Kubuda kwenguruve muEurope

Kuwanikwa kweAmerica naChristopher Columbus kwakagonesa kusangana kweguinea pig neNyika Yekare. Aya makonzo akauya kuEurope, achiunzwa pazvikepe nevakunda veSpain mazana mana emakore apfuura kubva kuPeru. 

Kwenguva yokutanga, guinea pig yakarondedzerwa nesayenzi muzvinyorwa zvaAldrovandus neakararama panguva imwe naye Gesner, akararama muzana remakore rechi30. Zvinoenderana netsvagiridzo yavo, zvinoonekwa kuti guinea pig yakaunzwa kuEurope makore angangoita 1580 mushure mekukunda kwaPizarro pamusoro pemaIndia, i. 

Nguruve inodaidzwa zvakasiyana munyika dzakasiyana. 

MuEngland - nguruve duku yeIndia - nguruve duku yeIndia, cavy isingazorori - isingazorori (mobile) yenguruve, Guinea yenguruve - Guinea yenguruve, mhuka yepamba - yenguruve. 

MaIndia anodana nguruve izita iro vanhu vekuEurope vanonzwa se "cavy". Vanhu vekuSpain vaigara muAmerica vakatumidza mhuka iyi zita rechiSpanish retsuro, asi mamwe makoloni akaomesa musoro achiitumidza kuti nguruve duku, zita iri rakaunzwa kuEurope pamwe chete nemhuka. Vasati vasvika vokuEurope muAmerica, nguruve yakashanda sezvokudya zvevagari vemo. Vanyori vese veSpanish venguva iyoyo vanomudaidza setsuro. 

Zvingaita sezvisinganzwisisiki kuti mhuka yemusango iyi inonzi guinea pig, kunyange zvazvo isiri yenguruve uye haisi chizvarwa cheGuinea. Izvi zvingangove zvakakonzerwa nemadzidzirerwo akaita vanhu vekuEurope nezvekuvapo kwemapundu. Apo vokuSpain vakapinda muPeru, vakaona mhuka duku yokutengesa! zvakafanana nenguruve inoyamwisa. 

Kune rumwe rutivi, vanyori vekare vakadana America India. Ndiko kusaka vakadaidza iyi mhuka duku porco da India, porcella da India, nguruve yeIndia. 

Zita rokuti guinea pig rinoratidzika kuva reChirungu, uye M. Cumberland anoti, mune zvose zvingangoitika, zvinobva pakuti maBritish aiva nehukama hwekutengeserana nemhenderekedzo yeGuinea kupfuura neSouth America, uye naizvozvo vakanga vajaira kutarisa. kuGuinea sechikamu cheIndia. Kufanana kwenguruve nenguruve yepamba kwakauya kunyanya kubva munzira iyo vagari vemo vaiibika nayo kuti idye: vakaidira nemvura inopisa kuti vachenese mvere dzemakwai, sezvakaitwa kubvisa bristles kubva panguruve. 

MuFrance, guinea pig inonzi cochon d'Inde - Indian pig - kana cobaye, kuSpain inonzi Cochinillo das India - Indian pig, kuItaly - porcella da India, kana porchita da India - Indian pig, kuPortugal - Porguinho da India - Indian mumps, kuBelgium - cochon des montagnes - nguruve yemakomo, muHolland - Indiaamsoh varken - Indian pig, kuGermany - Meerschweinchen - guinea pig. 

Saka, zvinobvumirwa kuita fungidziro yokuti guinea yakapararira muEurope kubva kumadokero kusvika kumabvazuva, uye zita riripo muRussia - guinea pig, zvichida rinoratidza kutengeswa kwenguruve "kubva pamusoro pegungwa", pazvikepe; chikamu chemapundu chakapararira kubva kuGermany, ndicho chikonzero zita reGermany guinea pig rakapfuurawo kwatiri, asi mune dzimwe nyika dzose inozivikanwa seIndia pig. Izvi zvimwe ndosaka zvakanzi mhiri kwemakungwa, uyezve gungwa. 

Nguruve hadzinei negungwa kana nguruve. Zita chairo rokuti “mapundu” rakaoneka, zvichida nokuda kwechimiro chemisoro yemhuka. Pamwe ndosaka vaimuti inguruve. Mhuka idzi dzinoratidzwa nemuviri wakareba, jasi rakakora, mutsipa mupfupi, uye makumbo mapfupi; kumberi kune ina, uye makumbo eshure ane minwe mitatu, ine mbabvu dzakakura dzakaita sehwanda. Nguruve haina muswe. Izvi zvinotsanangurawo zita remhuka. Mumamiriro akadzikama, inzwi reguinea nguruve rinofanana nekutinhira kwemvura, asi mukutya, rinoshanduka kuva screech. Saka ruzha rwaiitwa negonzo iri rwakafanana chaizvo nekudzvova kwenguruve, izvo zviri pachena kuti nei yakanzi "nguruve". Zvinofungidzirwa kuti muEurope, uyewo munyika yokumusha kwayo, guinea pig pakutanga yakashanda sezvokudya. Zvichida, kwakabva zita reChirungu renguruve kwakabatana nezviitiko izvi - guinea pig - nguruve yeguinea (guinea - kusvika 1816, mari huru yegoridhe yeChirungu, yakawana zita rayo kubva kunyika (Guinea), uko goridhe rinodiwa. nokuti kuchera kwayo kwakacherwa). 

Nguruve ndeyekurongeka kwemakonzo, mhuri yenguruve. Mhuka iyi ine maviri enhema-midzi, nhanhatu molars uye maviri incisors pashaya imwe neimwe. Chimiro chemakonzo ese ndechekuti incisors yavo inokura muhupenyu hwavo hwese. 

Iyo incisors yemakonzo yakafukidzwa neenamel - chinhu chakaoma - chete kune rumwe rutivi rwekunze, saka shure kweiyo incisor inodzimwa nekukurumidza uye nekuda kweizvi, inopinza, yekunze yekucheka nzvimbo inogara yakachengetedzwa. 

Iwo ma incisors anoshanda kutsenga kuburikidza neakasiyana roughage (zvinomera madzinde, midzi zvirimwa, uswa, nezvimwewo). 

Kumusha, kuSouth America, mhuka idzi dzinogara mumapoka maduku mumapani akazara nemakwenzi. Vanochera makomba uye vanoronga pokugara muchimiro chemaguta ose epasi pevhu. Nguruve haina nzira yekudzivirira inoshingaira kubva kuvavengi uye yega yaizoparara. Asi kutora boka remhuka idzi nekushamisika hakusi nyore. Kunzwa kwavo kwakajeka kwazvo, hunhu hwavo hunongoshamisa, uye, zvinonyanya kukosha, vanochinjana kuzorora nekuchengetedza. Pachiratidzo chearamu, nguruve dzinobva dzahwanda mumink, umo mhuka huru haigoni kukambaira. Imwezve kudzivirira kwegonzo kuchena kwayo kusingawanzo. Nguruve kakawanda pazuva "inosuka", inosvina uye inonanzva furo pachayo nevana vayo. Hazvigoneki kuti mhuka inodya mhuka ichakwanisa kuwana nguruve nekunhuhwirira, kazhinji jasi rayo remvere rinongoburitsa kunhuhwirira kwehuswa. 

Kune akawanda marudzi emusango cavia. Ese ari kunze akafanana neaya epamba, asina muswe, asi ruvara rwehudzi rumwe-ruvara, kazhinji grey, brown kana brownish. Kunyange zvazvo hadzi iine minyatso miviri chete, kazhinji pane vana 3-4 mumarara imwe chete. Mimba inotora inenge mwedzi miviri. Mhuka dzakagadzirwa zvakanaka, dzinoona, dzinokura nokukurumidza uye mushure memwedzi 2-2 ivo pachavo vatokwanisa kupa vana. Muzvisikwa, pane kazhinji 3 marita pagore, uye akawanda mukutapwa. 

Kazhinji huremu hwenguruve yakakura inenge 1 kg, kureba kunenge 25 cm. Zvisinei, huremu hwemuenzaniso wega wega hunosvika 2 kg. Hupenyu hunotarisirwa hwegonzo hwakakura - makore 8-10. 

Semhuka yemurabhoritari, guinea pig inokosha nekuda kwekunzwa kwayo kwakanyanya kune hutachiona hwezvirwere zvakawanda zvinotapukira muvanhu nemhuka dzepapurazi. Kugona uku kweguinea nguruve kwakaratidza kushandiswa kwavo kuongororwa kwezvirwere zvakawanda zvinotapukira zvevanhu nemhuka (semuenzaniso, diphtheria, typhus, tuberculosis, glanders, nezvimwewo). 

Mumabasa emumba uye ekunze mabhakitiriya uye virologists I.I. Mechnikov, N. F. Gamaleya, R. Koch, P. Roux nevamwe, guinea pig yakagara ichigara uye inotora imwe yenzvimbo dzekutanga pakati pemhuka dzerabhoritari. 

Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo guinea pig yaive uye yakakosha zvikuru semhuka yemurabhoritari yekurapa uye yemhuka bacteriology, virology, pathology, physiology, nezvimwe. 

Munyika yedu, guinea pig inoshandiswa zvakanyanya munzvimbo dzese dzemishonga, pamwe nekudzidza kwekudya kwevanhu, uye kunyanya mukudzidza kwekuita kwevhitamini C. 

Pakati pehama dzake pane tsuro inosanozivikanwa, tsindi, beaver, uye capybara hombe, inongozivikanwa kubva munzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka.