Chikafu chine muto cheguinea pigs
Zvokudya zvine muto zvinosanganisira michero, miriwo, midzi mbesa uye magaka. Zvose zvavo zvinodyiwa nemhuka, zvine kudya kwepamusoro, zvakapfuma mumakrohydrates nyore nyore, asi zvishoma zvishoma muprotein, mafuta uye zvicherwa, kunyanya zvakakosha zvakadai se calcium uye phosphorus.
Yero uye tsvuku mhando dzemakarotsi, ane yakawanda yecarotene, ndiyo inonyanya kukosha inonaka yekudya kubva kumidzi yezvirimwa. Vanowanzo kupiwa vakadzi panguva yekuzvitakura nekuyamwisa, kubereka varume panguva yekusangana, pamwe nemhuka duku.
Kubva kune zvimwe zvirimwa zvemidzi, mhuka dzinodya neshuga beet, rutabaga, turnips, uye turnips.
Rutabaga (Brassica napus L. subsp. napus) inoberekerwa midzi yayo inodyiwa. Rudzi rwemidzi chena kana yero, uye chikamu chepamusoro, ichibuda kubva muvhu, chinowana girinhi, tsvuku-tsvuku kana yepepuru tani. Nyama yemudzi wembeu ine muto, ine dense, yero, isingawanzo chena, inotapira, ine chaiyo kuravira kwemafuta emasitadhi. Mudzi weSwede une 11-17% yakaoma zvinhu, kusanganisira 5-10% shuga, inomiririrwa zvakanyanya neglucose, inosvika 2% crude protein, 1,2% fiber, 0,2% mafuta, uye 23-70 mg% ascorbic acid. . (vitamini C), mavitamini emapoka B uye P, munyu we potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, sulfur. Midzi mbesa inochengetwa zvakanaka mudzimba dzepasi uye mumakamuri pazasi tembiricha uye inoramba iri nyowani gore rose. Midzi yezvirimwa nemashizha (pamusoro) zvinodyiwa nemhuka dzepamusha, saka rutabaga inorimwa zvose sekudya uye kudya kwekudya.
Karoti (Daucus sativus (Hoffm.) Roehl) chirimwa chinogara makore maviri kubva kumhuri yeOrchidaceae chirimwa chakakosha chekudya, midzi yaro inodya nyore marudzi ese ezvipfuyo nehuku. Mhando dzakasiyana dzefodhi karoti dzakave dzakagadzirwa, dzinosiyaniswa nehukuru midzi saizi uye, nekudaro, goho rakakura. Kwete chete midzi midzi, asiwo karoti mashizha anoshandiswa pakudya. Karoti midzi ine 10-19% yakaoma nyaya, kusanganisira kusvika 2,5% mapuroteni uye kusvika 12% shuga. Iyo shuga inopa kunakidza kunofadza kwemidzi yekaroti. Mukuwedzera, midzi midzi ine pectin, mavhitaminzi C (kusvika 20 mg%), B1, B2, B6, E, K, P, PP, calcium, phosphorus, iron, cobalt, boron, chromium, mhangura, ayodhini uye mamwe maitiro. zvinhu. Asi iyo yakawanda ye carotene dhayi mumidzi (kusvika 37 mg%) inopa kukosha kwakakosha kune karoti. Muvanhu nemhuka, carotene inoshandurwa kuva vhitamini A, iyo inowanzoshaya. Nokudaro, kudya karoti kunobatsira kwete zvakanyanya nekuda kwehutano hwayo, asi nokuti inopa muviri kunenge kune mavhitamini ose aunoda.
turnip (Brassica rapa L.) inorimwa midzi yayo inodyika. Nyama yemudzi wembeu ine muto, yero kana kuti chena, ine zvinonaka zvinonaka. Izvo zvine kubva pa8 kusvika ku17% yakaoma zvinhu, kusanganisira 3,5-9%. Shuga, inomiririrwa zvakanyanya neglucose, inosvika 2% crude protein, 1.4% fiber, 0,1% mafuta, pamwe ne19-73 mg% ascorbic acid (vitamin C), 0,08-0,12 mg% thiamine ( vhitamini B1 ), riboflavin shoma (vitamini B2), carotene (provitamin A), nicotinic acid (vitamini PP), munyu we potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, sulfur. Mafuta emasitadhi ari mairi anopa kunhuhwirira kwakananga uye kuravira kunotyisa kumudzi weturnip. Munguva yechando, midzi yemidzi inochengeterwa muma cellars uye cellars. Kuchengetedza kwakanakisisa kunovimbiswa murima pakupisa kwe0 ° kusvika 1 ° C, kunyanya kana midzi yakasaswa nejecha rakaoma kana peat chips. Turnip stern courts inonzi turnips. Kwete zvirimwa zvemidzi chete zvinodyiswa, asiwo turnip mashizha.
Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. esculenta Guerke), chirimwa chinogara makore maviri kubva kumhuri yemhute, ndechimwe chefodhi chinonaka. Midzi yezvirimwa zvemarudzi akasiyana zvakasiyana muchimiro, saizi, ruvara. Kazhinji midzi yemiti yetafura beet haipfuuri hafu yekirogiramu uremu nehupamhi hwe 10-20 cm. Iyo pulp yemidzi yezvirimwa inouya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzetsvuku uye crimson. Mashizha ane cordate-ovate ndiro uye panzvimbo yakareba petioles. Iyo petiole uye yepakati tsinga inowanzova yakanyanya burgundy muruvara, kazhinji shizha rose rakatsvuka-girinhi.
Zvose midzi nemashizha uye mapetioles avo anodyiwa. Midzi mbesa ine 14-20% yakaoma zvinhu, kusanganisira 8-12,5% shuga, inomiririrwa zvakanyanya ne sucrose, 1-2,4% crude protein, inenge 1,2% pectin, 0,7% fiber, uye zvakare. kusvika ku25 mg% ye ascorbic acid (vitamini C), mavitamini B1, B2, P uye PP, malic, tartaric, lactic acids, munyu we potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium. Mune beet petioles, zvinyorwa zvevhitamini C zvakatonyanya kudarika mumidzi midzi - kusvika ku50 mg%.
Beet zvakare iri nyore nekuti midzi yavo yezvirimwa, ichienzaniswa nemimwe miriwo, inosiyaniswa nekureruka kwakanaka - haiparare kwenguva yakareba panguva yekuchengetedza kwenguva refu, inochengetwa nyore nyore kusvika muchirimo, iyo inobvumira kuti idyiwe nyowani inenge yese. gore rose. Kunyange zvazvo vachiva vakashata uye vakaoma panguva imwe chete, iyi haisi dambudziko remakonzo, ivo vanoda kudya chero beet.
Nechinangwa chekudya, mhando dzakasiyana dzebeet dzakagadzirwa. Rudzi rwefodder beet midzi yakasiyana zvikuru - kubva kune inenge chena kusvika kune yakanyanya yero, orenji, pink uye tsvuku. Kukosha kwavo kwekudya kunotarirwa nezviri mukati me6-12% shuga, imwe chiyero cheprotein uye mavitamini.
Midzi uye tuber zvirimwa, kunyanya munguva yechando, inoita basa rinokosha pakudya kwemhuka. Midzi mbesa (turnips, beet, nezvimwewo) inofanira kupiwa mbishi mune yakachekwa fomu; dzinogara dzacheneswa kubva pasi uye dzakasukwa.
Miriwo uye midzi yezvirimwa zvakagadzirirwa kudyisa sezvinotevera: vanoronga, vanorasa zvakaora, flabby, midzi yemidzi yakasvibiswa, uyewo kubvisa ivhu, tsvina, nezvimwewo. Zvadaro cheka nzvimbo dzakakanganiswa nebanga, suka uye ucheke kuita zvidimbu zviduku.
