Masvosve gumi epamusoro pasi rose

Masvosve ndeyemhuri yezvipembenene zvinogara mumapoka makuru. Vane ma castes akati wandei: vakadzi vane mapapiro nevarume, vashandi vasina mapapiro. Nzvimbo dzavanogara dzinonzi masvosve. Vanovaka muvhu, pasi pamabwe, mumatanda.

Kune marudzi anopfuura zviuru gumi nemana emajuru, mamwe acho akasiyana nekukura kwawo. Zvinopfuura 14 marudzi anogona kuwanikwa munyika yedu. Vanogara pasi rose kunze kweIceland, Antarctica neGreenland.

Masvosve makuru munyika anoita sediki uye asina kukosha kwatiri, asi basa rawo muhupenyu hwepasi rakakura. Vanobatsira kudzora huwandu hwezvipembenene. Zvinoshandiswa pakudya. Zvipembenene izvi zvinosunungura uye kuisa muvhu, zvinowedzera goho munzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze anopisa.

10 Nothomyrmecia macrops, 5-7 мм

Rudzi rweimwe yemasvosve ekare anogara muAustralia. Yakatanga kuwanikwa muna 1931, yakatsanangurwa muna 1934. Nzendo dzakawanda dzemasayendisiti dzakaedza kutsvaga vamiririri vemarudzi aya kuitira kuti vadzidze zvakadzama, asi havana kukwanisa kuzviita. Vakaonekwa zvakare muna 1977.

Nothomyrmecia macrops anotorwa semasvosve aripakati nepakati, akareba kubva pa9,7 kusvika pa11 mm. Vane mhuri duku, dzinosanganisira kubva pa50 kusvika ku100 vashandi. Vanodya pane arthropods uye zvinotapira zvakavharwa zvehomopterous zvipembenene.

Vanosarudza kugara munzvimbo dzinotonhorera dzeSouth Australia, masango eucalyptus. Makomba ekupinda mudendere madiki kwazvo, haapfuuri 4-6 mm yakafara, saka anonetsa kuona, asina mirwi uye madhipoziti evhu akavigwa pasi pemarara emashizha.

9. Myrmecocystus, 10-13 мм

Masvosve erudzi urwu anogara munzvimbo dzerenje dzeUnited States neMexico. Vanogona kucheneruka yero kana dema. Iwo ndeerudzi rwemajuru, ane boka revashandi vane chikafu chemvura yemacarbohydrates muzvirimwa zvakazvimba. Aya ndiwo anonzi majuru.

Myrmecocystus vanhu veko vanoshandisa chikafu. MaIndia ekuMexico anobata uye anodya masvosve anoshanda ane dumbu rakazara, ayo anowanzonzi “mbiya dzeuchi“. Nekuda kwehukuru hwadzo, havagone kufamba nekuhwanda padenga redzimba dzakadzika dzedendere. Zviyero - kubva pa8-9 mm muvarume, kusvika 13-15 mm muvakadzi, uye vanhu vanoshanda vakatodiki - 4,5 - 9 mm.

8. Cephalotes, 3-14 mm

Zita resvosve iri rinogona kuturikirwa kuti “musoro munwe chigunwe“. Vanogona kuwanikwa muSouth uye Central America. Aya masvosve ehuni, ane mhuri dzakawanda. Vanogona kubva kune vashandi vakawanda kusvika ku10 zviuru.

Vanoda kugara mumiti kana makwenzi, mumigero nemakomba anodyiwa nezvimwe zvipembenene. Kana vakadonha netsaona kubva pabazi, vanogona parachute pahunde yechirimwa chimwe chete. Ndeemhando dzemasvosve dzisiri dzehasha dzinogona kugara pamwe chete nezvimwe zvipembenene zvinobva kumhuri iyi.

Dzinodya zvakaora, nekita rinowedzera maruva, uye mukume wekudyara. Dzimwe nguva dzinowanikwa pashuga nemapuroteni, patsvina yeshiri. Cephalotes zvakawanikwa nemusayendisiti wechiRungu F. Smith muna 1860.

7. Camponotus herculeanus, 10-15 mm

Mhando iyi yakakura. Anodanwa hofori yesvosve or svosve rezamu dzvuku - huni. Vakadzi nevarume vatema, vamwe vose vane musoro wakasviba uye chipfuva chitsvuku. Imwe yemaonero makuru eRussia.

