Yakafumiswa nharaunda yekati: chii chinofanira kunge chiri mumba?

Zvinoenderana nenhamba, muUK, mazhinji ekitsi epamba anokwanisa kuwana mugwagwa (Rochlitz, 2005): izvi zvinoonekwa sezvakasikwa kumatsi. MuUS, 50-60% yekatsi vanopedza hupenyu hwavo hwese vari mumba (Patronek et al., 1997). Veterinarian vekuAmerica vanokurudzira zvakasimba kuti varidzi vachengete katsi kumba (Buffington, 2002), sezvinoita vashandi vakawanda vepokugara. Uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeAustralia, nyanzvi dzakaratidza kunetseka kuti katsi dzinofamba dzoga dzinokuvadza zvakatipoteredza, pane kunyange mutemo wakadzikwa unorambidza, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo unorambidza zvachose kusununguka kwekatsi.

Chokwadi, free-range purr inouya nenjodzi huru, saka zvine hungwaru kuchengeta katsi iri mumba kana kufamba nayo munzvimbo yakachengeteka, yakakomberedzwa neruzhowa kana patambo. Kune rimwe divi, izvi zvinoita sezvinopesana nepfungwa ye5 rusununguko, kunyanya, inoganhura zvakanyanya rusununguko rwekushandisa mhando-yakajairika maitiro. Asi nerumwe rutivi, mahara mahara (uye njodzi dzinosangana nawo) haaite chinhu kutsiva mamiriro asina kunaka ehusungwa uye, zvakare, hazvienderane nekusununguka kubva mukukuvadzwa uye chirwere.

Kuita sei? Katsi inogona kubudirira here kana ikapedza hupenyu hwayo hwese iri mumba?

Pamwe kana iwe ukamugadzirira nzvimbo yakafumiswa. Saka unogadzira sei nharaunda yakafumiswa yekati yemukati?

1. Masayendisiti akadzidza maitiro ekitsi anokurudzira kuti purr inofanirwa kuwana zvishoma makamuri maviri (Mertens naSchär, 1988; Bernstein naSrack, 1996).
2. Kana paine katsi akati wandei, mumwe nemumwe wavo anofanira kunge aine zvishoma 10 sq.m nzvimbo (Bernstein naSrack, 1996). Muchiitiko ichi, pane mukana wekuti imwe neimwe yekati ichakwanisa kuwana kona yakakodzera yekuzorora kana kutamba chero nguva, uye haizopesani. Maererano nekudzidza (Barry naCrowell-Davis, 1999), kazhinji katsi chengetedza chinhambwe che1 kusvika ku3 metres kana kupfuura kubva kune mumwe, uye vanofanira kukwanisa kusaderedza daro iri.
3. Nekudaro, kwete chete nzvimbo ye1989bu1992bmukamuri yakakosha, asiwo kunaka kwekuzadza kwayo. Katsi dzinoshanda uye dzinoda kukwira (Eisenberg, 1993), uye nekudaro "matanho epamusoro" senzvimbo dzepamusoro uye nzvimbo dzakachengeteka (DeLuca naKranda, 1995; Holmes, XNUMX; James, XNUMX). Purrs inoda kuve nemidziyo "yechipiri" uye kunyange "yechitatu" pasi. Izvi zvinogona kuva zvigadzirwa zvakakosha zvinotengeswa muzvitoro zvemhuka, pamwe chete nemasherufu, sill yemahwindo uye mamwe akakodzera nzvimbo.
4. Kazhinji yezuva, katsi dzinorara kana kuzorora, izvo zvinoreva kuti zvakakosha kuvashongedza nazvo nzvimbo dzekurara dzakanaka ine nzvimbo dzakagadzikana senge mapadhi (Crouse et al., 1995) kana jira rakapfava (Hawthorne et al., 1995). Sezvo katsi dzichida kuzorora dziri dzoga pane kushamwaridzana nedzimwe mhuka (Podberscek et al., 1991), mukamuri munofanira kunge mune nzvimbo dzekurara dzakakwana (muyero wakajairwa: N + 1, apo N ndiyo nhamba yemhuka dziri mumba. )
5. Dzimwe nguva katsi dzinonzwa kudiwa kwekuhwanda, kusanganisira kudzivisa kusangana nedzimwe mhuka kana vanhu, uyewo mune chero mamiriro ezvinhu anonetsa (Carlstead et al., 1993; James, 1995; Rochlitz et al., 1998). Maererano nekuongorora (Barry naCrowell-Davis, 1999), katsi dzinopedza 48-50% yenguva yavo yakavanda kubva pakuona maziso. Naizvozvo, kunze kwenzvimbo dzekurara dzenguva dzose, "pokugara" inodiwa uko purrs inogona kuvanda. Schroll (2002) anotenda kuti imba inofanira kuva nayo kanenge kaviri "pokugara" pakitsi. Izvi zvinobatsira kudzivirira matambudziko mazhinji ehunhu.
6. Imba inofanira kuva nayo matireyi akakwana (yakajairwa fomula: N+1, uko N ndiyo nhamba yekatsi mumba) iri kure nenzvimbo yekuzorora uye yekudyisa. Matireyi anofanira kuiswa munzvimbo dzakanyarara uye kucheneswa kamwechete pazuva. Ramba uchifunga kuti katsi dzakasiyana dzine zvido zvakasiyana zvemarara, uye izvi zvinodiwa zvinofanirwa kuverengerwa. Sezvinei nezvido zvine chekuita nekugadzirwa kwe "chimbuzi" (yakavhurika kana yakavharwa).  
7. Zvinonyanya kukosha kuti katsi ikwanise kudzora zvakatipoteredza uye kuti isafinhikana (Broom naJohnson, 1993, mapeji 111–144). Kunyangwe kugara mumba kunogona kufinha kana muridzi asingape zvakakwana zvakasiyana-siyana (Wemelsfelder, 1991), katsi zvakare haafarire zvakanyanya kusatarisisa, sekuunzwa kwemhuka dzisina kujairika nevanhu kana shanduko kamwe kamwe mumaitiro ezuva nezuva (Carlstead et al., 1993) ) Mhinduro yekatsi kune huwandu hwekukurudzira kana shanduko inoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira hunhu hwekatsi (Lowe naBradshaw, 2001) uye ruzivo rwehupenyu. Zvinokurudzirwa kudzivisa kunyanyisa, asi panguva imwechete ipai kati mukana kudzora mamiriro ehupenyu uye kuita sarudzo (semuenzaniso, kusarudza matoyi akasiyana kana sarudzo dzekudya).
8. Katsi muvhimi akaberekwa, zvinoreva kuti inofanira kukwanisa kuratidza maitiro aya. Somuenzaniso, mu kuvhima simulation mitambo (kuvandira, kutevera uye kubata mhuka, nezvimwewo)