Mhuka Dziri Mungozi uye Mabhuku Matsvuku eMiddle and Southern Urals

Ndiani asingazombopindi mubhuku rakadaro huwandu hwevakuru. Uye hazvibviri kuwana dzimwe mhuka muRed Book yeUrals nokuda kwechikonzero chisingadikanwi: haisipo mune iyi fomu. Mhosva yacho, kunyanya, inotsamira pakupatsanurwa kwenharaunda. Nharaunda imwe neimwe ine Red Book yayo, uye imwe chikamu chenharaunda yenharaunda inogona kuva muUrals, uye imwe chikamu chiri kunze kwayo. Muchidimbu, zvinokwanisika kugadzira runyoro rwezvipenyu zviri mungozi yeUrals yese, asi zvichawedzera zvishoma kune marejista ematunhu, uye nerubatsiro runoshanda, munhu achazofanira kutendeukira kumitemo yenzvimbo nezviwanikwa.

KuMiddle and Southern Urals, mabhuku akadaro aivapo, asi munguva yedu, munyaya dzakadaro, anonyanya kutungamirirwa nemazita emunharaunda. Mhuka dzinowanikwa kuNorthern kana Polar Urals dzinoda uyeskat mumabhuku edunhu, semuenzaniso, muRed Book yeYamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Inotaura, kunyanya, mapoka matatu emhuka, rimwe rawo: polar-Ural vanhu (kusvika kumhuka 150) inogona kunyorwa muRed Book yeUrals.

Kana nondo dzisina kudziviswa nemapaipi egasi uye kumwe kutaurirana, saka vanokwanisa kutamira kure nemakiromita anopfuura 1000, kureva kuti, mumutemo, vanogona kutama kubva kune imwe nzvimbo yeRed Book kuenda kune imwe. MuYamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, iyo Polar Urals Reserve yakagadzirwa, umo kupfura kwemhuka kunorambidzwa uye kuwanikwa kwemhembwe dzinopfuyiwa kushoma. Zvakangodaro, iyo nhamba yemutero (boka) inoyerwa zvinoenderana nedzimwe dhata nevanhu vakawanda, sekureva kwevamwe, vane tariro, vanosvika zana nemakumi mashanu emhando.

Zvinoenderana nerudzi rwepasirese, mune ese Red Books, chiyero chengozi yekutsakatika kwemarudzi emhuka akaiswa muzvikamu 6:

• 0 - vanhu vakanyangarika. Iri boka rinosiririsa rinoumbwa nemhuka dzine vertebrates, kuvapo kwacho kusati kwasimbiswa mumakore makumi mashanu apfuura.
• 1 iri mungozi. Huwandu hwevanhu hwasvika padanho rakaomarara.
• 2, 3, 4 - pakati pe1 ne5.
• 5 - kudzoreredza huwandu hwevanhu. Nhamba yemhuka iri kuswedera kune imwe nyika iyo matanho ekukurumidzira ekudzorera haadiwi.

Mupfungwa yezvakatipoteredza, maMiddle and Maodzanyemba Urals anomira kunze kwese kwese, kure nekuve ari nani.

Red Book yeMiddle Urals

Izvi zvinofanira kusanganisira mhando dziri mungozi dzeUral nature panharaunda yeBashkortostan, Perm Territory, Sverdlovsk uye Chelyabinsk matunhu. Mapeji ebhuku rino anogara achigadziridzwa nevanovhima zvisiri pamutemo nevamwe vakuru vebhizinesi vakafanana. Asati azivisa denderedzwa revakabatwa, munhu anofanirwa kutarisisa kune yekunze kumashure inoperekedza kuita kwevanhu.

Maererano nemagwaro ehurumende, kunaka kwemvura mumadhamu akawanda munharaunda yeSverdlovsk kubva kune tsvina kusvika kune yakasviba zvikuru kana kunyange yakasviba zvakanyanya. Huwandu hwehutsi hunosvibisa mhepo inodarika 1,2 miriyoni matani pagore. Huwandu hwemvura yakasviba, iyo 68% yakasvibiswa, ingangoita 1,3 bhiriyoni cubic metres. mamita pagore, ndiko kuti, anenge cubic kilometer yemvura yakasviba inodururwa nenharaunda yeSverdlovsk chete. Mamwe matunhu haana nani.

Nzizi nhanhatu dzenharaunda vanosarudzwa semvura yakasvibiswa zvakanyanya muRussia. Mukushaikwa kwenzvimbo dzekurasira marara ane muchetura, munzvimbo dzemabhizinesi emaindasitiri kune sludge storages uye madhamu ekugadzirisa akaunganidza anenge 900 miriyoni cubic metres emvura ine muchetura.

