Texel makwai: kuravira kwenyama, ingani mvere dzaunogona kuwana

Panguva yakavamba perestroika, kwakanga kune anenge makwai anenge mamiriyoni 64 muRussia. Zvadaro nhamba iyi yakaderera kusvika kumamiriyoni 19. Iye zvino mamiriro acho ezvinhu ari kupora zvishoma nezvishoma uye atova kuwedzera, asi ichiri nguva yakareba yekumirira kubudirira kwekare munharaunda iyi, nhasi kubereka makwai kuri kuwedzera.

Mari yekirogiramu yemvere dzemakwai inenge 150 rubles. Mutengo pakirogiramu yegwayana pamusika inoshanduka inenge 300 rubles. Nyama inodhura pamutengo, sezvo kuitira kuti 1 kg yemvere iende kutengeswa, kudya kunodiwa ka6 kakawanda. Naizvozvo, kuti tiruramise mutengo wokuchengeta makwai ane mvere, mitengo inofanira kuwedzerwa nekagumi. Saka, nhasi vapfui vemakwai vakanyanya kufunga nezvekukura nyama dzemakwai.

Rudzi rwenyama yehwai. general maitiro

Hunyanzvi hwekupfuya hwai mukugadzirwa kwehwai diki hunoda kuvepo kwemhando dzakasiyana kugadzirwa kwenyama kwakanyanya. Ichi chinodiwa chinozadzikiswa zvizere nenyama-makushe uye nyama mhando.

Mhuka dzenyama dzine huwandu hwemafuta enyama. Gore rose ivo vanokwanisa kuchengetwa mumamiriro emafuro, soot mune yakaoma zvikuru mafuro uye mamiriro echisikigo, vanokwanisa kugadzirisa nyore nyore. Mhuka dzenyama, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekudya anodiwa, dzinogona "kufudza" huwandu hwemafuta mukati megore. Idzo dzine mafuta dzakatenderedza pasi pemuswe uye dzinonzi mafuta muswe. Mafuta akadaro anodiwa kuti mhuka dzichengetedze hupenyu munguva yechando, apo mafuro akafukidzwa nechando kana chando, uyewo munguva dzekupisa, apo uswa hunopisa uye pane kushayikwa kwemvura.

Makwai anobereka "Texel"

"Texel" - dzinza rekareyaizivikanwa kubva panguva dzevaRoma. Zita rerudzi urwu rakaonekwa muzana remakore rechi19 uye rakabva kuDutch chitsuwa chezita rimwe chete, iro rakave rakakurumbira nokuda kwemarudzi akawanda enyama uye ekutanga kukura, kunze kwekuti, vakapa mvere dzakanakisisa. Vafudzi vemakwai vaimuda zvakanyanya zvekuti vakasarudza kumuyambuka nerudzi rweChirungu "Lincoln", uye iyi ndiyo nzira yemazuva ano ye texel yakaonekwa. Nhasi rudzi urwu nderimwe rezvinonyanya kufarirwa muAustralia, New Zealand, America - nyika idzi vatengesi vepasi venyama yegwayana.

Hunhu hwe texel nyama

Texel ndizvo mhando yemombe chaiyo, yakawana mukurumbira nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwakasiyana hwenyama uye ndeimwe yeakanakisa maererano nekuravira. Chinhu chikuru chinosiyanisa rudzi rwemhando ndeyehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemhasuru munyama yezvitunha; pakuuraya mhuka, nyama maererano nehuremu ndeye 60%. Iyo inovaka muviri, yakanaka kugadzirwa, ine muto, haina kunhuhwirira kwakananga kunowanikwa mugwayana, nekunaka kwayo kwakasiyana, haisiyi kuravira kusingafadzi mumuromo, uye zvinotora nguva shoma kubika nyama.

