imbwa anatomy

Kune marudzi anopfuura mazana mana embwa munyika nhasi. Uye, zvisinei nekusiyana kwekunze, kubva pakuona kwebiology, vane chimiro chakafanana. Kunyangwe iyo French Bulldog neTibetan Mastiff, zvisinei kuti inga shamisa sei.

marangwanda

Hwaro hwechero vertebrate organism (uye imbwa haina mutsauko) ndiyo skeleton. Inobatsira mhuka kufamba-famba uye inodzivirira nhengo dzadzo dzomukati kubva pakukuvadzwa.

1. Dehenya. Dehenya rembwa rinoumbwa nemapfupa makumi maviri nemanomwe. Uyezve, iyo mhuka duku, iyo inowedzera elastic ivo: muvanhu vakuru, iyo inobatana inoomesa, uye mapfupa anova brittle uye brittle.

   Masayendisiti anosiyanisa marudzi matatu emadehenya mumbwa:

   Nekubatsirwa kwekubatana kunofambisa, rushaya rwezasi rwakasungirirwa padehenya. Vakuru vane 42 molars. Vana vaduku vane mazino emukaka mashoma - makumi maviri nemasere chete, asi ose anofanira kuonekwa nezera remwedzi miviri. Mumwedzi mitatu, nzira yekushandura mazino zvishoma nezvishoma inotanga, iyo inopera negore.

   • Dolichocephalic - kureba. Inoitika mumhuka dzine muromo wakareba - semuenzaniso, muRussia borzoi;

   • Mechophalic yakajairika. Zvikamu zvitatu zvemarudzi ane rudzi urwu rwedehenya: huskies, imbwa dzemakwai, nezvimwewo;

   • Brachycephalic - kupfupiswa. Pekingese, bulldogs nevamwe vane rudzi urwu rwedehenya.

2. Ruma. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekunze kurumwa nembwa. Izvi hazvisi chete aesthetics, asiwo hutano hwake, nokuti nzvimbo isina kururama yemeno inogona kukonzera kukura kwezvirwere zvakawanda.

   Mhando dzekurumwa:

   • Pamhando dzakawanda, kunyanya kuruma kunoonekwa sechikasi, umo mazamu ezasi anobata mukati mepamusoro pepamusoro;

   • Kuruma-kufanana nekwekwe kunoonekwa sekutsauka kubva pane zvakajairwa, apo incisors inozorora kune imwe neimwe;

   • Kutsauka kwakakomba kuri undershot, ndiko kuti, iwo ezasi incisors haabate iwo epamusoro zvachose. Ngozi yaro iri pakuti marari acho anokurumidza kupera;

   • Chirwere chakanyanya kuoma kumarudzi akawanda ndeyekuruma bulldog, umo shaya yezasi inofambiswa mberi. Asi kune imbwa dzebrachycephalic, kuruma kwakadaro ndiyo tsika.

3. Torso. Hwaro hwemhando ipi neipi yeskeleton ndiyo musana. Semunhu, inoumbwa neakavharira vertebral discs ayo akasungirirwa mbabvu nemamwe mapfupa.

   Kunze kweimbwa kunoongororwa nekubatana kwekuwedzera kwayo, kwete chete skeleton inokosha pano, asiwo misumbu. Kazhinji, varidzi vembwa vanotarisana nemhando nhatu dzekushomeka musculoskeletal system: kuremara mumapfupa, majoini uye tsandanyama zvishandiso. Zvikonzero zvekuonekwa kwavo zvinogona kuva zvose genetic uye zvakawanikwa semugumisiro wezvirwere uye kutarisirwa kusina kunaka.