Gourds - nhanga, zucchini, fodder watermelon - ine mvura yakawanda (90% kana kupfuura), semugumisiro wekuti hutano hwavo hwose hwakaderera, asi hunodyiwa nemhuka nechido. Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L var, giromontia Duch.) chirimwa chakanaka chekudya. Inorimwa nokuda kwezvibereko zvayo. Michero inosvika pakutengesa (technical) kuibva 40-60 mazuva mushure mekumera. Mune mamiriro ekuibva kwehunyanzvi, ganda re zucchini rakapfava, nyama ine muto, chena, uye mbeu haisati yafukidzwa negoko rakaoma. Iyo pulp yemuchero we squash ine kubva ku4 kusvika ku12% yakaoma zvinhu, kusanganisira 2-2,5% shuga, pectin, 12-40 mg% ascorbic acid (vitamini C). Gare gare, apo michero ye squash inosvika pakuibva kwehupenyu, kukosha kwavo kwekudya kunodonha zvakanyanya, nokuti nyama inorasikirwa nejuiciness uye inova inenge yakaoma seyokunze bark, umo mutsara we mechanical tissue - sclerenchyma - inokura. Zvibereko zvakaibva zve zucchini zvakakodzera chete kumafuro ezvipfuwo. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Magaka akakodzera biologically ane 6-15-mazuva ekuberekwa mazai. Ruvara rwadzo pakutengeserana (kureva kuti harina kuibva) rakasvibira, nekuibva kwakazara kwebhayoloji dzinoita yero, shava kana kure-chena. Magaka ane kubva pa2 kusvika pa6% yakaoma zvinhu, kusanganisira 1-2,5% yeshuga, 0,5-1% crude protein, 0,7% fiber, 0,1% mafuta, uye kusvika ku20 mg% carotene (provitamin A). ), mavhitaminzi B1, B2, zvimwe trace elements (kunyanya ayodhini), calcium munyu (kusvika 150 mg%), sodium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, etc. Kunyanya kutaurwa kunofanira kuitwa ye cucurbitacin glycoside iri mumagaka. Kazhinji isu hatizvione, asi mumamiriro ezvinhu apo chinhu ichi chinounganidza, cucumber kana zvikamu zvayo, kazhinji matishu epamusoro, anovava, asingadyiki. 94-98% yehuwandu hwegaka imvura, saka, kukosha kwekudya kwemuriwo uyu kwakaderera. Cucumber inokurudzira kutora zviri nani kwezvimwe zvikafu, kunyanya, inovandudza kubatwa kwemafuta. Zvibereko zvechirimwa ichi zvine ma enzymes anowedzera basa revhithamini B.
Zvokudya zvine muto zvinosanganisira michero, miriwo, midzi mbesa uye magaka. Zvose zvavo zvinodyiwa nemhuka, zvine kudya kwepamusoro, zvakapfuma mumakrohydrates nyore nyore, asi zvishoma zvishoma muprotein, mafuta uye zvicherwa, kunyanya zvakakosha zvakadai se calcium uye phosphorus.
Yero uye tsvuku mhando dzemakarotsi, ane yakawanda yecarotene, ndiyo inonyanya kukosha inonaka yekudya kubva kumidzi yezvirimwa. Vanowanzo kupiwa vakadzi panguva yekuzvitakura nekuyamwisa, kubereka varume panguva yekusangana, pamwe nemhuka duku.
Kubva kune zvimwe zvirimwa zvemidzi, mhuka dzinodya neshuga beet, rutabaga, turnips, uye turnips.
Rutabaga (Brassica napus L. subsp. napus) inoberekerwa midzi yayo inodyiwa. Rudzi rwemidzi chena kana yero, uye chikamu chepamusoro, ichibuda kubva muvhu, chinowana girinhi, tsvuku-tsvuku kana yepepuru tani. Nyama yemudzi wembeu ine muto, ine dense, yero, isingawanzo chena, inotapira, ine chaiyo kuravira kwemafuta emasitadhi. Mudzi weSwede une 11-17% yakaoma zvinhu, kusanganisira 5-10% shuga, inomiririrwa zvakanyanya neglucose, inosvika 2% crude protein, 1,2% fiber, 0,2% mafuta, uye 23-70 mg% ascorbic acid. . (vitamini C), mavitamini emapoka B uye P, munyu we potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, sulfur. Midzi mbesa inochengetwa zvakanaka mudzimba dzepasi uye mumakamuri pazasi tembiricha uye inoramba iri nyowani gore rose. Midzi yezvirimwa nemashizha (pamusoro) zvinodyiwa nemhuka dzepamusha, saka rutabaga inorimwa zvose sekudya uye kudya kwekudya.
