Dodo shiri: chitarisiko, chikafu, kubereka uye zvinhu zvinosara

Dodo ishiri isingabhururuka yakatsakatika yaigara pachitsuwa cheMauritius. Kutaurwa kwekutanga kweshiri iyi kwakamuka nekuda kwevafambisi vechikepe kubva kuHolland vakashanyira chitsuwa ichi mukupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Yakawanda yakadzama data pamusoro peshiri yakawanikwa muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzezvakatipoteredza dzakatora nguva refu dzichifunga kuti dodo chisikwa chengano, asi gare gare zvakazoitika kuti shiri iyi yaivako zvechokwadi.

Kuonekwa

Dhoko, rinozivikanwa seshiri inonzi dodo, rakanga rakakura chaizvo. Vanhu vakuru vasvika kurema kwe20-25 kg, uye kureba kwavo kwaive 1 m.

Humwe hunhu:

• muviri wakazvimba uye mapapiro madiki, zvichiratidza kusakwanisa kubhururuka;
• makumbo mapfupi akasimba;
• paws neminwe 4;
• muswe mupfupi weminhenga yakawanda.

Shiri idzi dzainonoka dzichifamba pasi. Nechekunze, iya ine minhenga yakaita kunge turkey, asi mumusoro mayo makanga musina krete.

Chimiro chikuru muromo wakakochekera uye kusavapo kwemapapiro pedyo nemeso. Kwenguva yakati, masayendisiti akatenda kuti dodos ihama dze albatross nekuda kwekufanana kwemiromo yavo, asi pfungwa iyi haina kusimbiswa. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzezvemhuka dzakataura nezveshiri dzinodya nyama, kusanganisira magora, ayowo asina ganda rine minhenga mumusoro.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti Mauritius dodo muromo kureba inenge 20 cm, uye kuguma kwayo kwakakombama pasi. Rudzi rwemuviri i fawn kana ash grey. Manhenga emuzvidya matema, ukuwo ari pachipfuva nemapapiro ari machena. Chokwadi, mapapiro aingova mavambo awo.

Kubereka uye kudya

Maererano nemasayendisiti emazuva ano, dodos akagadzira matendere kubva kumatavi emichindwe nemashizha, pamwe nenyika, mushure mokunge imwe yai huru yakaiswa pano. Incubation kwemavhiki manomwe murume nemukadzi vakachinjana. Izvi, pamwe chete nokudyisa nhiyo, zvakatora mwedzi yakawanda.

Munguva yakaoma kudaro, dodos haana kurega chero munhu pedyo nedendere. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti dzimwe shiri dzakadzingwa nedodo remhando imwe chete. Somuenzaniso, kana imwe hadzi yakasvika padendere racho, mukono wakanga wakagara padendere waibva watanga kubhabhadzira mapapiro ayo nokuita ruzha rukuru, ichidana hadzi yayo.

Kudya kweDodo kwaive kwakavakirwa pamichero yakakura yemichindwe, mashizha uye buds. Masayendisiti akakwanisa kuratidza rudzi rwakadaro rwekudya kubva pamatombo anowanikwa mudumbu reshiri. Hurungudo idzi dzaiita basa rekukuya chikafu.

Zvisaririra zvemarudzi uye humbowo hwekuvapo kwayo

Panharaunda yeMauritius, kwaigara dodo, pakanga pasina mhuka huru uye zvikara, ndokusaka shiri yakava. anovimba uye ane rugare zvikuru. Vanhu pavakatanga kusvika pazvitsuwa, vakaparadza madhodhi. Uyezve, nguruve, mbudzi nembwa zvakaunzwa pano. Mhuka idzi dzaidya makwenzi umo matendere eDodo, dzaipwanya mazai adzo, uye dzaiparadza manyana neshiri dzakura.

Mushure mekuparadzwa kwekupedzisira, zvaive zvakaoma kuti masayendisiti aratidze kuti dodo raiveko zvechokwadi. Imwe yenyanzvi yakakwanisa kuwana mapfupa akati wandei pazvitsuwa. Kwapera kanguva, kuchera kwakakura kwakaitwa panzvimbo imwe chete. Ongororo yekupedzisira yakaitwa muna 2006. Panguva iyoyo ndipo pakawanikwa paleontologists kubva kuHolland kuMauritius. skeleton inosara:

• beak;
• mapapiro;
• paws;
• musana;
• chikamu chefemur.

Kazhinji, skeleton yeshiri inoonekwa seyakakosha zvikuru kuwanikwa kwesainzi, asi kuwana mativi ayo kuri nyore kupfuura zai rinorarama. Kusvikira kuzuva rino, yakapukunyuka bedzi mukopi imwe. Kukosha kwayo inodarika kukosha kweMadagascar epiornis zai, ndiko kuti, shiri hurusa yaivapo kare.

Zvinofadza shiri chokwadi

• Mufananidzo weDodo unopenya pajasi remaoko reMauritius.
• Maererano neimwe yengano, shiri mbiri dzakaendeswa kuFrance kubva kuReunion Island, iyo yakachema apo yakanyudzwa mungarava.
• Kune maviri akanyorwa memos akagadzirwa muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX, anotsanangura zvakadzama kutaridzika kwe dodo. Magwaro aya anotaura nezvemuromo muhombe wakaita sekoni. Ndiye iye akaita sechidziviriro chikuru cheshiri, iyo yaisagona kudzivisa kurwisana nevavengi, nokuti yaisagona kubhururuka. Maziso eshiri akanga akakura chaizvo. Vaiwanzofananidzwa negooseberries huru kana madhaimondi.
• Nguva yekusvirana isati yatanga, dhodhi aigara ega. Mushure mekusangana, shiri dzakava vabereki vakanaka, nokuti dzakaedza nepatinogona napo kudzivirira vana vadzo.
• Masayendisiti kubva kuYunivhesiti yeOxford ave kuita nhevedzano yeongororo ine chekuita neiyo genetic reconstruction yedodo.
• Pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, kutevedzana kwemajini kwakaongororwa, nekudaro zvakazozivikanwa kuti njiva yemazuva ano ine maned imwe yehama dzepedyo dzeDodo.
• Pane pfungwa yekuti pakutanga shiri idzi dzaigona kubhururuka. Munharaunda yavaigara makanga musina zvikara kana vanhu, saka pakanga pasina chikonzero chokusimuka mumhepo. Saizvozvo, nekufamba kwenguva, muswe wakashandurwa kuita diki diki, uye mapapiro akaremara. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti maonero aya haana kusimbiswa nesayenzi.
• Kune marudzi maviri eshiri: Mauritius naRodrigues. Mhando yekutanga yakaparadzwa muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, uye yechipiri yakararama chete kusvika pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX.
• Dodo rakawana zita rechipiri nekuda kwevafambisi vengarava vaiona shiri iyi ibenzi. Inoturikira kubva muchiPutukezi ichiti dodo.
• Seti yakakwana yemapfupa yakachengetwa muOxford Museum. Zvinosuruvarisa, skeleton iyi yakaparadzwa nemoto muna 1755.

enyuchi hono ndeyekufarira kukuru nemasayendisiti kubva kumativi ose enyika. Izvi zvinotsanangura kuchera kwakawanda uye zvidzidzo zviri kuitwa nhasi munharaunda yeMauritius. Uyezve, dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofarira kudzorera mhuka kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwemajini.