Zvirimwa, Shiri uye Mhuka dzeArctic Desert: Zvimiro zveHabitat uye Mararamiro

Iyo Arctic Desert, iyo yekuchamhembe kwenzvimbo dzese dzechisikigo, chikamu cheArctic geographical zone uye iri munzvimbo dzeArctic, kubva kuWrangel Island kuenda kuFranz Josef Land archipelago. Iyi nzvimbo, iyo ine zvitsuwa zvese zveArctic Basin, inowanzofukidzwa nechando nechando, pamwe nezvidimbu zvematombo nemarara.

Arctic desert: nzvimbo, mamiriro ekunze uye ivhu

Mamiriro ekunze arctic anoreva nguva refu, yechando yakaoma uye pfupi inotonhora zhizha pasina mwaka yekuchinja uye nechando chekunze. Muzhizha, tembiricha yemhepo haisviki 0 ° C, kazhinji inonaya nechando, denga rakafukidzwa nemakore grey, uye kuumbwa kwemhute yakakora kunokonzerwa nekubuda kwakasimba kwemvura yemugungwa. Mamiriro ekunze akaoma kudaro anoumbwa zvose maererano nekupisa kwakadzika kwepamusoro-soro, uye nekuda kwekuratidzira kwekupisa kubva pamusoro pechando nechando. Nechikonzero ichi, mhuka dzinogara munzvimbo dzemagwenga eArctic dzine misiyano yakakosha kubva kune vamiriri vezvipenyu zvinogara mumakondinendi latitudes - zviri nyore kuchinjika kuti zvirarame mumamiriro ekunze akaoma kudaro.

Iyo nzvimbo isina glacier yeArctic ndeyechokwadi yakafukidzwa nepermafrost, saka, nzira yekugadzirwa kwevhu iri padanho rekutanga rekusimudzira uye inoitwa muurombo husina kunaka, iyo inoratidzirwawo nekuunganidza manganese uye iron oxides. Pazvidimbu zvematombo akasiyana-siyana, mafirimu e-iron-manganese anoumbwa, ayo anotarisa ruvara rwevhu regwenga, nepo solonchak ivhu rinoumba munzvimbo dzemahombekombe.

Iko kunenge kusina matombo makuru uye matombo muArctic, asi matombo maduku akadzikama, jecha uye, zvechokwadi, akakurumbira spherical concretions ejecha uye silicon, kunyanya, spherulites, anowanikwa pano.

Miti yemugwenga reArctic

Musiyano mukuru pakati peArctic uye tundra ndeyokuti mu tundra pane mukana wekuvapo kwemarudzi akawanda ezvisikwa zvipenyu zvinogona kudya pazvipo zvaro, uye mugwenga reArctic hazvibviri kuita izvi. Ndicho chikonzero nei pasina vagari vemo munharaunda yezvitsuwa zveArctic uye zvakanyanya vashoma vamiririri vemaruva nemhuka.

Nharaunda yerenje reArctic haina makwenzi nemiti, inongova yakasarudzika kubva kune imwe neimwe uye nzvimbo diki dzine lichens uye mosses yematombo, pamwe neakasiyana matombo evhu algae. Izvi zvitsuwa zviduku zvezvinomera zvakafanana nenzvimbo yakasvibira iri pakati penzvimbo dzisingaperi dzechando nechando. Vamiririri chete vezvinomera zvinomera ndeye sedge uye uswa, uye maruva anomera saxifrage, polar poppy, alpine foxtail, ranunculus, zviyo, bluegrass uye arctic pike.

Mhuka dzemusango reArctic Desert

Zvisikwa zvepanyika zvedunhu rekuchamhembe hazvina kunaka nekuda kwezvinomera zvishoma. Vanenge chete vamiririri vemhuka dzemagwenga echando ishiri uye dzimwe mhuka dzinoyamwisa.

