Sei uye chii turtles dzinofema pasi pemvura uye pasi, nhengo dzekufema dzegungwa uye nyika turtles

Zvinotendwa zvakanyanya kuti dzvuku-nzeve uye dzimwe turtles dzinofema pasi pemvura sehove - nemagill. Iyi ipfungwa isiri iyo - marudzi ose ehutu dzinokambaira uye dzinofema zvose pasi uye mumvura nenzira imwechete - nerubatsiro rwemapapu. Asi mhando yakakosha yenhengo dzekufema dzemhuka idzi dzinovabvumira kushandisa oxygen zvakanyanya mune zvehupfumi, saka vanogona kuchengetedza mweya uye kugara pasi pemvura kwenguva yakareba.

Chigadzirwa chekufema system

Mumhuka dzinoyamwisa, kusanganisira vanhu, pakufema, diaphragm inowedzera uye mweya unotorwa nemapapu - izvi zvinoitwa nembabvu dzinofamba. Mune turtles, nhengo dzose dzomukati dzakapoteredzwa nehombodo, uye nzvimbo yechipfuva haifambi, saka nzira yekutora mhepo yakasiyana zvachose. Nzira yekufema yemhuka idzi ine nhengo dzinotevera:

• mhino dzekunze - inhalation inoitwa kuburikidza navo;
• mhino dzemukati (dzinodaidzwa kuti choanas) - dziri mudenga uye dziri padyo nelaryngeal fissure;
• dilator - musuru unovhura larynx paunofema uye uchifema;
• pfupi trachea - ine cartilaginous zvindori, inoitisa mhepo kune bronchi;
• bronchi - davi mune maviri, kuitisa oksijeni kumapapu;
• mapapu matishu - ari pamativi, achitora chikamu chepamusoro chemuviri.

Turtle kufema kunoitwa nekuda kwemapoka maviri emasumbu ari mudumbu. Zvinokambaira hazvina diaphragm inoparadzanisa nhengo dzomukati kubva mumapapu; pakufemesa, tsandanyama dzinongosundira nhengo kure, zvichibvumira kuti spongy mapapu tishu kuzadza nzvimbo yose. Kana uchifemesa mweya, kudzokedzana kunoitika uye kudzvinyirirwa kwenhengo dzemukati kunoita kuti mapapu aite chibvumirano uye okanda kunze kwemhepo inobuda.

Kakawanda, paws uye musoro zvinobatanidzwawo kushingaira mukugadzirisa - nekuzvikwevera mukati, mhuka inoderedza nzvimbo yemukati yakasununguka uye inosundira mweya kubva mumapapu. Kusavapo kwe diaphragm kunobvisa kuumbwa kwemashure ekumanikidzwa muchipfuva, saka kukanganisa kumapapu hakuregi kufema. Nekuda kweizvi, kamba dzinogona kurarama kana goko ratsemuka.

Kutora kwemhepo kunogara kuchiitwa nemumhino. Kana kamba ikazarura muromo wayo uye ichiedza kufema nemuromo wayo, ichi chiratidzo chekurwara.

Futa

Nekuda kwechimiro chakaomarara chemaitiro ekufema, turtles haangofema chete, asi anogashira ruzivo nezve nyika yakavatenderedza kuburikidza nekunzwa kwavo kunhuwa. Kunhuwa ndiko kunobva ruzivo rwezvipfuyo izvi - izvo zvinodiwa pakubudirira kwekuwana chikafu, kutaridzika munzvimbo, uye kutaurirana nehama. Iyo olfactory receptors iri mumhino uye mumuromo wemhuka, saka, kuti itore mumhepo, turtle inoshingairira chibvumirano chemhasuru dzepasi remuromo. Kufemera mweya kunoitwa nemumhino, dzimwe nguva neruzha rwakapinza. Iwe unogona kazhinji kuona kuti mhuka yawns sei - ichi zvakare chikamu chemaitiro ekunhuhwirira.

Chishandiso chekufema system, pamwe nekushaikwa kwemhasuru dze diaphragm, zvinoita kuti zvisakwanise kukosora. Nokudaro, mhuka haigoni kubvisa zvakasununguka zvinhu zvekunze zvakapinda mubronchi, uye kazhinji inofa mumapurmonary inflammatory process.

Ingani turtles haigone kufema

Pakushambira pedyo nepamusoro pemvura, turtles dzinogara dzichikwira kumusoro kuti dzitore mhepo. Huwandu hwekufema paminiti zvinoenderana nerudzi rwemhuka, zera uye hukuru hwegoko rayo. Mhuka zhinji dzinofema maminetsi ega ega - mhuka dzemugungwa dzinokwira kumusoro maminitsi makumi maviri ega ega. Asi marudzi ese ekamba anogona kubata mweya wekufema kusvika maawa akati wandei.

Izvi zvinogoneka nekuda kwehuwandu hukuru hwemapapu tishu. Mune turtle tsvuku-nzeve, mapapu anotora 14% yemuviri. Nokudaro, mukufema kumwe chete, mhuka inogona kuwana oksijeni kwemaawa akawanda pasi pemvura. Kana iyo turtle isingashambi, asi yakarara pasi isingafambi, okisijeni inopedzwa zvakanyanya zvishoma nezvishoma, inogona kugara rinenge zuva.

Kusiyana nemarudzi emvura, turtles dzinoita kufema zvakanyanya, dzichitora kusvika 5-6 kufema paminiti.

Nzira dzisina kujairika dzekufema

Pamusoro pekufema kwakajairwa nemumhino, vamiriri vazhinji vemarudzi emvura yakachena vanokwanisa kugamuchira okisijeni neimwe nzira. Iwe unogona kunzwa kuti turtles dzomumvura dzinofema nemagaro avo - nzira yakadaro yakasiyana-siyana iripo, uye mhuka idzi dzinonzi "bimodally breathing". Masero anokosha ari muhuro yemhuka uye mu cloaca anokwanisa kutora oxygen kubva mumvura. Kufemerwa uye kubuda kwemvura kubva ku cloaca kunogadzira nzira inogona kunzi "booty breathing" - mamwe marudzi anoita gumi nemaviri mafambiro akadaro paminiti. Izvi zvinobvumira zvinokambaira kuita dive zvakadzika pasina kukwira kumusoro kwemaawa anosvika 10-12.

Mumiririri ane mukurumbira anoshandisa kaviri kufema system ndiyo Fitzroy tortoise, inogara murwizi rwezita rimwe chete muAustralia. Kamba iyi inofemera pasi pemvura, nekuda kwematishu akakosha mumabhegi evhavha akazadzwa nemidziyo yakawanda. Izvi zvinomupa mukana wekusayangarara pamusoro kusvika mazuva akati wandei. Kusakanganiswa kweiyi nzira yekufema ndeyepamusoro zvinodiwa zvekuchena kwemvura - mhuka haizokwanisi kuwana oksijeni kubva mumvura ine makore yakasvibiswa nekusvibiswa kwakasiyana-siyana.

Nzira yekufema kweanaerobic

Mushure mekutora kufema, turtle inonyura zvishoma nezvishoma, maitiro ekutorwa kweokisijeni kubva mumapapu kuenda muropa anoenderera mberi kwemaminitsi gumi kusvika makumi maviri. Carbon dioxide inoungana pasina kukonzera kushatirwa, pasina kuda kupera nekukurumidza, sezviri mumhuka dzinoyamwisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, kufema kweanaerobic kunoitwa, iyo padanho rekupedzisira rekutora inotsiva kuchinjana kwegasi kuburikidza nemukati wemapapu.

Munguva yekufema kweanaerobic, matishu ari kuseri kwehuro, mu cloaca, anoshandiswa - iyo layering inoita kuti mapedhi aya aite senge gill. Zvinongotora masekonzi mashoma kuti mhuka yacho ibvise carbon dioxide yobva yatorazve mweya sezvainokwira. Mhuka zhinji dzinofemera pamusoro mumvura dzisati dzasimudza musoro wadzo pamusoro pepamusoro uye dzichipinza mweya nemumhino dzadzo.

Kunze kweturtles dzegungwa - nhengo dzadzo dzekufema hadzibatanidzi matishu mu cloaca kana larynx, saka kuti vawane okisijeni, ivo vanofanirwa kuyangarara kumusoro uye kufema mweya nemumhino dzavo.

Kufema panguva yekurara

Dzimwe mhando dzekamba dzinopedza kurara kwadzo kwese pasi pemvura, dzimwe nguva dziri mudziva rakafukidzwa zvachose nechando. Kufema panguva ino kunoitwa anaerobically kuburikidza neganda, cesspool mabhegi uye akakosha kubuda mularynx. Maitiro ese emuviri panguva yekurara anononoka kana kumira, saka okisijeni inodiwa chete kupa moyo nehuropi.