Inenge 20% yemasango akatenderedza maindasitiri nzvimbo anonyimwa chikamu chetsono kana mashizha nekuda kwekukuvadza kunopisa. Mamwe maguta uye kunyange matunhu ose enharaunda yeSverdlovsk anobuda kunze kwehuwandu hunoodza mwoyo. Hukama huripo hwehupfumi hahupi chikonzero chetarisiro: zvine pundutso kumabhizinesi kuti abhadhare zvirango pane kushandura matekinoroji ekugadzira uye kugovera mari yekuvakazve.

Idzi hadzisi fungidziro dzisina basa, asi dzinenge zvirevo kubva kune zvakatemwa zveHurumende yeSverdlovsk Dunhu. Muripo wekukuvarachakaitwa pachisikwa chinoramba chiri chiziviso chisina maturo. Kunyange nzizi dzine mabhanga anoshamisa eUsva neChusovaya, idzo dzinoyerera munzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, dzakasvibiswa netsvina yeindasitiri. Uye kana tikafunga nzira dzakaomesesa dzekuwana mari yebhajeti uye kunenge kusingazivikanwe kwakazara kuba uye huori, saka Red Book yeUrals inogona kungoonekwa senhoroondo yemunhu anorwara zvisina tariro.

Pasinei nehupfumi hukuru hweUrals muzviwanikwa, kuchine nzvimbo dzakawanda dzisiri dzekufarira maindasitiri, uye saka dzakachengetedzwa uye dzinogarwa kwete nevanhu chete, asiwo nemhuka dzesango. Kune avo vasina rombo rakanaka, iro Red Book rakazaruka.

Muskrat

Iyi ingori mhuka kunaani hapana rombo rakanaka nenzvimbo, uye akawira muchikamu chekutanga cheRed Book yeMiddle Urals, kunyanya, Perm Territory uye Chelyabinsk Region. (Nzvimbo huru dzeDesman imadziva emvura, uye ari kumadokero uye kumabvazuva kweUral Range). Mitumbi yemvura isina kudzika inooma muzhizha uye inotonhora muchando haina kukodzera iyo. Iyo muskrat inogona kurarama chete mumigodhi ine mukana uri pazasi pemvura, uye nekuda kweizvi mabhanga emitumbi yemvura anofanira kunyatsotsanangurwa.

Makaro evanhu agara ari ngozi huru paichi mhuka duku. Apo nhamba yemuskrat yakanga ichiri yakakura, yakaparadzwa zvikuru nekuda kwehuya hwakanaka hwakakosha. Uye kuberekeswa kwemuskrat nechinangwa chimwe chete chepragmatic chakakonzera kutamiswa kwedesman kubva munzvimbo dzavaigara. Kunyanya kuipa kwehuwandu hwehuwandu hwevanhu hunoitwa nehupfumi hwevanhu: kutora mvura yekudiridza, mvura, kusvibiswa kwemitumbi yemvura.

tyoni

Kunyorwa kweiyo yakajairika hedgehog muRed Data Book yeSverdlovsk Region anogona kushamisa chero munhu, asi kwete vagari veYekaterinburg kana Nizhny Tagil, vanoona zvose zvinofadza zvemamiriro ezvinhu epanyika muganda ravo pachavo. Kana makumi emarudzi ezvipembenene asingakwanisi kumira, ipapo ketani yezvokudya inosvika kunyange hedgehog. Kutema nekurima masango kunotowedzera mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Eared hedgehog yakanyorwa muRed Book reBashkortostan.

European Mink

MuBhuku Dzvuku redunhu reChelyabinsk, mhuka iyi inowira muchikamu 1, muBashkortostan, muchikamu 2, uye muRed Book yePerm Territory, haisipo zvachose, sezvazviri mune rondedzero yezviwanikwa zvekuvhima. Saka kune mink yeEurope, mhando dzeAmerica dzine njodzi kupfuura vanhu.

Dzimwe mhuka

Kana tikafuratira pfungwa yemazuva ose yemhuka, iyo inongoreva mhuka dzinoyamwisa, uye tichiyeuka zvinorehwa nenyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu neizvi, ipapo boka rezvipembenene, shiri uye zvinhu zvose zvipenyu kunze kwezvirimwa zvichatora mapeji akati wandei kubva pakuzvinyora.

