Madzvinyu ane chepfu nezvimwe zvinokambaira uye mhuka dzemufibhi

Haisi chakavanzika chokuti nemutsara wemhuka ine chepfu, kushamwaridzana kwekutanga kunomuka nenyoka. Zvechokwadi, kune akawanda pasi pano (anopfuura mazana mana emarudzi) nyoka dzine uturu. Nyoka iyi inowanzoita kuti vanhu vakawanda vatye. Kwete chete nzvimbo dzinopisa dzakazadzwa nenyoka dzine chepfu, asi kunyange munharaunda yeMoscow kune nyoka ine chepfu. Munhu wose akanzwa kanopfuura kamwechete pamusoro penyoka, cobra, black mamba, taipan, ane chepfu inogona kutungamirira kurufu rwemunhu mukuru ane utano. Nyoka dzakadaro dzine mazino ane chepfu akabatana, pazasi pacho panovhurwa dhamu kubva mugland rinobudisa chepfu. Iyo gland pachayo inowanikwa zvishoma mberi, kuseri kwemaziso. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti mazino ane chepfu ari kufamba uye mumamiriro ezvinhu akadzikama enyoka ari muhutano hwakapetwa, uye panguva yekurwisa vanosimuka uye vanobaya mhuka.

Haasi munhu wese anoziva kuti hadzisi nyoka chete dzine chepfu. Mamwe madzvinyu, datya nemachuchi vakapinda mukambani ine ngozi navo. Asi nokuda kwechimwe chikonzero ivo havawanzodudzwa mumabhuku akasiyana-siyana.

Saka, rudzii rwemadzvinyu asingashoriwo kupinza zvinhu zvine chepfu mumunhu anenge abirwa kana kuti anenge akanganisa? Iko hakuna akawanda adzo senyoka, asi zvinobatsira kuziva nezvavo.

Chokutanga pane zvose, aya mazino egila anogara muMexico, kumaodzanyemba uye kumadokero kweUnited States. Mhando mbiri dzine chepfu. Muzvisikwa jade mazino Dzinodya mazai eshiri nekamba, zvipembenene, zvipembenene zviduku, amphibians nemhuka dzinoyamwisa. Ruvara rwavo rune nyevero yakajeka: pane yakasviba kumashure, yakajeka patani yeorenji, tsvuku kana yero makwapa.

Yadozuby ine muviri wakaita roller une makumbo mapfupi, muswe mukobvu une kudya kunochengetwa uye muromo wakagomara. Kungofanana nenyoka, vane maronda ane chepfu, madhamu anobva kumazino, uye kwete kune maviri, asi kune akati wandei kamwechete.

Kufanana nenyoka dzakawanda, mazino egila haawanzo kurwisa vanhu (yakakura kwazvo kuti idyiwe). Chete sedziviriro vanoshandisa chepfu yavo kune vanhu. Kufa kubva pakurumwa kwakadaro kunoitika chete nekusashivirira kwega uye hazviwanzo. Asi ndangariro dzakaipa dzichagara nokusingaperi. Uku kurwadziwa kwakanyanya uye dzungu uye kusvotwa, kufema nekukurumidza uye zvimwe zviratidzo zvehuturu.

Wechipiri ane chepfu mumiriri uye chikamu chenguva hofori pakati pemadzvinyu - komodo zibukanana. Iri ndiro dzvinyu rakakura kwazvo riripo paNyika nhasi. Vanogara pachitsuwa cheKomodo uye zvimwe zvitsuwa zviri pedyo. Madzimai anosvika kureba kwemamita matatu, uye varume, sekutonga, havakure kupfuura maviri. Asi iyo nzvimbo yakachengetedzwa parizvino nemadzvinyu aya ndeye Jurassic Park. Iromoni dzvinyu rinodya chero mhuka. Hove ichauya - ichaidya, yakaora, makonzo madiki - uye iwo achava chisvusvuro chake. Asi dzvinyu remonitor rinovhimawo mhuka dzinoyamwisa dzakakura kudarika chikara muhukuru (ungulates, boars, buffaloes). Uye maitiro ekuvhima ari nyore: anoswedera pedyo nemhuka huru uye anoruma gumbo rake. Uye izvo zvakakwana, ikozvino yave nguva yekuzorora uye kumirira. Muchetura wezvinokambaira izvi unopinda paronda. Vanewo matinji ehuturu, ayo, kunyangwe ari echinyakare kupfuura aya evamwe vavo nenyoka, anoburitsawo zvinhu zvine chepfu. Ichokwadi, chepfu inosunungurwa pasi pemazino uye haitakurwi kuburikidza nemugero wezino, asi inosanganiswa nemate. Naizvozvo, haagoni kungobaya jekiseni muchetura paanorumwa. Uturu hunopinzwa muronda zvishoma nezvishoma mushure mekurumwa, kuwedzera, kudzivirira ronda kuporesa. Nokudaro, vanowanzoruma kanopfuura kamwe chete, asi vanokuvadza maronda akawanda kune akabatwa. Kana chiito chaitwa, dzvinyu remonitor rinongotevera mhuka yacho uye rinomirira kuti mhuka yaneta idonhe, uye ipapo madzvinyu emonitori anoita mutambo. Nguva nenguva kune zviitiko zvekufa uye vanhu kubva pakurumwa kweiyi muzukuru we dinosaurs.

