Skeleton uye anatomy yegonzo, chimiro chemukati uye kurongeka kwenhengo

Kuve neruzivo nezve physiological maitiro emakonzo kazhinji ndiyo yakasarudzika yevanoongorora mhuka uye veterinarians. Zvakadaro, zvinobatsirawo kuti varidzi vazive kuti chimiro chegonzo chii. Izvi zvinokutendera kuti unzwisise hukama pakati pekutarisira, chikafu uye zvirwere zvinogoneka. Uyewo, kunzwisisa kwakajeka kwekuti chipfuwo chakavakwa sei chinovimbisa mhinduro nokukurumidza kune zviratidzo zvekutambudzika uye kusagadzikana.

Chimiro chekunze chegonzo

Munguva yekuongororwa kwekutanga kwekunze, huwandu hwakakosha hwebvudzi hunogona kucherechedzwa pamuviri wese. Ichi chiratidzo chekirasi iyi yemhuka dzinoyamwisa. Basa guru remvere dzemakwai:

• thermal insulation;
• kubatanidzwa mukubata;
• kudzivirirwa kweganda kubva pakukuvadzwa.

Muviri wemhuka wakaumbwa ne:

• misoro;
• mutsipa;
• torso;
• muswe

Musoro wemhuka iyi wakakura zvichienderana nemuviri. Iyo muzzle inonongedza, chikamu chemashure chiri pedyo nemutsipa mupfupi. Dehenya regonzo rinosanganisira zvikamu zvitatu:

• parietal;
• temporal;
• occipital.

Iyo muzzle yakakamurwa kuita:

• zvigadziko zveziso;
• mhino;
• muromo.

Pakupera kwemuzzle kune vibrissae - bristles yakagadzirirwa kubata. Makonzo anoratidzirwa nekuvapo kwenictitating membrane uye kupenya kwakatsvuka kwemaziso.

Nyanzvi dzinopatsanura muviri wegonzo muzvikamu zvitatu:

• dorsal-thoracic;
• lumbar-abdominal;
• sacro-gluteal.

Mitezo yemhuka iyi ine minwe mishanu. Patsoka dzakakura kudarika pamaoko. Izvo zvigadziko nemichindwe zvinoratidzirwa nekusavapo kwebvudzi.

Muswe wemakonzo wakakora, uchiverengera 85% yehurefu hwemuviri wese. Mukadzi ane muswe wakareba. Kumusoro kwakafukidzwa nezvindori zvemakwasha nemafuta eyero. Panzvimbo yemvere dzemakwai, pane bristles.

Mhuka dzechikadzi dzinoonekwa ne6 peya dzeminyatso, mbiri dziri muhapwa, imwe pachipfuva uye nhatu padumbu. Kunze kwenguva yekuzvitakura, dzinovanzwa nebvudzi gobvu. Bonde regonzo rinotsanangurwa nekuongorora kumashure: muvakadzi, rump ine chimiro chetatu, uye muvarume inosiyana nechimiro chesilinda.

Varume vakakura pabonde vanogona kusvika pahuremu hwe400 g. Madzimai madiki zvikuru.

Rat skeleton

Iyo skeletal system yemhuka ine bhonzo uye cartilaginous zvikamu, uye inosanganisira 264 mapfupa emhando dzakasiyana uye hukuru. Iyo cranium ine chimiro chakareba. Kune zvikamu zvakawanda zvemusana:

• cervical;
• thoracic;
• sacral.

Iyo vertebral chikamu mugonzo skeleton inoratidzirwa neanopfuura maviri gumi nemaviri discs.

Pasinei nokuti skeleton ye rodent inotaridzika zvakasiyana zvachose neyomunhu skeletal system, masayendisiti akawanda anopikisa kuti pakutambanudza musana, kopi yakaderedzwa yemunhu mumwe nomumwe ichawanikwa, kusvika pakufanana munzvimbo yemapfupa ega.

Nzvimbo yenhengo dzomukati

Iyo anatomical atlas inozivisawo nezve kurongeka kwese kwenhengo dzemukati dzegonzo.

