Leptospirosis mu imbwa

Leptospirosis chirwere chezoonotic, zvinoreva kuti chirwere chinogona kutapurirwa kubva kumhuka kuenda kuvanhu. Nokudaro, kudzivirira kwehutachiona hwembwa kunobata zvakananga hutano hwedu.

Imbwa dzemarudzi ose nemazera dzinobatwa nehutachiona zvakaenzana. Chinhu chakakosha chinogona kunge chiri mamiriro emhuka.

Chirwere ichi chiripo kumakondinendi ese kunze kweAntarctica. Asi inowanzoitika munzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze anodziya uye mvura yakawanda yegore negore. Ichi chirwere chine ngozi chinozviratidza muzviratidzo zvakasiyana-siyana uye kazhinji chinouraya imbwa.

Nzira yechirwere

Leptospirosis mumhuka inozviratidza nenzira dzakasiyana: inogona kuitika mune yakaoma, subacute, isingaperi mafomu. Iyo yekupedzisira kazhinji inoshanduka kuita asymptomatic leptospiron ngoro. Imbwa dzinogona kurwara kubva kumwedzi mishoma kusvika kumakore akati wandei. Nguva yakanonoka yechirwere chechirwere (kureva, kubva panguva iyo mabhakitiriya anopinda mumuviri kusvikira zviratidzo zvekutanga zvichionekwa) mazuva 4-14.

Ko leptospirosis inoparadzirwa sei?

Leptospira inotapurirwa zvakananga (nekubata kweganda rakakuvadzwa, intact mucous membranes ine weti ine hutachiona, mukaka, tsvina, urume) kana kazhinji zvisina kunanga (kuburikidza nekunze kwezvakatipoteredza, zvinhu zvemumba). Kuwanda kwemhuka kunogona kuwedzera mukana wekutapukirwa (somuenzaniso, kuchengeta imbwa mumatanga).

Leptospira inogona kugara kwemwedzi yakawanda muvhu nyoro nemvura. Uye makonzo ndiwo anotakura leptospira kweupenyu hwose. Saizvozvo, mushure mekunwa mvura kubva padziva rakamira, kudya gonzo, kana kusangana nembwa ine hutachiona, chipfuyo chinomhanyisa njodzi yekuwana leptospirosis.

Saka, izvo zvinonyanya kukonzera njodzi yekutapukirwa neleptospirosis ndezvi:

• kubata zvakananga nemhuka dzine utachiona;
• kusangana nenzvimbo yakasvibiswa (somuenzaniso, miviri yemvura, ivhu).

Zviratidzo zveLeptospirosis muImbwa

Utachiona hweLeptospiral hunogona kukonzera kuwanda kwezviratidzo zvekiriniki, kubva kune zvinyoro, kuzvigadzirisa zviratidzo kusvika kune zvakanyanya, zvinotyisidzira hupenyu.

Uyewo, zviratidzo zvekliniki zve leptospirosis mumbwa zvinosiyana kubva pachimiro chechirwere chechirwere, mamiriro ekudzivirira zvirwere zvemhuka, zvakatipoteredza zvinokanganisa muviri wemhuka, uye "kushungurudza" kwepathogen.

Zviratidzo zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa zvecanine leptospirosis fivha, kudedera, uye kurwadza kwemasuru. Uyezve, kushaya simba, kurasikirwa kwechido, kurutsa, manyoka, kukurumidza kufema, kukosora, kubuda kwemhino, jaundice yekuoneka mucous membranes uye ganda rinogona kuonekwa. Coagulation kusagadzikana uye kukuvara kwevascular zvinogona kuitika, zvichiratidzwa nehematemesis, stool ine ropa (melena), epistaxis, uye kubuda kweganda. Mhuka dzinorwara zvakanyanya dziri mukusaziva, hadzipindure kune zvekunze zvinokurudzira uye hazvigone kuzvimiririra kuchengetedza tembiricha yemuviri.

Kunyengera kwechirwere, kunze kwezviratidzo zvakakura, zvakare mune chokwadi chokuti inogona kuenderera zvachose pasina zviratidzo.

Kuti uongorore hutachiona uhu uye hunoenderana nemaitiro ehutachiona muimbwa, zvinodikanwa kutora anamnesis, kuitisa kuongororwa kwekiriniki, kuita hematological uye serological bvunzo dzeropa (kuona kuwedzera kwea antibodies kune leptospira), PCR, urinalysis, uye, kana. zvakakodzera, ita ultrasound kuongorora abdominal cavity. , x-ray diagnostics.

Ngozi kuvanhu

Izvi zvakakosha kutaurwa zvakare uye kunyange kanopfuura kamwe, nekuti hutachiona hweLeptospiral hunozivikanwa seyakanyanya kujairika zooanthroponosis, iyo inotora imwe yenzvimbo dzekutanga maererano nekuoma kwekosi yekiriniki, kuwanda kwekufa uye kwenguva refu mhedzisiro yekiriniki mu. vanhu. 