Nyama duku ine muto zvikuru uye inonaka, gourmets dzinoiratidza semarble. Pazera remukaka, chikamu chikuru che skeleton chakanyanya kuderera kune chikamu chose chenyama, chibereko chekuuraya chiri 60%. Haina munhuwi chaiwo wegwayana. Inogona kushandiswa mukugadzirira kwezvokudya zvekudya, sezvo yakaonda. Nyama yeGwayana inotora nguva shoma yekubika kupfuura nyama yezvokudya kubva kune dzimwe mhuka, mushure mekudya haina greasy aftertaste mumuromo. Chikamu chikuru chemafuta emafuta chinoderedzwa kusvika padiki. Mumakwayana, nyama ine unhu hwakanaka hwekuravira; kana yabikwa inova nyoro.

Zviratidzo zvekunze zverudzi

• Thoroughbred hwai texel kuva nemuviri wakakodzera, ganda jena nemusoro mudiki nemhuno nhema. Asi jasi jena harisi iro rinonyatsoratidza dzinza, sezvo mamwe anogona kunge ari goridhe brown, nepo musoro nemakumbo zvichiramba zvakachena. Dzimwe nguva iwe unogona zvakare kuwana yakareruka, kunyange bluish hwai, ine yakasviba mavara emakumbo nemusoro. Vapfuri vemakwai vanodana texels dzakadaro "blue".
• Mamiriro akasiyana erudzi urwu ndeye huma yakati sandara, nhete uye kusavapo kwebvudzi mumusoro nemunzeve.
• Muswe wemhuka idiki uye nhete.
• mutsipa mupfupi inoshanduka kuita torso ine simba.
• Makumbo anosiyaniswa nekuwedzera simba, tsandanyama, mahudyu akafara - aya hunhu hwakanakira pakukunda marefu marefu panguva yekumhanya nekukurumidza. Makumbo haana kuvharwa nebvudzi, saka misumbu inooneka zvakajeka, kunyanya pamakumbo eshure.
• Rudzi rwakavhomorwa, hudiki hudiki hwenyanga hunotengesa mamwe makondohwe. Hwai yakura inorema avhareji yemakirogiramu makumi manomwe, nepo gondohwe rinosvika 70 makirogiramu.
• Kukura kwegondohwe rakura pakusvava kunosvika 85 centimita, hwai - 75 centimita.

Bvisa subtypes

Pamusoro penhoroondo yezana remakore maviri yekuvapo kwerudzi, vafudzi vemakwai vanobva kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana vakaita zvigadziriso zvavo mukuberekesa, vachivandudza zvinhu zvayo. Mugumisiro wacho waiva kutaridzika kweakawanda subtypes erudzi:

• Chirungu. Aya makwai akareba uye akavakirwa zvine simba, mune mamwe maitiro haana kusiyana neakatsanangurwa pamusoro pemhando yeTexel.
• ChiFrench. Mune iyi subtype, makwayana anoratidzirwa nehuwandu hwekukura nekukura kana achienzaniswa nemamwe madiki.
• ChiDutch. Makondohwe nemakwai erudzi rweTexel ane makumbo akaderera, ane chinzvimbo chakaderera chemuviri, ane huremu hwakawanda uye mhasuru dzakagadzirwa zvakanaka.

Makushe emakwai

Kunyangwe iyo subtype, inofanirwa kuyeukwa kuti rudzi urwu rwakarerwa chete kuti uwane nyama yemhando yepamusoro muhuwandu hukuru, saka zvinokwanisika kuwana anenge 6 kilogiramu yemvere pakuveura kubva kugondohwe rakakura, uye zvishoma pakirogiramu kubva kugwai. Mhuka dzinoveurwa, iva nechokwadi chekucheka zvinhu zvose kusvika kune villi yekupedzisira, kubuda kunofanira kuva imwe ganda risina chinhu.