Kubva kumhuka dzinoyamwisa mabheti anogona kusiyanisa:

• mustachioed bat
• chiremwaremwa chemvura
• chiremwaremwa chaNathusius
• dwarf bat
• pond night
• jaketi rematehwe rekuchamhembe
• late dehwe
• Naterera night

Nhengo dzerodent order:

• squirrel inobhururuka - inogona kuita ndege dzinobhururuka kusvika 50 m
• big jerboa
• Forest lemming
• grey hamster
• garden dormouse
• Eversman's hamster
• Djungarian hamster

Red Book yeSouthern Urals

Zvinosanganisira mhuka dziri mungozi yeBashkortostan, Chelyabinsk uye Orenburg nzvimbo. JSC "Orsknefteorgsintez" uye "Gaisky GOK" vanoita mupiro mukuru kune ecological mamiriro munharaunda yeOrenburg. Zvichipa maitiro ehutsinye kune zvisikwa, zita rokuti "Mednogorsk mhangura uye sulfur chirimwa" rinokwana kuita kuti ecologists idedere kana isati yatoshandiswa kumigumisiro yakakura. Munharaunda yeOrenburg, zvitubu zvemvura yakachena zvinongoita 5% chete, nepo mvura yakasviba zvakanyanya inowanikwa mu16% yezviwanikwa zvemvura.

Inenge hafu yenyika inorimwa, izvo zvinokonzera kukukurwa kwevhu, kusanaya kwemvura uye kuderedza kubereka. Panguva imwecheteyo, inenge 25% yemvura yeUral River basin inotorwa pamwe chete nemamiriyoni e cubic metres. tsvina yakasviba yenharaunda yeChelyabinsk uye yavo. Biologist, avo vasina marevheti esimba, vanogona kungonyora shanduko muRed Book.

South Russian kupfeka

Mhuka iyi kubva marten mhuri anogara munzvimbo dzisina miti dzakaoma steppes uye semi-renje. Hazvishamisi kuti munzvimbo dzakarimwa yakawira muchikwata 1. Kufanana ne steppe polecat, mhuka iyi inonyanya kuvhima usiku: makonzo, shiri uye zviduku zviduku. Mhuka inomhanya uye inomhanya inodzivirira kuswedera kune vanhu uye nzvimbo dzakarimwa.

Kunyangwe mapfekero ekuvharisa ane mavara asina kukosha kune vavhimi, mhuka iyi iri kuita kushomeka uye kushomeka mune zvakasikwa.

Saiga – Saiga tatarica

Iyo subfamily yeantelopes, iyo saiga (k), iri mungozi zvakanyanya kunyangwe nemitemo yenyika. MuRed Book renharaunda yeOrenburg, mhuka iyi iriwo muchikwata 1. Vanhu vazhinji vanoziva izvi humpbacked antelope. Ichi chimiro chinotsanangurwa nekushanduka kwerudo runonzwika panguva yerut - varume vane simba zvikuru vanoita manzwi (kuburikidza nemhino) yenguva yakaderera, kusarudzwa kwekutanga kunoenda nenzira iyi zvakare.

Munharaunda yeOrenburg, kune nzvimbo yekuchengetedza nyika "Orenburgsky", iyo inosanganisira 4 nzvimbo dziri kure, iyo huru iyo "Ashchisaiskaya steppe" ine nzvimbo ye7200 hectares. Mumahekita, nhamba yacho inotarisa, zvichida, kunyange inonakidza, asi maererano nekuchengetedzwa kwesaigas, inonzwika sechiseko: boka rinotya rema antelopes richayambuka ndima inoyera 8 ne 9 km mumaminitsi asingasviki gumi. Saka mutsara unoti: mapoka maduku emasaigas anowanikwa kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwenharaunda yeOrenburg, inofanira kunzwisiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu aya - vanogona kudzungaira nemukana.

katsi steppe

Kune husimbe uye huzhinji hwekitsi, nzvimbo diki dzematura haisi kurasikirwa kukuru. Zvichida ndicho chikonzero mhuka iyi yakanaka iri muRed Book yeOrenburg Region. isiri ine njodzi chikamu 3. Mhuka dzayo zvikuru makonzo neshiri. Munguva yechando, kana magerbils asingauye kumusoro, katsi dzine nzara dzinogona kudzungaira kunogara vanhu uye kukwira muchikwere chehuku.

Mukupedzisa, tinogona kutaura kuti maitiro ehutsinye kune zvakasikwa akajairika kwete chete kudunhu reUral. Izvo zvakatipoteredza zveNorilsk uye chimiro cheKola Peninsula zvakapoteredza zvirimwa zvemaindasitiri zvinosiya pfungwa inoodza mwoyo. Chero bedzi dhora neeuro zvichiramba zviri mhuka dzinoyera, pachava nenzvimbo yakachengeteka yemhuka dzesango chikamu 0 chete muBhuku Dzvuku.