Shiri dzinonyanyozivikanwa ndidzo:

• tundra partridges;
• makunguwo;
• mazizi machena;
• seagulls;
• arks;
• gags;
• magumo akafa;
• cleaners;
• burgmasters;
• matanho;
• dzokera

Mukuwedzera kuvagari vechigarire vomumatenga eArctic, shiri dzinotama dzinoonekawo pano. Kana zuva rasvika kuchamhembe, uye tembiricha yemhepo inokwira, shiri dzinobva ku taiga, tundra uye continental latitudes dzinosvika muArctic, saka, dema geese, white-tailed sandpipers, white geese, brown-winged plovers, ringed beetles. zvipembenene zvepanyika uye dunlin nguva nenguva zvinoonekwa kubva pamhenderekedzo yeArctic Ocean. Nekutanga kwemwaka inotonhora, mhando dzeshiri dziri pamusoro apa dzinodzokera kunzvimbo dzinodziya dzemaodzanyemba akawanda.

Pakati pemhuka, munhu anogona kusiyanisa vamiririri vanotevera:

• reindeer;
• lemmings;
• White bears;
• Tsuro
• seals;
• walrus;
• arctic wolves;
• Arctic makava;
• musk oxen;
• white people;
• narwhals.

Polar bears yakagara ichionekwa sechiratidzo chikuru cheArctic, inotungamirira mararamiro emvura, kunyange zvazvo vagari vakasiyana-siyana uye vazhinji vanogara mugwenga rine utsinye ishiri dzegungwa dzinogara pamahombekombe anotonhora ane matombo muzhizha, nekudaro dzichigadzira "shiri dzeshiri".

Kuchinja kwemhuka kumamiriro ekunze eArctic

Mhuka dzose dziri pamusoro kumanikidzwa kuchinjira kuhupenyu mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kudaro, saka vane maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekugadzirisa. Zvechokwadi, dambudziko guru renharaunda yeArctic ndiyo mukana wekuchengetedza hutongi hwekupisa. Kuti dzirarame mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma kudaro, ibasa iri iro mhuka dzinofanira kutsungirira. Semuenzaniso, makava eArctic nemapolar bear anoponeswa kubva kuchando nekuda kwemvere dzinodziya uye dzakakora, minhenga isina kusimba inobatsira shiri, uye zvisimbiso, mafuta adzo ari kuchengetedza.

Kuwedzera kununurwa kwenyika yemhuka kubva kune yakaoma Arctic mamiriro ekunze kunokonzerwa nechimiro chemavara chinowanikwa nekukurumidza nekutanga kwenguva yechando. Nekudaro, havasi vese vamiriri vezvipenyu, zvichienderana nemwaka, vanogona kushandura ruvara rwavakapihwa nemasikirwo, semuenzaniso, polar bears vanoramba vari varidzi vechando-chena fur mumwaka yese. Iyo yakasikwa pigmentation yezvikara inewo zvakanakira - inovabvumira kuti vabudirire kuvhima uye kudyisa mhuri yese.

Vagari vanofarira munzvimbo dzakadzika dzechando dzeArctic

1. Mugari anoshamisa kwazvo wepasi pechando - narwhal, hove huru inorema inopfuura tani imwe nehafu, inosvika mamita mashanu pakureba. Chinhu chakasiyana chechisikwa ichi chinoonekwa serunyanga rurefu rwakabuda mumuromo, iro chaizvoizvo zino, asi risingaiti mabasa aro ega.
2. Mhuka yeArctic inotevera isina kujairika ibeluga (polar dolphin), inogara pakadzika-dzika kwegungwa uye inodya hove chete.
3. Iyo inotyisa kwazvo yezvikara zvekuchamhembe zvepasi pemvura ndiyo mhondi whale, inodya kwete chete vagari vashoma vemvura yekuchamhembe nemahombekombe, asiwo beluga whales.
4. Dzimwe dzemhuka dzinonyanyozivikanwa dzenharaunda yerenje reArctic ndeidzi zvisimbiso, inomiririra vanhu vakasiyana vane nhamba huru ye subspecies. Chimiro chinozivikanwa chezvisimbiso mapapiro, ayo anotsiva mitezo yeshure yemhuka dzinoyamwisa, izvo zvinobvumira mhuka kufamba-famba munzvimbo dzakafukidzwa nechando pasina kuoma kukuru.
5. Iyo walrus, hama yepedyo yezvisimbiso, ine mazino akapinza, nekuda kwaiyo inocheka nyore muaizi uye inobvisa chikafu kubva pakadzika pegungwa nepanyika. Zvinoshamisa kuti walrus inodya kwete mhuka duku chete, asiwo zvisimbiso.