Mhando dzakawanda dzeamphibians dzine chepfu zvakare. Chokwadi, hadzirume kana kukuvadza, asi uturu hwadzo hunovanzwa nemaronda eganda, uye mune mamwe marudzi hune ngozi zvikuru. Vazhinji vakanzwa nyaya yekuti maIndia anozora mafuta miseve yavo. chepfu yematatya. Matatya ane muchetura akanyanya kuita matatya ane chepfu anogara mumasango eSouth America. Vose vane mavara akajeka, vachinyevera nezvekusachengeteka kwavo. Mishonga ine chepfu yakawanda inovanzwa kubva paganda rematatya erudzi rwePhyllobates. Kubva paganda rematatya aya maIndia aitora girizi yemiseve inouraya.

Pedyo-kumusoro, salamander uye newt zvakare inoburitsa zvinhu zvine chepfu. Iyo salamander yemoto inokwanisa kupfura huturu hwehuneurotoxic kubva mumatumbu pamativi emusoro wayo (parotids) kure nemamita akati wandei. Kuvanhu, haina kuuraya uye inongokonzera kunzwa kushoma kwekutsva. Asi mhuka diki dzinoshinga kuruma mhuka dzinogara mumvura ine ngozi yekuwana mushonga unouraya.

Matatya mazhinji anoshandisa nzira imwechete yekupfura uturu. Kazhinji, huturu hwechuchi hahuurayi kuvanhu uye hunongokonzera kurwadza kwenguva pfupi. Zvisinei, kune datya, muchetura une ngoziwo kuvanhu. Idatya, hongu. Hongu, hakuna nyaya dzakawanda dzerufu, asi dziriko. Kudhakwa kwakakomba kunogona kuwanikwa kunyange nekubata chigunwe, sezvo chepfu kubva parotids (glands iri munharaunda yeparotid) inopararira pamusoro peganda rose. Uye kubva pachiyero chikuru chechepfu, munhu anogona kufa nekusungwa kwemoyo. Muchetura wechiriquita toad unourayawo. Zvine ngozi zvakapetwa kaviri nekuti hapana mushonga wazvo.

Saka kune mhuka dzakawanda dzinoshamisa uye dzine ngozi pakati pevamiririri vezvinokambaira uye amphibians. Munhu akadzidza kushandisa chepfu yevamiririri vakawanda nokuda kwezvakanaka zvake, nokuda kwezvinangwa zvokurapa.

Kana iwe ukangoerekana wasarudza kuva nemhuka ine chepfu kumba, saka iwe unofanirwa kufunga kane zana kana ichi chiri chechinguva chidiki uye chido chekukwevera tsinga dzako, sezvo chisarudzo chakadaro chinogona kuguma mukukundikana. Uye zvichida hazvina kukodzera kuisa hupenyu hwako, uye kunyanya hupenyu hwevamwe vemhuri, mungozi. Nemhuka dzine chepfu nguva dzose unofanira kungwarira uye kungwarira pakubata.

Nyoka dzinowanzo "kupukunyuka" kubva kune terrariums, asi chii chakamirira iwe kana chipfuwo chiriwo chepfu? Kuti urove nenyoka, kana zvakadaro, iwe unoda kugadzirira mberi uye funga nezvezviito uye nzira dzekubatsira. Kana iwe usina chirongwa chakajeka, ipapo njodzi inowedzera kakawanda. Hazvina kujeka kuti muviri wako unozoona sei chepfu, ndiani achakubatsira uye kuti ungawana kupi "antidote"? Saka zviri nani kuva neserum kumba uye kuraira nhengo dzose dzeimba painorara uye kuti ingashandise sei.

Paunenge uchichenesa terrarium, zviri nani kuvhara nyoka mune imwe nzvimbo ye terrarium. Nyatsotarisa magonhi, isa makiyi akavimbika paari.

Paunenge uchichengeta gila-zino, terrarium yakasimba inodiwa, sezvo chipfuwo chakasimba zvakakwana. Iyo gila-zino inofanira kutorwa chete kana ichinyatsodiwa uye pasi pekugadzirisa kwakarurama kwemhuka (itore kubva kumashure, kuigadzirisa pasi pemusoro). Kana mhuka yacho ine utsinye, zvino gadzirisa nehokwe (senyoka). Kunyange kurumwa zvishomanana kunotungamirira kumarwadzo makuru, kuzvimba, uye kubuda ropa kukuru. Panogona kunge paine kurova kwemoyo nekukurumidza uye kufema, dzungu. Uye nekurumwa kwakasimba, kusungwa kwemwoyo kunogona kuitika.

Kurongeka kunodiwa zvakare kana uchichengeta chepfu amphibians. Vanofanira kutorwa nemagirovhosi. Kana chipfuwo chako chichipfura chepfu, saka usakanganwa kuchengetedza maziso nemagirazi. Vanhu vasina ruzivo havafanire kutanga amphibians akadaro akatorwa kubva kune zvakasikwa. Mune vamiririri vakafanana, vakaberekerwa kumba, chepfu haina kusimba uye yakachengeteka kuvachengeta.