Wool inonyanya kushandiswa kuruka masokisi uye masokisi, pamwe nekugadzirwa kwezvipfeko, sezvo iyo yakakwira yemafuta glands inoita kuti ive yakanyanya kupfava. Mvere dze texel dzakakora, dzakatetepa, dzakatetepa chena dzisina mabhururu matema, ma curls mune mahombe mhete, ane chigadziko chakasungirirwa, anonamira kumusoro uye ane huwandu hukuru hwegirizi. Hunhu hwemvere hunoenderana nekirasi 56, ine faibha ukobvu hunosvika makumi matatu emamicrons. Pakubuda, makushe akagezwa anoita 30% yehuremu hwakagerwa.

Kufudza kupi, nani uye sei

Usakanganwa kuti makwai akadaro mombe mhuka, hunhu uhwu hwakanyanya kukudziridzwa mavari, uye pasina boka, gwai haringorasika chete mudanga, asiwo kunetseka zvakanyanya pamusoro pekusurukirwa. Aya maitiro anoshanda kune dzinenge mhuka dzese, asi kwete kurudzi rweTexel. Mhuka idzi hadzina manzwiro emombe uye hadzidi kambani yerudzi rwadzo, dzichinzwa dziri dzoga. Vakasunungukawo kufamba munzvimbo uye havakwanisi kurasika, kunyange kana vachifamba kure nepurazi. Texel makwai anoda kambani yemamwe mhuka, ayo mamwe marudzi emakwai, sekutonga, haashiviriri. Mombe, mbudzi uye kunyange mabhiza vavakidzani vakanaka verudzi urwu.

Inzwai zvikuru pamafuro emakomo, nokuti kuda kukunda zvipingamupinyi uye vanosiyaniswa nekutsungirira kukuru, saka zviri nani kudzifudza ipapo. Makwai anonzwa kufara kunyangwe ari mumugwagwa gore rose, haadi mashedhi nemashedhi. Makwai haakonzerwi nezvirwere, muviri wavo une immune yakanyanya inovadzivirira kunyangwe mumamiriro ekugara emvura uye kutonhora. Kusiyana nemamwe marudzi emakwai, iyi inogona kufudzwa paivhu remachakwi nehuswa, muviri wavo unoshanda zvakanaka nehutachiona hunogona kuitika nemaparasite, kunyanya, roundworms. Vasingaremekedzi mune zvemukati, kana zvasvika kumamiriro ekurarama, vanotsungirira zvakadzikama chando nechando.

Kurera makwayana

Mhuka idzi yakakura kwazvo, sekutonga, mapatya kana katatu anoonekwa mumwana, gwayana rimwe hariwanzozvarwa. Kazhinji, vana 180 vanozvarwa muboka remakwai zana, uye mumakore ekubereka kwavo kunodarika mazana maviri, kunyanya mapatya anozvarwa. Kubvisa kwerudzi kugashira mwana mumwe chete pagore; hapana mahomoni ekuwedzera kana michinjikwa yakasarudzika inogona kushandura kutenderera kwehupenyu uku. Kuzvarira kwehwayana kunoitika kamwe chete pagore kwemakore akawanda.

Mwana achangoberekwa anorema makirogiramu manomwe, pamwedzi miviri inorema kusvika makirogiramu makumi maviri neshanu, pamasere inorema makirogiramu makumi mashanu. Iwe unofanirwa kuziva kuti kukura kwakanyanya uye kuwedzera uremu kunoitika mumakwayana kusvika kumwedzi mitatu yezera, vanogona kuwana 25 magiramu pazuva, ipapo kune kuderera kwakanyanya, panguva iyo avhareji yemazuva ese ndeye 50 gramu, uye hapana zvinowedzera zvinogona kuchinja. muenzaniso uyu.

