Ostrich ishiri isingabhururuka: subspecies, chikafu, mararamiro, kukurumidza uye kubereka

Mhou yeAfrica (lat. Struthio camelus) ishiri isingabhururuka ratite, iyo chete inomiririra mhuri yemhou (Struthinodae).

Zita resainzi reshiri iyi muchiGiriki rinoreva "shiri duku yengamera".

Nhasi, mhou ndiyo yega shiri ine dundira.

General mashoko

Mhou yemuAfrica ndiyo shiri hombe iri kurarama nhasi uno, inogona kusvika pakureba 270 cm uye huremu hunosvika 175 kg. Shiri iyi ine muviri wakasimbaIne mutsipa wakareba uye kamusoro kakati sandarara. Muromo weshiri idzi wakati sandarara, wakatwasuka, wakapfava uye une nyanga “claw” pa mandible. Maziso emhou anoonekwa seakakura pakati pemhuka dzepanyika, pamusoro peziso remhou pane mutsara weeyelashes makobvu.

Mhou ishiri dzisingabhururuka. Pectoral tsandanyama dzavo hadzina kuvandudzwa, skeleton haisi pneumatic, kunze kweiyo femurs. Mapapiro emhou haana kukura: minwe miviri pairi inopera mumakumbo. Makumbo akasimba uye akareba, ane zvigunwe zviviri chete, chimwe chacho chinopera nekuita senyanga (mhou inozembera pairi ichimhanya).

Shiri iyi ine minhenga yakamonereka uye isina kusimba, musoro chete, chiuno nemutsipa hazvina minhenga. Pachipfuva chemhou vane ganda rakashama, zviri nyore kuti mhou izembere pairi kana yarara. Nenzira, hadzi idiki pane murume uye ine yunifomu yegreyish-brown ruvara, uye minhenga yemuswe nemapapiro ari kure-machena.

Subspecies dzemhou

Kune mhando mbiri dzemhou dzemuAfrica:

• mhou dzinogara muEast Africa uye dzine mitsipa mitsvuku nemakumbo;
• maviri subspecies ane bluish-grey makumbo uye mitsipa. Mhou S.c. molybdophanes, inowanikwa kuEthiopia, Somalia nekuchamhembe kweKenya, dzimwe nguva inodaidzwa semhou yeSomalia. Rudzi rwemhou dzine mitsipa yegrey (S. c. australis) inogara muSouthwest Africa. Kune imwe subspecies inogara kuNorth Africa - S. c. camelus.

Kudya zvinovaka uye mararamiro

Mhou dzinogara mu semi-renje uye yakavhurika savanna, maodzanyemba nekuchamhembe kwe equatorial sango zone. Mhuri yemhou ine murume, 4-5 hadzi uye nhiyo. Kazhinji unogona kuona mhou dzichifura nembizi nemhembwe, dzinogona kutoita kutama pamwe chete mumapani. Nekuda kwekuona kwakanaka uye kukura kwakasiyana, mhou dzinogara dzichitanga kuona njodzi. Panyaya iyi vanotiza uye panguva imwechete inokura kukurumidza kusvika 60-70 km / h, uye matanho avo anosvika 3,5-4 m muhupamhi. Kana zvichidikanwa, vanokwanisa kukurumidza kushandura nzira yekumhanya, pasina kuderera.

Miti inotevera yakava chikafu chemhou:

• nhungirwa;
• mbeu;
• maruva;
• michero.

Zvisinei, kana mukana ukamuka, ivo usanetseka kudya tumbuyu nemhuka duku. Vanoda:

• zvinokambaira;
• mhashu;
• zvakasara kubva pakudya kwezvikara;
• rodents.

Mhou hadzina mazino, saka dzinofanira kumedza matombo madiki, zvidimbu zvepurasitiki, huni, iron, uye dzimwe nguva zvipikiri pakukuya chikafu mudumbu radzo. Shiri idzi dziri nyore anogona kuita pasina mvura kwenguva refu. Vanowana unyoro kubva mumiti yavanodya, asi kana vane mukana wekunwa, vanozviita nokuzvidira. Vanodawo kushambira.

