsuwa, paTaimyr Peninsula uye mu tundra yeFar North. .

Tsanangudzo yemhuka inonzi reindeer

Kureba kwemuviri wemhuka inenge mamita maviri, uremu hwayo hunobva pazana kusvika mazana maviri nemakumi maviri makirogiramu, kureba kwemhuka inoyamwisa kunobva kune zana negumi kusvika kune zana nemakumi mana masendimita. Reindeer, inogara pazvitsuwa zveArctic Ocean uye mu tundra, yakaderera muhukuru kune vamwe vavo vekumaodzanyemba vanogara munzvimbo dzetaiga.

Mhembwe, hono nehadzi, dzine nyanga huru kwazvo. Dzinde huru refu yenyanga inokombamira kutanga kumashure yozoenda mberi. Gore negore, muna May kana kuti June, hadzi dzinobudisa nyanga dzadzo, uye muna November kana kuti December, hono. Mushure mechinguva, nyanga dzinokura zvakare. Panyanga dzeregrown, huwandu hwemaitiro hunowedzera, nekuda kwekuti chimiro chavo chinowedzera kuoma. Vanosvika pakukura kwakakwana pazera remakore mashanu.

Fur refu yechando. Mutsipa wavo wakarembera zenze. Mvere dzemvere dzakanyanya brittle uye dzakareruka, sezvo musimboti wayo wakazadzwa nemhepo. Zvisinei, mvere dzemhembwe dzinodziya zvikuru. Rudzi rwemvere dzechando runoshanduka, kubva kunenge kuchena kusvika kune dema. Kazhinji ruvara runogona kuve variegated, rinosanganisira nzvimbo dzakasviba uye dzakareruka. Mvere dzezhizha dzakapfava uye dzakapfupika.

Ruvara rwayo igrey-brown kana kofi-brown. Dova nemativi emutsipa akareruka. Mvere dzemhuka dzesango dzakasvibira kupfuura makushe emhembwe yekuFar North. Mhara duku dzine ruvara rumwe. Mvere dzavo dzine brownish-grey kana brown. Mhuru dzemhembwe chete dzeSouthern Siberia dzinosiyana. Vane misana yavo makwapa makuru echiedza.

Iwo mahwanda akatambanudzwa emakumbo epamberi eiyi artiodactyls ane depressions muchimiro chescoop kana spoon. Zviri nyore kugadzira chando navo kuitira kuchera moss kubva pasi payo.

Maitiro uye kudya

Reindeer imhuka dzinoshamwaridzana. Dzinofura mumapoka makuru umo munogona kuva nezviuru zvemisoro, uye padzinotama, mombe dzinosvika makumi ezviuru. Mhou dzemhembwe dzave nemakumi emakore dzichitama nenzira imwe chete. Vanogona kufamba makiromita mazana mashanu kana kupfuura. Mhuka dzinoshambira zvakanaka, saka dzinoyambuka nyore nzizi nemakwava.

• Vanhu vokuSiberia vanogara musango munguva yechando. Pakupera kwaMay, mapoka makuru emhuka anoenda ku tundra, uko panguva ino kune zvokudya zvakawanda kwavari. Kune umhutu nenhunzi shoma dzinobatwa nemhembwe. MunaAugust kana September, mhuka dzinodzokera shure.
• Nondo dzeScandinavia dzinonzvenga masango.
• MuNorth America, nondo (caribou) dzinotama kubva musango pedyo negungwa muna Kubvumbi. Inodzoka muna October.
• Mhuka dzeEurope dzinofamba dziri pedyo zvikuru mukati megore. Muzhizha, vanokwira makomo, uko kunotonhorera uye iwe unogona kupukunyuka kubva kune midges uye midges. Muchando vanodzika kana kufamba kubva kune rimwe gomo vachienda kune rimwe.

Nondo dzinotambura zvikuru nenhunzi, dzinokandira mazai pasi peganda radzo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, maabscesses anoumba umo magonye anogara. Mhuno yemhuno inokandira mazai mumhino dzemhuka. Zvipembenene izvi zvinokonzera kutambura kwakawanda kune mhembwe uye dzimwe nguva dzinotodzipedza simba.