Karoti (Daucus sativus (Hoffm.) Roehl) chirimwa chinogara makore maviri kubva kumhuri yeOrchidaceae chirimwa chakakosha chekudya, midzi yaro inodya nyore marudzi ese ezvipfuyo nehuku. Mhando dzakasiyana dzefodhi karoti dzakave dzakagadzirwa, dzinosiyaniswa nehukuru midzi saizi uye, nekudaro, goho rakakura. Kwete chete midzi midzi, asiwo karoti mashizha anoshandiswa pakudya. Karoti midzi ine 10-19% yakaoma nyaya, kusanganisira kusvika 2,5% mapuroteni uye kusvika 12% shuga. Iyo shuga inopa kunakidza kunofadza kwemidzi yekaroti. Mukuwedzera, midzi midzi ine pectin, mavhitaminzi C (kusvika 20 mg%), B1, B2, B6, E, K, P, PP, calcium, phosphorus, iron, cobalt, boron, chromium, mhangura, ayodhini uye mamwe maitiro. zvinhu. Asi iyo yakawanda ye carotene dhayi mumidzi (kusvika 37 mg%) inopa kukosha kwakakosha kune karoti. Muvanhu nemhuka, carotene inoshandurwa kuva vhitamini A, iyo inowanzoshaya. Nokudaro, kudya karoti kunobatsira kwete zvakanyanya nekuda kwehutano hwayo, asi nokuti inopa muviri kunenge kune mavhitamini ose aunoda.
turnip (Brassica rapa L.) inorimwa midzi yayo inodyika. Nyama yemudzi wembeu ine muto, yero kana kuti chena, ine zvinonaka zvinonaka. Izvo zvine kubva pa8 kusvika ku17% yakaoma zvinhu, kusanganisira 3,5-9%. Shuga, inomiririrwa zvakanyanya neglucose, inosvika 2% crude protein, 1.4% fiber, 0,1% mafuta, pamwe ne19-73 mg% ascorbic acid (vitamin C), 0,08-0,12 mg% thiamine ( vhitamini B1 ), riboflavin shoma (vitamini B2), carotene (provitamin A), nicotinic acid (vitamini PP), munyu we potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium, sulfur. Mafuta emasitadhi ari mairi anopa kunhuhwirira kwakananga uye kuravira kunotyisa kumudzi weturnip. Munguva yechando, midzi yemidzi inochengeterwa muma cellars uye cellars. Kuchengetedza kwakanakisisa kunovimbiswa murima pakupisa kwe0 ° kusvika 1 ° C, kunyanya kana midzi yakasaswa nejecha rakaoma kana peat chips. Turnip stern courts inonzi turnips. Kwete zvirimwa zvemidzi chete zvinodyiswa, asiwo turnip mashizha.
Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L. subsp. esculenta Guerke), chirimwa chinogara makore maviri kubva kumhuri yemhute, ndechimwe chefodhi chinonaka. Midzi yezvirimwa zvemarudzi akasiyana zvakasiyana muchimiro, saizi, ruvara. Kazhinji midzi yemiti yetafura beet haipfuuri hafu yekirogiramu uremu nehupamhi hwe 10-20 cm. Iyo pulp yemidzi yezvirimwa inouya mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzetsvuku uye crimson. Mashizha ane cordate-ovate ndiro uye panzvimbo yakareba petioles. Iyo petiole uye yepakati tsinga inowanzova yakanyanya burgundy muruvara, kazhinji shizha rose rakatsvuka-girinhi.
Zvose midzi nemashizha uye mapetioles avo anodyiwa. Midzi mbesa ine 14-20% yakaoma zvinhu, kusanganisira 8-12,5% shuga, inomiririrwa zvakanyanya ne sucrose, 1-2,4% crude protein, inenge 1,2% pectin, 0,7% fiber, uye zvakare. kusvika ku25 mg% ye ascorbic acid (vitamini C), mavitamini B1, B2, P uye PP, malic, tartaric, lactic acids, munyu we potassium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, magnesium. Mune beet petioles, zvinyorwa zvevhitamini C zvakatonyanya kudarika mumidzi midzi - kusvika ku50 mg%.
Beet zvakare iri nyore nekuti midzi yavo yezvirimwa, ichienzaniswa nemimwe miriwo, inosiyaniswa nekureruka kwakanaka - haiparare kwenguva yakareba panguva yekuchengetedza kwenguva refu, inochengetwa nyore nyore kusvika muchirimo, iyo inobvumira kuti idyiwe nyowani inenge yese. gore rose. Kunyange zvazvo vachiva vakashata uye vakaoma panguva imwe chete, iyi haisi dambudziko remakonzo, ivo vanoda kudya chero beet.