Sezvo makwayana anozvarwa aine huremu hwakakwana kuti ararame akazvimirira, anogona kuburitswa kumafuro zuva rinotevera mushure mekuzvarwa. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya anofukidza kukanganisa kwese kwerudzi, izvo zvine chekuita nekwayana isingawanzo. Vacheche havadi kutarisirwa kwakakosha, asi zviri nani kuti vamirire kunze kwechando chakanyanya mushedhi nemakwai, vanofanira kuisa gwayana ipapo pakarepo mushure mokuberekwa kwemazuva maviri. Kuiswa kwegwayana naamai varo chiito chinodiwa, uye chinangwa chekusimbisa hunhu hwaamai, sezvo isina kunyatsokudziridzwa murudzi urwu rwemakwai.

Kuberekesana, kuberekana

Rudzi rwe texel rune nguva yakasarudzika kuuya munaSeptember uye inogara kusvika Ndira. Munguva iyi, vakadzi vose vane hutano uye vane hutano hunoiswa pabonde. Nekubata pamuviri kwematsutso, kubereka kunoitika mukupera kwechando kana kutanga kwechirimo. Makwai anosvika pakuyaruka pamwedzi minomwe, pazera iri anogona kutounzwa kumugadziri wemakondohwe. Vamwe varimi vanomirira kusvikira mhuka yacho yasvika gore rimwe chete, uye vobva vaita kukwira kwekutanga - izvi zvinokubvumira kurerutsa nguva yekuyamwisa.

Kuyambuka kunoitika zvese zvakagadzirirwa uye zvakasununguka. Mukuita kusangana nemakwai emamwe marudzi, hunhu hwakanakisa hwenyama yerudzi rweTexel hunopfuudzwa kuchizvarwa chinotevera.

Makwai akajairika panguva yekuyamwisa haadi rubatsiro, asi sezvatinotoziva, rudzi urwu rwakasiyana nemutemo. Hwayana dzerudzi urwu kuoneka zvakaoma, vana vakafa vanowanzoberekwa, kana kuti amai vanofa. Chikonzero chekuomerwa kwegwayana chiri mukurema hukuru hwegwayana uye chimiro chakakura chisina kurongeka chemusoro.

Kuti ubatsire negwayana, unoda kuisa pamusoro pemvura inodziya, tambo uye magirafu, iwe unogona kukwevera gwayana nemakumbo, uchikwevera zvishoma, kusungira tambo kwavari. Kana mwana achiratidza musoro kutanga, saka zvakakosha kushandura muviri wegwayana kune imwe nzvimbo yakanakira yekwayana. Muchiitiko ichi, haugone kuita pasina chiremba wemhuka, kuendeswa kwenhamba yakawanda yemakwai kunoperekedzwa nemabasa anokosha. Kukwayana kunoitika usiku chete.

Wese munhu anoronga kupfuya Texel makwai, rangarira zvinotevera.

• Makwai erudzi urwu akakura uye akasimba, anosiyaniswa nehombe yemhando yepamusoro nyama;
• Makwai maitiro uye zviratidzo zvekunze zvinosiyana zvichienderana nenharaunda yekutenga;
• Texel makwai inogona kurerwa kunze kweboka, sezvo vari voga, vanonzwawo vakasununguka pedyo nedzimwe mhuka dzinovaraidza, kwete makwai;
• Kukwayana kunoitika kamwe pagore, avo vanokarira ngozi huru yokuodzwa mwoyo, zviri nani kusarudza rudzi rwakasiyana rwamakwai;
• Kazhinji gwai rinobereka mapatya panguva imwe chete, uye mapatya matatu nemamwe akawanda hazvishamisi. Gwai rine huwandu hwemukaka, saka rinokwanisa kudyisa makwayana maviri. Kuberekwa hakusi nyore, rubatsiro rwechiremba wemhuka runodiwa.
• Makwayana anokura nekukurumidza uye anorema, anosvika pakurema kwekuuraya munguva pfupi.
• Makwai nyama ine kuravira kwakananga, ine hutano uye yakakodzera kune vane chirwere cheshuga.