Reindeer inonyanya kudya zvirimwa: moss reindeer kana reindeer moss. Ichi chikafu chinoumba hwaro hwekudya kwavo kwemwedzi mipfumbamwe. Dziine pfungwa yakasimukira yekunhuwidza, mhuka dzinowana nemazvo moss, makwenzi emuchero, sedges, uye howa pasi pechando. Vachikanda sinou nemahwanda avo, vanowana zvokudya zvavo. Chikafu chinogona kusanganisira mamwe lichens, michero, uswa uye kunyange howa. Nondo dzinodya mazai eshiri, makonzo, shiri dzakura.

Muchando, mhuka dzinodya sinou kuti dzipedze nyota yadzo. Vari muhuwandu kunwa mvura yegungwakuchengetedza munyu muviri. Nokuda kweizvi, nyanga dzakaraswa dzinoruma. Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemaminerari munyu mukudya, nondo inogona kudzvokorana.

Kubereka uye tarisiro yehupenyu

Reindeer vanotanga mitambo yavo yekubatana muhafu yechipiri yaGumiguru. Panguva ino, varume, vachitsvaga vakadzi, vanoronga kurwa. Mhuka hadzi inobereka mwana kweinenge mwedzi misere, mushure mezvo inobereka nondo imwe. Kashoma kuita mapatya.

Zuva rinotevera chairo aberekwa, mwana anotanga kumhanya achitevera amai vake. Kusvikira pakutanga kwechando, hadzi inodyisa nondo nemukaka. Vhiki nhatu dzaberekwa, nyanga dzemhuru dzinotanga kumera. Mugore rechipiri rehupenyu, kuyaruka kwemhuka kunotanga. Mukadzi anogona kuzvara kusvika pamakore gumi nemasere.

reindeer live anenge makore makumi maviri nemashanu.

reindeer yemumba

Sezvo vakanga vaparadzanisa chikamu cheboka remhuka dzomusango, vanhu vakapfuya mhuka dzemhembwe. Mhuka dzemumba dzakajairira vanhu, dzinogara pamafuro madiki uye kana paine njodzi hadziparadzire, uchitarisira kuti vanhu vachavadzivirira. Mhuka dzinoshandiswa sezvikwiriso, ipai mukaka, makushe, mapfupa, nyama, nyanga. Zvakare, mhuka dzinongoda munyu chete uye dziviriro kubva kune zvikara kubva kuvanhu.

1. Rudzi rwevanhu vemumba rwakasiyana. Izvi zvinogona kunge zvichikonzerwa nehunhu hwemunhu, murume kana mukadzi uye zera. Mhuka dzeEurope pamagumo e molt dzinowanzoita rima. Zvizhinji zvemusoro, mativi uye kumashure zvine brown. Makumbo, muswe, mutsipa, korona, huma greyish. Zvipfuyo zvichena-chando zvinokosheswa zvikuru pakati pevanhu vekuNorth.
2. Mukukura, mhembwe dzemumba dzakanyanya kudiki pane dzemusango.
3. Kusvikira ikozvino, kune vagari vekuFar North, nondo ndiyo chete mhuka yemhuka iyo hupenyu hwavo uye hutano hwakabatana. Mhuka iyi ndeyavo zvese zvekufambisa, uye zvekugara, uye zvekupfeka, uye chikafu.
4. Munharaunda dzetaiga, mhembwe dzinotasva bhiza. Kuti varege kuputsa musana wemhuka, vanogara pedyo nemutsipa. Mu tundra uye sango-tundra, ivo vanosungirirwa kune sleds (yechando kana zhizha) obliquely mumatatu kana mana. Mhuka imwe inosungirirwa kutakura munhu mumwechete. Munhu anoshanda nesimba anogona kufamba makiromita zana pazuva pasina kuneta kwakanyanya.

Vavengi vemhembwe

Reindeer inodiwa kune zvikara zvikuru, sezvo iine nyama nemafuta. Vavengi vake mhumhi, bere, wolverine, lynx. Panguva yekutama, nguva yakaorera inouya yezvikara. Mhuka dzemhembwe dzinofamba nzendo refu, mhuka dzinorwara uye dzisina simba dzinosarira shure, dzaneta. Vanova mhuka wolverines uye wolf packs.

Anoparadza mhuka nevanhu ava zvisina tsitsi. Anovhima mhuka nokuda kwenyanga dzayo, dehwe, nyama.

Parizvino, kune mhuka dzinenge zviuru makumi mashanu kuchamhembe kweEurope, zviuru mazana matanhatu muNorth America uye mazana masere ezviuru munzvimbo dzepolar dzeRussia. Zvinotonyanya kuwanda nemhembwe dzemumba. Huwandu hwavo hunosvika mamiriyoni matatu misoro.