Rhinoceros nyuchi: mararamiro ehupenyu, chii chinogona kudya uye kukanganisa kwevanhu pahuwandu hwayo

Zvipembenene iboka rakasiyana-siyana uye rakawanda renyika yemhuka, nhamba yemarudzi akawanda. Vamiririri varo vanogara munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, dzinoitika mumamiriro ekunze akasiyana-siyana, dzakasiyana muchimiro uye hukuru, dzinotungamirira mararamiro akasiyana. Kune vanhu vanoda kuziva kwazvo vakakwezva kutarisa kwemunhu kwenguva refu uye vakabva mukati memazana emakore. Pakati pavo pane zvipenyu zvakagara zvichidzidzwa nesayenzi, pamwe chete neachangobva kuwanikwa. Kurongeka kwezvipembenene, kana nemamwe mazwi, kurongeka kwezvipembenene, kwagara kuri pasi pekuongororwa kwesayenzi.

Chokwadi, chipembere chipembere chakakodzera kutariswa zvakanyanya. Yake chitarisiko chisina kujairika anoiisa mumaziso emunhu ane zvisinganzwisisike zvinhu, izvo zvinofambiswa nemararamiro ehusiku ebete iri.

Chipembere chipembere izita rinopihwa marudzi akawanda etwupembenene. Vakabatanidzwa neinoti nyanga.

Izvi zvinosanganisira mhando dzakadai se:

• nyuchi-hercules;
• North American rhinoceros beetle;
• palm rhinoceros beetle;
• nzou betle;
• chipembere chipembere chinonyanyozivikanwa kwatiri;
• Asian rhinoceros beetle;
• nemamwe marudzi akawanda anoshamisa ezvipembenene.

Nzira yekusangana ne "rhinoceros"?

Zvipembenene izvi mungazviwanepi. Zvakakosha kucherechedza izvozvo vanowanikwa kwese kwese, inofarira masango, masango-steppes uye steppes. Ivo, maererano nemasayendisiti, vanonyanya kuzvininipisa kune mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza. Izvi zvakaita kuti zvipembere zvipararire. Vanogona kuwanikwa mune chero kona yeEurasia. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekupisa kwakanyanya, hazvibviri kusangana naye - tundra uye taiga zvakasara pasina kutarisa kwerhinoceros.

Nehurombo, kushata kwemamiriro ekunze munyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira Russia, kwakanganisa huwandu hwezvipembere. Kurima kwematehwe uye kutemwa kwemasango kunoparadza nzvimbo yezvipembere. Zhukov akanyorwa muRed Book. Ivo zvino vadzivirirwa nehurumende nemutemo.

Zvipembere zvechipembere

Chero ani anosangana nechipembenene ichi anonyatso cherechedza maitiro acho.

Idzi dzinosanganisira:

• runyanga rwechipembere, rwakanyanya kukudziridzwa mumapoka makuru;
• kufamba kunoshamisa kwezvipembenene izvi pakubhururuka, izvo dzimwe nguva zvinokonzera kushamisika kukuru pakati pevagari vomutaundi;
• yakaoma kunze chitinous skeleton ine sheen yakajeka, chimiro chezvipembenene zvose;
• simba rinoshamisa uye simba rechipembenene chinokwanisa kusimudza zviyereso zvakaenzana nehafu yehuremu hwacho;
• semiconductor maitiro ezvikamu zviduku zvenyanga yebete;
• mavara akasiyana-siyana mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana;
• saizi dzakasiyana-siyana, yakakura zvakakwana;
• vakadzi vakakura zvakanyanya kupfuura varume.

Pane pfungwa yokuti zvipembenene izvi zvinokwanisa kuchengeta vana vavo vari kukura. Izvi zvakaitika nokuti hadzi inokandira mazai chete munzvimbo dzakahwanda dzakaoma-kusvika. Vesainzi vanoti ichi hachisi chokwadi.

Chinhu chinonakidza ndechekuti nyanga yechipembere inhengo inokosha. Maonero enyanzvi dzezvipembenene maererano nenyanga anosiyana zvikuru. Pane maonero ekuti inoshandira kudzivirira uye kurwisa. Vamwe vanotenda izvozvo ndiyo prototype yeprimitive vestibular apparatus, iyo inoshumira kutaridzika munzvimbo nerubatsiro rwebvudzi duku rinovhara pamusoro payo. Hongu, uye mafomu ayo mumhando dzakasiyana dzezvipembenene zvakasiyana.

Masayendisiti mazhinji anopokana kuti hapana chikonzero chekuiswa kwakakura kwakadaro kwezvipembere. Kuti ine zvimiso uye inoda kunyatso dzidza.

Mararamiro ezvipembere kana zvavanodya

Chipembere chechipembere, sezvipembenene pachazvo, chave chichidzidzwa zvishoma, zvichikonzera kufungidzira kwakawanda uye zvirevo zvinopesana. Kunyanya kukakavara kunomuka pakukurukura uye kudzidza kudya kwezvipembenene izvi zvinoshamisa. Pasinei nekuonekwa kwavo kunotyisa uye kunotyisa, izvi zvipembenene zvisikwa zvine rugare uye havasi zvikara. Ndedzipi fungidziro nezvekudya kwake. Inoshandisa zvakachengetwa zvezvinovaka muviri izvo zvakaunganidzwa nemuviri panguva yelarval stage. Izvi zvinotsigirwa nenhengo dzisina kukura dzegadziriro yekudya. Inodya chikafu chakapfava chemvura, kazhinji chechirimwa. Inogona kuva muto wemiti yakasiyana-siyana.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti rhinoceros nyuchi zvipembenene zvine shanduko yakaoma, ine matanho akati wandei mukukura kwavo, ayo akasiyana zvakanyanya mune morphological uye physiological features.