Ruzivo urwu runogona kuwanikwa nekuona kana autopsy yegonzo ikaitwa. Mushure mekutanga kwemaitiro, diaphragm inotanga kutanga, iyo inoparadzanisa nzvimbo dze thoracic uye mudumbu.

Pazasi pe diaphragm pane chiropa chegonzo. Inopenya mutsvuku uye inovhara zvishoma dumbu rakaita sepear.

Pazasi, iyo volumetric misa yemudumbu inovhura. Yakafukidzwa ne omentum - nhengo yekuunganidza mafuta emhuka.

Chimiro cherudzi urwu rwemakonzo kusavapo kwegallbladder. Bile inopiwa kuburikidza ne duct kubva pachiropa zvakananga kune duodenum.

Asi makonzo ane spleen yakareba, iri kuruboshwe rwedumbu. Kana matumbu akabviswa kubva mudumbu redumbu, ipapo peya yebhinzi yakaita sebhinzi inowanikwa pasi. Iwo anowanikwa asymmetrically - kuruboshwe rwakadzika pasi pekumanikidzwa kwedumbu. Iyo ureters inotungamira dundira riri muzasi medumbu. Machende evarume uye nhengo dzakaoma dzekubereka dzemakonzo echikadzi aripowo ipapo.

Iro vascular system inomiririrwa zvakajeka neine inferior vena cava yekubuda kweropa mukati memwoyo kubva kune nhengo dze peritoneum. Inowanawo aorta, iyo inodiwa kuti ropa rive rakazara kumakumbo emashure.

Paunenge uchiongorora chifuva chechipfuva, peya yepiniki mapapu uye mwoyo une midziyo mikuru inokurumidza kuoneka. Mapapu anorembera zvakasununguka pabronchi, uye haana kubatanidzwa pachipfuva. Yakadzika igurokuro, iyo inobatanidza pharynx nedumbu.

Paunenge uchidzidza chimiro chemukati chegonzo, zvakakosha kuyeuka nhengo yakadai seuropi. Kufanana nemhuka dzakawanda dzinoyamwisa, ine madhipatimendi akati kuti ane basa rekushanda kwepfungwa. Nyanzvi dzinoparadzanisa uropi hwegonzo muzvikamu zvina, chimwe nechimwe chine chimiro chakaoma.

Zvinofadza chokwadi kubva physiology

Veterinarians uye biologist, vachidzidza anatomical uye physiological chimiro chegonzo, vakacherekedza zvinhu zvakawanda zvinonakidza:

• zvidzidzo zverabhoritari zvakawanda pamakonzo zvinotsanangurwa nekufanana kwefiziology yemakonzo nevanhu;
• mhuka dzinoshaya tonsils uye zvigunwe;
• vanhu vechirume vane matishu ekugadzira mammary glands, asi hapana minyatso kunyangwe muhucheche hwavo;
• vakadzi vane nhengo yesikarudzi inogona kushandiswa kuita weti;
• mumakonzo, mapapu ekurudyi nekuruboshwe ane chimiro chakasiyana. Mukutanga kune zvikamu zvina, uye mune yechipiri - imwe chete;
• makonzo ane appendix, iyo dzimwe nguva inovhiringidzika nebundu remukati rinoputika;
• kusiyana nevanhu nekatsi, makonzo ane albino haatambudzi nezvinetso zvekunzwa;
• ultrasonic exposure inopa makonzo kusagadzikana, asi anogona kutsungirira;
• makonzo haana miromo pamiromo yawo. Panzvimbo pezvo, mukaha wakapetwa unoumbwa pamusoro peshaya yepasi;
• murume anopedza masekonzi maviri pakusangana, saka kuchengeta varume nevakadzi vari mukeji imwe kunovimbisa kuvepo kwemwana.

Zvakakosha! Iyo marwadzo ekukumbanira kwemakonzo akanyanya kukwirira, mhuka inopa chiratidzo pamusoro pekuvapo kwemarwadzo chete nezviratidzo zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinotungamira kunonoka kuongororwa kweakakomba pathologies, saka varidzi vemhuka havafanirwe kuregeredza kuongororwa kwekudzivirira kwemhuka dzavo dzinovaraidza.