   • Muzongoza wekervical unobatanidza hunde nedehenya - aya ndiwo manomwe vertebrae. Uyezve, maviri ekutanga vertebrae, anonyanya kufamba, senge mune zvese vertebrates, anonzi atlas uye epistrophy;

   • Nharaunda yechipfuva ine gumi nenhatu vertebrae - ichi ndicho chikonzero chekubatanidza gumi nenhatu dzembabvu. Munharaunda yembabvu dzekutanga, scapula, humerus, radius uye ulna, pamwe chete neruoko, zvakabatanidzwa mumuviri;

   • Chiuno chakaumbwa nemapfupa manomwe;

   • Sacrum kana sacrum matatu akasanganiswa vertebrae. Nenzira yakawanda, ndiyo sacrum inosarudza nzvimbo yemuswe wembwa. Inobatanidzwa nejojo ​​rakagadziriswa kune pelvic bone. Nhengo yepelvic ine chiuno, chidya, gumbo rezasi uye tsoka;

   • Muswe wembwa unewo vertebrae, paavhareji pane 20-23, asi panewo zviitiko kana pane 15-25 vertebrae. Chimiro, saizi uye kukwana kwemuswe zvinoenderana nehunhu hwemhando yega yega.

pfungwa

Hurongwa hwenhengo huru dzembwa, dzakadai seyekutenderera kweropa, tsinga, kufema, uye kugaya, dzakafanana nedzevanhu. Musiyano mukuru ibasa renhengo dzekunzwa. Imbwa dzine zvitanhatu zvadzo: kunhuwa, kubata, kuenzana, kuona, kunzwa uye kuravira.

1. Hwema. Kusiyana nemunhu anogamuchira ruzivo rwepasirese kuburikidza nekuona, mutezo mukuru wepfungwa wembwa pfungwa yekunhuhwidza.

   Chimbofungidzira: mumhino dzemunhu kune mamiriyoni mashanu anogamuchirwa anotibatsira kusiyanisa pakati pekunhuhwirira, uye mumhino yembwa kune mamiriyoni e5 avo! Pfungwa yekunhuhwirira kwekuvhima uye mhando dzebasa dzakatonyanya nani: mhuka dzakadai dzinogona kuwana tsvakiridzo ine mazuva akati wandei.

2. Chiono. Pasinei nokuti chimiro cheziso rembwa chakafanana nekugadzirwa kweziso remunhu, mhuka inoona zvakanyanya kuipa. Zvinotendwa kuti vana vaduku vane chiratidzo chepamusoro mugore rokutanga rehupenyu hwavo, uye zvino inotanga kuipa. Pakupedzisira, imbwa dzakura dzinenge dziri mapofu. Nekudaro, zvakaratidzwa kuti mhuka dzinovaraidza dzinoona zvirinani kupfuura vanhu murima.

3. Kunzwa uye kuenzanisa. Sevanhu, imbwa dzine nzeve yokunze, yomukati, uye yepakati. Mukati mune vestibular apparatus, iyo inokonzera kuenzana kwemhuka.

   Chokwadi, kunzwa kwembwa kuri nani zvikuru kupfuura kwomunhu. Kana tichienzanisa, huwandu hwemafaro anonzwikwa nemhuka dzinovaraidza kubva pa12 kusvika ku80 Hertz, nepo vanhu vachikwanisa kunzwa kudengenyeka nefrequency ye000 kusvika 16 Hertz. Nenzira, imbwa dzinozivawo ultrasound.

4. Bata. Mhuka inogamuchirawo ruzivo pamusoro penyika yakaipoteredza kuburikidza nemitezo yekubata: ganda uye ndebvu - vibrissae. Nekubatsirwa kweganda receptors, anonzwa tembiricha uye kurwadziwa. Uye iyo vibrissae, iri pedyo nemhino, maziso uye pamakumbo, inoita basa rinobata. Imbwa inogona kunzwisisa nzvimbo yezvinhu pasina kuzvibata, nemhepo.

5. Idya. Hazvinyatsozivikanwi kana imbwa dzichigona kuravira. Pamwe, mhuka inotonga kudyiwa kana kusadyiwa kwechinhu nekunhuhwirira kwayo. Tsvagiridzo inosimbisa izvi: nepo parurimi rwemunhu paine zvinoravira zvingangoita 9000, 1700 chete parurimi rwembwa.

Kunzwisisa kuti mhuka dzinovaraidza dzakarongwa sei zvinokutendera kuti uwedzere kutarisisa hutano hwemhuka.

Izvo zvakakoshawo kubhadhara zvakanyanya kune zvese shanduko mukuzvibata uye kugara zvakanaka kwechipfuwo uye kutsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba wemhuka munguva.

Mufananidzo: Kuunganidza

Gumiguru 29 2018

Yakagadziridzwa: Ndira 17, 2021