Matanho ekukura kwebeetle:

• egg stage;
• larval stage;
• pupal stage;
• munhu mukuru.

Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chebudiriro chine hunhu hwayo. Chipembenene chechikadzi chinokandira mazai munzvimbo dzakavandika, chichiadzivirira kubva kune zvinokanganisa nharaunda.

Mushure mechikamu ichi, gonye rinobuda kubva muzai. Iri ndiro danho rakareba pakukura kwechipembenene. Inoenderera mberi kwemakore mana. Wese ane chekuita nezvekurima anonyatsoziva tupukanana tunotyisa uye tunoshingirira. Hongu chaizvo Rhinoceros larva inogona kukonzera kukuvadza kukuru zvirimwa. Iyi pfuma yegota haibatsiri pakuchengetedzwa kwerudzi urwu rwemumiririri wezvipembenene.

Mushure mezvimedu zvitatu, gonye rinova pupa, uye gare gare unogona kuona chipembenene chakura.

Zvipembere zvine vavengi venyama. Idzi shiri dzinoda kudya maruva ezvipembenene izvi, zvichiita kuti dziparadzwe, pamwe nemite, zvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogara mumuviri wezvipembenene, pupae, uye kunyange vanhu vakuru, vanopikisa idzi dzakawanda subspecies dzezvipembenene. Asi muvengi ane ngozi zvikuru uye anonyengera wezvipembere munhukuparadza zvisina mufungo nzvimbo dzakasikwa, zvichikonzera kudzikira kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana paNyika. Ichi chokwadi chinoda kunyatsotariswa kubva kune vese masayendisiti, nyika uye vanhuwo zvavo. Ndivo vanhu avo, vachipinda mumamiriro echisikigo emarudzi mazhinji, kutyora macheni echikafu akaoma, vanokanganisa hupenyu husina kusimba uye hwakasiyana-siyana paPasi.

Rhinoceros beetle uye ukama hwayo nevanhu

Zvinosuruvarisa, zvishoma zvinozivikanwa pamusoro pehupenyu hwezvipembenene izvi. Paradox: zvipembenene izvi zvakajairika, asi zvishoma zvakadzidzwa. Nyaya zhinji, zvinyorwa uye mafirimu esainzi-edzidzo akapfurwa nezvavo, nhamba huru yezvinyorwa uye monographs zvakanyorwa. Asi hakusati kuchine kufambira mberi kunokosha mufundo yezvipembenene izvi zvinoshamisa.

Zvipembere kunyange vakava magamba emamwe mafirimu emakatunidzimwe nguva vanotamba mabasa ekutungamirira. Sezvauri kuona, zvipembere zvinofarirwa zvikuru. Kudzidza kweizvi subspecies kuchabatsira kujekesa hupenyu uye physiology yezvipembenene izvi, zvichiita kuti dzidzivirire zvakanyanya.

Dzimwe tsika dzinowanzoita zvipembenene izvi. Ngano dzakavapa aura yechakavanzika, simba uye simba. Makore, mazana emakore nemazana emakore akapfuura, uye zvipembenene zvose zvakararama mararamiro azvo asinganzwisisiki eusiku uye anoenderera mberi achiitevera. Masikati, zvipembere zvinorarama upenyu hwekungogara.

Kune vanoda zvipembere izvi vakagadzirira kuzvichengeta pamba. Muchitoro chezvipfuyo, vanogona kuwanikwa zvisingaite uye mitengo yavo inogona kuve yakakosha. Izvo zvinoenderana ne subspecies yebhete, hukuru hwayo uye hutano. Sezvo mutemo, vanotenga varume. Chitarisiko chavo chinoshamisira, kunyangwe chiri madiki muhukuru zvichienzaniswa nechikadzi. Kunyange mutengo wakakwirira hausi chipingamupinyi pakunetsa kuwana chipembere chevaridzi vazvo. Vanhu vazhinji vanoda kubata nyika yezvakavanzika uye zvakavanzika.

Basa rebete iri muunyanzvi nekugadzira zvinhu rinocherechedzwa. Inogona kuonekwa pabutiro renhamba huru yemabhuku esainzi nemagazini. Rhinos kubva munyika yezvipembenene munguva dzazvino - chiratidzo chesainzi, kukosha kwayo uye kugadzikana, chiratidzo chezviwanwa nesayenzi.

Iwe unogona kazhinji kuwana zvidhori, zvivezwa zvechipembenene ichi, chakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana uye maitiro akasiyana-siyana uye mazano. Vanogona kureva nguva dzakasiyana dzezvakaitika kare - kubva panguva yekare kusvika nhasi. Inowanikwawo pamakadhidhi, mapepa uye kunyange zvitambi zvekutumira.