Munyika dzakabudirira, zviitiko zvakawanda zve leptospirosis muvanhu zvinokonzerwa nemitambo yekuvaraidza uchishandisa mvura. Vanhu vanosangana nemhuka dzepapurazi vari panjodziwo. Munyika dzichiri kusimukira, dura reutachiona hwevanhu imbwa dzinorasika nemakonzo.

Muvanhu, zviratidzo zvechirwere zvinowanzoitika mushure mekuvhara nguva (pasina kuratidzwa kwekliniki), iyo inogona kupera kubva pamazuva maviri kusvika ku2, uye inosiyana zvichienderana nekuoma. Chirwere ichi chinogona kuramba chiri asymptomatic mune vamwe vanhu (subclinical). Vamwe vangava nechirwere chakaita sefuruu. Izvo zvakanyanya kuratidzwa kwe leptospirosis chiropa, kutadza kwetsvo, uye mune dzimwe nguva, kukanganisa kune ese organ system, kusanganisira yemoyo, yekufema uye genitourinary system (yakawanda organ kukundikana).

Kurapa kwe leptospirosis mumbwa

Kurapa kwecanine leptospirosis kunoenderana nekuoma kwehutachiona. Mhuka dzine chirwere chakasimbiswa, pamwe chete nemhuka dzine chimiro chekiriniki yemufananidzo uye nhoroondo, asi pasina kuongororwa kwakasimbiswa panguva ino, inofanira kugamuchira musanganiswa wemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya uye kurapwa kwekugadzirisa.

Nheyo yekurapa ndeye antibiotic therapy. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yembwa dzine leptospirosis inokurudzirwa mishonga yepenicillin kana kuti doxycycline. Nzira yekutonga ndeyemuromo (nechikafu kana mumuromo zvekumanikidza). Kana mhuka yemhuka ine kurutsa, kurasikirwa kwechido, anorexia, zvino zvakakosha kushandisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya parenterally (intravenously, subcutaneously, intramuscularly).

Uyewo, kutarisisa kwakakodzera mukurapa kunopiwa kuhutano hwekugadzirisa chero bedzi mamiriro emurwere achida (kupererwa nemvura, hypoglycemia, kusaenzana kwe electrolyte, nezvimwewo). Mhuka dzine leptospirosis dzingada maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekutsigira, zvichienderana nekuoma kwechirwere uye nhengo dzakakanganiswa. Zvinokurudzirwa zvinosanganisira kudzoreredzwa nemvura nemishonga inodhaka (droppers), kugadziriswa kwe electrolyte uye acid-base disturbances, uye symptomatic therapy (antiemetics, mishonga yemarwadzo, rubatsiro rwekudya).

Kana imbwa isingadyi yega kwemazuva anopfuura matatu, pombi yekudyisa inofanira kuiswa. Inobvumira chikafu kuti chiunzwe zvakananga kudumbu, ichipfuura nemuromo uye pasina kutsamwisa chikafu mumbwa, ichidzivirira kusada kwemurwere kudya.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru, kuwedzerwa ropa, hemodialysis, artificial lung ventilation (ALV) inogona kudiwa.

Rehabilitation

Kana ukatapukirwa ne leptospirosis, kurapa kwakakwana kunogoneka. Asi, kana chirwere chacho chichienderera mberi nezvinetso (somuenzaniso, kukanganisa kwerenal basa), kupora kunogona kupfuurira kwemwedzi inoverengeka mushure mekutanga kugadzikana kwemamiriro emhuka. Zvose zvinogona kuitwa pasina kuchipatara, kana chirwere chemurwere chichibvumira, asi pane zviitiko zvinoda kuongororwa zuva nezuva nechiremba wemhuka, uye ipapo imbwa inoiswa muchipatara chezvirwere zvinotapukira. Uye zvino, mushure mokubuda, mhuka yakadaro inoongororwa kakawanda, kutanga mavhiki 1-3, uye kamwe chete pamwedzi 1-6.

Matambudziko mushure mekurwara

Matambudziko makuru mushure me leptospirosis akataurwa pamusoro apa uye ndiko kukura kwekusingaperi renal kusakundikana uye kukanganisa kwehepatobiliary system (encephalopathy, ascites, etc. inogona kuitika) mune dzimwe imbwa. Mamiriro aya haachapora zvachose uye anoda kutariswa nguva nenguva nekushanya kuna chiremba wemhuka.

Matanho ekudzivirira

Chimwe chezvipingamupinyi zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona mumbwa ndeyekusangana nemhuka dzinorwara uye zvisikwa zvadzo zvechisikigo. Nokudaro, zvakakosha kuparadzanisa imbwa dzine utachiona uye kutevera mitemo yehutsanana, shandisa antiseptics paunenge uchishanda navo, kuitira kuti usaendesa chirwere kune dzimwe mhuka.