Kana mukadzi akasiya mazai asina kutarisirwa, zvino zvingangoita kuti azova nyama yezvikara (hyena uye makava), pamwe chete neshiri dzinodya zvakaora. Semuenzaniso, magora, achitora dombo mumuromo wavo, akarikanda pazai, ita izvi kusvikira zai ratsemuka. Dzimwe nguva nhiyo dzinovhimwa neshumba. Asi mhou dzakura hadzina kukuvadza, vanoisa njodzi kunyangwe zvikara zvikuru. Kurova kamwe chete netsoka yakasimba ine nzara yakaoma kunokwana kuuraya kana kukuvadza shumba zvakaipisisa. Nhoroondo inoziva zviitiko apo mhou dzechirume dzakarwisa vanhu, dzichidzivirira nzvimbo yavo.

Chinhu chinozivikanwa chemhou kuviga musoro mujecha ingori ngano. Sezvingabvira, zvakabva pakuti hadzi, ichichochonya mazai mudendere, inodzikisa mutsipa wayo uye musoro pasi kana paine ngozi. Saka anowanzoita kusaonekwa zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekunze. Ndizvo zvinoita mhou padzinoona zvikara. Kana chikara chikasvika pavari panguva iyi, vanobva vasvetuka votiza.

Mhou papurazi

Minhenga yemhou inoyevedza yakagara ichifarirwa zvikuru. Vaiwanzogadzira mafeni, mafeni uye kushongedza ngowani navo. Marudzi eAfrica aigadzira ndiro dzemvura kubva mudeko rakasimba remazai emhou, uye vaEurope vaigadzira mikombe yakaisvonaka.

MuchiXNUMX - kutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, mhou minhenga yaishandiswa kushongedza ngowani dzevakadzi, saka mhou dzakanga dzotoparara. Pamwe, pari zvino, mhou dzingadai dzisina kumbovapo dai dzisina kurerwa pamapurazi pakati pezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Nhasi, shiri idzi dzinoberekerwa munyika dzinopfuura makumi mashanu pasi rose (kusanganisira nzvimbo dzinotonhora dzakadai seSweden), asi ruzhinji rwemapurazi emhou achiri kuwanikwa muSouth Africa.

Mazuvano, dzinorerwa mumapurazi kunyanya nyama nematehwe anodhura. Ravira nyama yemhou yakaita seyemombe yakaonda, ine cholesterol shoma uye naizvozvo haina mafuta akawanda. Manhenga nemazai zvakakoshawo.

Kubereka

Mhou ishiri ine barika. Kazhinji vanogona kuwanikwa vachigara mumapoka eshiri 3-5, iyo 1 iri murume, vamwe vose vakadzi. Shiri idzi dzinoungana dziri mapoka chete panguva yekusaberekana. Mapoka anosvika shiri dzinosvika 20-30, uye mhou dzisati dzakura kumaodzanyemba kweAfrica dzinoungana mumapoka anosvika 50-100 ane mapapiro. Munguva yekusangana, mhou dzechirume dzinotora nharaunda kubva pa2 kusvika ku15 km2, ichidzivirira kubva kune vanokwikwidza.

Munguva yekuberekesa, varume vanokwezva vakadzi nekukwevera nenzira yakasiyana. Mukono unokwenya pamabvi, uchirova mapapiro ake zvine rhythmically uye, uchikanda musoro wake kumashure, uchikwesha musoro kumusana. Munguva iyi, makumbo nemutsipa wemurume ane ruvara rwakajeka. Nyangwe kumhanya ndiwo maitiro ayo uye chinosiyanisa chimiro, panguva yemitambo yekusvirana, dzinoratidza hadzi humwe hunhu hwadzo.

Somuenzaniso, kuratidza ukuru hwavo, varume vanokwikwidzana vanoita ruzha rukuru. Vanogona kuridza muridzo kana kuti kuridza hwamanda, vachipinza mhepo yakazara nokuibudisa negurokuro, ukuwo ruzha ruchinzwika soruzha rusinganzwiki. Mhou yemhou ine ruzha rukuru inova mukundi, inowana hadzi yakundwa, uye muvengi anorasikirwa anofanira kubva asina chinhu.

Mukono mukuru unokwanisa kufukidza hadzi dzese dziri muharare. Zvisinei, chete nevakadzi vane simba vanoumba vaviri. Nenzira, anochechenya nhiyo pamwe chete nehadzi. Zvose hadzi dzinokandira mazai mugomba rimwe nerimwe, iyo hono pachayo inokweva mujecha kana muvhu. Kudzika kwegomba kunosiyana kubva pa30 kusvika ku60 cm. Munyika yeshiri, mazai emhou anonzi makuru. Zvisinei, maererano nekukura kwechikadzi, ivo havana kunyanya kukura.