Nechinangwa chekudya, mhando dzakasiyana dzebeet dzakagadzirwa. Rudzi rwefodder beet midzi yakasiyana zvikuru - kubva kune inenge chena kusvika kune yakanyanya yero, orenji, pink uye tsvuku. Kukosha kwavo kwekudya kunotarirwa nezviri mukati me6-12% shuga, imwe chiyero cheprotein uye mavitamini.
Midzi uye tuber zvirimwa, kunyanya munguva yechando, inoita basa rinokosha pakudya kwemhuka. Midzi mbesa (turnips, beet, nezvimwewo) inofanira kupiwa mbishi mune yakachekwa fomu; dzinogara dzacheneswa kubva pasi uye dzakasukwa.
Miriwo uye midzi yezvirimwa zvakagadzirirwa kudyisa sezvinotevera: vanoronga, vanorasa zvakaora, flabby, midzi yemidzi yakasvibiswa, uyewo kubvisa ivhu, tsvina, nezvimwewo. Zvadaro cheka nzvimbo dzakakanganiswa nebanga, suka uye ucheke kuita zvidimbu zviduku.
Gourds - nhanga, zucchini, fodder watermelon - ine mvura yakawanda (90% kana kupfuura), semugumisiro wekuti hutano hwavo hwose hwakaderera, asi hunodyiwa nemhuka nechido. Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L var, giromontia Duch.) chirimwa chakanaka chekudya. Inorimwa nokuda kwezvibereko zvayo. Michero inosvika pakutengesa (technical) kuibva 40-60 mazuva mushure mekumera. Mune mamiriro ekuibva kwehunyanzvi, ganda re zucchini rakapfava, nyama ine muto, chena, uye mbeu haisati yafukidzwa negoko rakaoma. Iyo pulp yemuchero we squash ine kubva ku4 kusvika ku12% yakaoma zvinhu, kusanganisira 2-2,5% shuga, pectin, 12-40 mg% ascorbic acid (vitamini C). Gare gare, apo michero ye squash inosvika pakuibva kwehupenyu, kukosha kwavo kwekudya kunodonha zvakanyanya, nokuti nyama inorasikirwa nejuiciness uye inova inenge yakaoma seyokunze bark, umo mutsara we mechanical tissue - sclerenchyma - inokura. Zvibereko zvakaibva zve zucchini zvakakodzera chete kumafuro ezvipfuwo. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Magaka akakodzera biologically ane 6-15-mazuva ekuberekwa mazai. Ruvara rwadzo pakutengeserana (kureva kuti harina kuibva) rakasvibira, nekuibva kwakazara kwebhayoloji dzinoita yero, shava kana kure-chena. Magaka ane kubva pa2 kusvika pa6% yakaoma zvinhu, kusanganisira 1-2,5% yeshuga, 0,5-1% crude protein, 0,7% fiber, 0,1% mafuta, uye kusvika ku20 mg% carotene (provitamin A). ), mavhitaminzi B1, B2, zvimwe trace elements (kunyanya ayodhini), calcium munyu (kusvika 150 mg%), sodium, calcium, phosphorus, iron, etc. Kunyanya kutaurwa kunofanira kuitwa ye cucurbitacin glycoside iri mumagaka. Kazhinji isu hatizvione, asi mumamiriro ezvinhu apo chinhu ichi chinounganidza, cucumber kana zvikamu zvayo, kazhinji matishu epamusoro, anovava, asingadyiki. 94-98% yehuwandu hwegaka imvura, saka, kukosha kwekudya kwemuriwo uyu kwakaderera. Cucumber inokurudzira kutora zviri nani kwezvimwe zvikafu, kunyanya, inovandudza kubatwa kwemafuta. Zvibereko zvechirimwa ichi zvine ma enzymes anowedzera basa revhithamini B.
Chikafu chegirini cheguinea pigs
Nguruve dzeGuinea ndeye mhedziso yezvinomera, saka chikafu chakasvibira ndicho hwaro hwekudya kwavo. Kuti uwane ruzivo rwezvinomera uye zvinomera zvinogona kushandiswa seyakasvibira chikafu chenguruve, verenga chinyorwa.
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