Kudzivirira kwakakosha mukudzivirira zvirwere mumbwa. Pamusoro pazvo, matanho ekudzivirira anotevera anokurudzirwa:

• kuuraya utachiona hwenzvimbo, nzvimbo dzekunze, zvinhu zvemumba zvaishandiswa nembwa dzine utachiona;
• zvinorambidzwa kupinza imbwa dzinorwara uye dzakadzorerwa kumakennels;
• usadyise imbwa dzisina kusimbiswa nachiremba wemhuka zvinouraya zvigadzirwa;
• usabvumira mhuka dzisina kuvharwa ne leptospirosis kuti dzibatanidzwe muzviratidzo uye zviitiko;
• usafamba imbwa mumugwagwa dzisina kubayiwa kurwisa leptospirosis nezvimwe zvirwere zvinotapukira panguva;
• usabvumira imbwa kushamba mumvura isingayereri, kusanganisira iyo iri mukati meguta;
• inokurudzirwa kuroorana chete kana vanhu vose vari vaviri vakavharidzirwa neptospirosis nezvimwe zvirwere zvinotapukira mukati menguva yakatarwa;
• chengetedza kupedzwa kwakarongeka kwemakonzo munzvimbo dzekugara uye munharaunda yenzvimbo;
• imbwa dzinofanira kuita tsvina kure nemvura yakamira, apo dzimwe mhuka nevanhu, kunyanya vana, havazowani;
• imbwa inorwara inofanira kuparadzaniswa zvose kubva kune dzimwe mhuka uye kubva kune vanhu vasina ruzivo vasina ruzivo;
• pakushanda nemhuka dzine utachiona, tsvina yadzo (weti, tsvina) uye zvinhu zvemumba zvine utachiona (ndiro, matireyi, nezvimwewo), magirovhosi elatex, masiki nemagogi zvinofanira kushandiswa (pakusuka nzvimbo dzine tsvina nehosi).

Nzira yakanakisisa yekudzivirira kubva kune leptospirosis ndeyekudzivirira! Chirwere chacho chiri nyore kudzivirira pane kurapa.

Canine leptospirosis vaccinations

Leptospirosis inogona kudzivirirwa nekudzivirira. Mhuka dzine utano hwakanaka kubva kumasvondo masere ezera dzinozviisa pasi pazvo. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kuvhara kunongodzivirira imbwa pamatambudziko mashomanana e-causative agent ye leptospirosis, iyo inonzi inowanzozivikanwa. Uye kana imbwa ikasangana nehosha iyo isina kuvharwa, saka chirwere chinogona kuramba chichikura. Mushure mekudzivirira, kudzivirira kunoitika mushure memazuva gumi nemana kusvika kumwedzi gumi nemaviri.

Vaccination inonyanya kushanda kana hurongwa hwekutanga uye kudzoreredzwa kwejekiseni kwakanyatso kuteedzerwa, maererano nekurudziro inogamuchirwa. Revaccination inofanira kuitwa gore negore.

Imbwa dzisina kubayiwa kurwisa leptospirosis kwemwedzi inopfuura 18 dzinofanira kugamuchira 2 doses yemushonga 3-4 vhiki dziri kure, sekunge dzakabaiwa kekutanga muhupenyu hwavo.

Imbwa dziri pangozi yakakura mumamiriro ekunze ane kutonhora kwechando dzinofanira kubayiwa muchirimo.

Kusvika iye zvino, kune marudzi akawanda emishonga yekudzivirira leptospirosis, iyo yakasiyana kubva kune imwe neimwe muhuwandu hwehuwandu hweserovars (matanho) e leptospira:

1. 2-serovar vaccines (Nobivac Lepto, Netherlands yakabva), Eurican (France yakabva), Vangard (Belgium yakabva);

2. Mishonga ine 3 serovars (Eurican yakawanda, nyika yekugadzira France), Multican (nyika yekugadzira Russia);

3. Mishonga ine 4 serovars (Nobivac L4, Netherlands).

Kubatsira kwejekiseni kunopfuura zvakanyanya kukuvadza kunogona kuitika kumhuka, uye maitiro asina kunaka haawanzo. Mumwe nemumwe anogadzira anovimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwechigadzirwa chavo kuburikidza nezvidzidzo zvakawanda.

Chero zvazvingava, mushure mokunge mushonga wacho wapiwa, unogona kugara mukiriniki yezvipfuyo kwemaminitsi makumi maviri-20 kuti uone maitiro emuviri wemhuka kumushonga unopiwa.

Chinyorwa hachisi kudana kuita!

Kuti uwane ruzivo rwakadzama rwedambudziko, tinokurudzira kubata nyanzvi.

Bvunza chiremba wemhuka

17 September 2020

Yakagadziridzwa: Kukadzi 13, 2021