Muhurefu, mazai anosvika 15-21 cm, uye anorema 1,5-2 kg (iyi inenge 25-36 mazai ehuku). Sezvatambotaura, goko remhou rakakora kwazvo, rinosvika 0,6 cm, kazhinji huswa-yero muruvara, kashoma jena kana kusviba. MuNorth Africa, iyo yakazara clutch inowanzoita 15-20 zvidimbu, kumabvazuva kusvika 50-60, uye kumaodzanyemba - makumi matatu.

Munguva dzemasikati, hadzi dzinofukura mazai, izvi zvinokonzerwa neruvara rwawo runodzivirira, runobatana nemamiriro ezvinhu. Uye usiku basa iri rinoitwa nemurume. Zvinowanzoitika kuti mukati mezuva mazai anosara asina kutarisirwa, mumamiriro ezvinhu aya anopisa nezuva. Iyo incubation nguva inotora mazuva 35-45. Asi pasinei neizvi, kazhinji mazai anofa nekuda kwekusakwana incubation. Mhou inofanira kutsemura goko rakakora rezai remhou kweinenge awa. Zai remhou rakakura zvakapetwa makumi maviri neina pane zai rehuku.

Mhuka ichangobva kuchechenywa inorema 1,2 kg. Nemwedzi mina, ari kuwedzera uremu kusvika 18-19 kg. Nechekare pazuva rechipiri roupenyu, nhiyo dzinobva mudendere dzichienda kunotsvaka zvokudya nababa vadzo. Kwemwedzi miviri yekutanga, nhiyo dzakafukidzwa nebristles dzakaoma, zvino dzinoshandura chipfeko ichi kuva nemuvara wakafanana neyechikadzi. Manhenga chaiwo anoonekwa mumwedzi wechipiri, uye minhenga yakasviba muvarume chete mugore rechipiri rehupenyu. Atova nemakore 2-4, mhou dzinokwanisa kubereka, uye dzinorarama makore 30-40.

Anoshamisa Mumhanyi

Sezvatakambotaura, mhou hadzigoni kubhururuka, zvisinei, dzinopfuura kutsiva chinhu ichi nokukwanisa kumhanya nokukurumidza. Kana paine njodzi, vanosvika kumhanya kusvika ku70 km / h. Shiri idzi, dzisinganete zvachose, dzinokwanisa kukunda madaro marefu. Mhou dzinoshandisa kumhanya uye kugona kwadzo kupedza zvikara. Zvinotendwa kuti kumhanya kwemhou kunodarika kumhanya kwedzimwe mhuka dzese dziri munyika. Hatizivi kana icho chiri chokwadi, asi zvirinani bhiza harigoni kumukunda. Ichokwadi, dzimwe nguva mhou inogadzira zvishwe pakumhanya uye, achiona izvi, mutasvi anomhanya kuti amucheke, zvisinei, kunyange muArabhu ari pabhiza rake rinotyisa haafambidzani naye mumutsara wakatwasuka. Kusaneta uye kukurumidza kukurumidza ndizvo zviratidzo zveaya ane mapapiro.

Vanokwanisa kumhanya pamwero wakaenzana kwemaawa akawanda akatevedzana, nokuti makumbo ayo akasimba uye marefu ane misumbu yakasimba anonyatsokodzera izvi. Ndichiri kumhanya rinogona kufananidzwa nebhiza: Anoroverawo tsoka dzake uye anokanda matombo kumashure. Kana mumhanyi asimudza spidhi yake yakakura, anotambanudza mapapiro ake oatambanudzira pamusana wake. Mukururama, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti anoita izvi chete kuitira kuchengetedza kuenzanisa, nokuti haazokwanisi kubhururuka kunyange yadhi. Mamwe masayendisiti anotiwo mhou inokwanisa kumhanya kusvika 97 km/h. Kazhinji, mamwe ma subspecies emhou anofamba neanowanzo kumhanya 4-7 km / h, achipfuura 10-25 km pazuva.

Mhou dzemhou dzinomhanyawo zvakanyanya. Mwedzi mushure mekuchechenywa, nhiyo dzinosvika nhanho dzinosvika makiromita makumi mashanu paawa.