Hurefu hwemunhukadzi kana masoja hunosvika 2 cm kureba. Inogona kuwanikwa munenge masango ose eEurope: kubva kuchamhembe kweAsia kusvika kumadokero kweSiberia. Camponotus herculeanus dzinovaka matendere adzo mumatanda ane chirwere kana kuti akafa, misipiresi, uye dzimwe nguva mupaini. Vanodya zvipembenene uye vanounganidza huchi. Masvosve pachawo ndiwo anonyanya kufarirwa.

6. Camponotus vagus, 6-16 мм

Rudzi rukuru rwesvosve rinogona kuwanikwa mumasango ekuchamhembe kweAsia neEurope. Ichi chipembenene chemusango chine muviri mutema unopenya ndicho chimwe chezvipembenene zvikuru mumhuka dzeRussia. Madzimai nemasoja anogona kukura kusvika 15 mm, asi ukuru hwezvimwe zvipembenene zvinogona kuva zviduku zvishoma - kubva pa6 kusvika ku17 mm.

Vanoda kugara munzvimbo dzakavhurika dzesango: pamicheto, kucheneswa, kucheneswa kwekare kwemasango epaini ane deciduous uye akasanganiswa. Camponotus vagus vanoda nzvimbo dzakanyatsovhenekerwa nevhu rejecha, dzinogara pasi pehuni dzakaoma, asi dzinogona kuwanikwawo pasi pematombo.

Masvosve avo ari pazvitunha, zvisaririra zvehuni. Mune imwe koloni, kune kubva ku1 zviuru kusvika ku4 zviuru zvevanhu, huwandu hwegumi zviuru. Izvi zvipembenene zvine hasha uye zvinomhanya zvinodzivirira dendere razvo zvinotyisa.

5. Paraporera clavate, 28-30 mm

Rudzi rwemajuru makuru, ane zita rinogona kududzirwa se“bullet svosve“. Vanosiyana nehama dzavo pakuti vane muchetura, muchetura wavo une simba kudarika wewava kana nyuchi.

Nzvimbo yezvipembenene izvi inogara Central neSouth America, kunyanya masango ane hunyoro uye anopisa. Mhuri dzemasvosve dzinofarira masango emujinga mezvikomo. paraporera clavate yakatanga kutsanangurwa neDanish zoologist Johann Fabricius muna 1775. Izvi zvipembenene zvebrownish-black zvinokura kusvika 18-25 mm. Mumhuri imwe kubva ku1 kusvika ku2,5 zviuru zvevanhu vanoshanda.

Masvosve evhu anowanikwa pasi pemiti. Pane nharaunda imwe yemasvosve aya pa1 ha yesango. Vanodya pane arthropods, nekita, iyo inounganidzwa mukorona. Vane hurefu hurefu (kusvika 4 mm) uye chepfu yakasimba. Marwadzo mushure mekurumwa anonzwika mukati mezuva, saka chipembenene ichi chinonziwo “svosve - 24 maawa".

4. Dorylus nigricans 9-30 mm

Munyika dzinopisa dzeAfrica, munzvimbo yesango, unogona kuona rudzi urwu rwemajuru matema. Vanomira pakukura kwavo: vashandi - kubva 2,5 kusvika 9 mm, masoja - anosvika 13 mm, murume - 30 mm, uye mukadzi kusvika 50 mm.

Mumhuri imwe Dorylus nigricans - vanhu vanosvika mamirioni makumi maviri. Urwu rudzi rwunotyisa kwazvo runodya mhuka mhenyu uye dzakafa, uye rinogona kubata mhuka dzinokambaira nemhuka dzemufibhi.

Hadzina matendere echigarire. Masikati vanotama, uye usiku vanowana pokugara kwenguva pfupi. Koramu inotama-tama inogona kusvika makumi akati wandei emamita. Kana pane zvipingamupinyi munzira, vanogadzira "mabhiriji" kubva pamiviri yavo.

3. Camponotus gigas, 18-31 mm

Iyi imwe yemhando huru inogona kuwanikwa mumasango anonaya mvura eThailand, Indonesia, neMalaysia. Saizi yacho inoenderana nekuti munhu akaita sei. Vadiki vacho varume, kubva pa18 kusvika ku20 mm, vashandi vakakura zvishoma - kubva pa19 kusvika 22 mm, masoja - 28 -30 mm, uye mambokadzi - kubva pa30 kusvika 31 mm.

Camponotus gigas ruvara dema. Vanodya huchi neshuga, michero, tumbuyu, uye dzimwe mbeu. Chiito chinoratidzwa usiku, dzimwe nguva - masikati. Dzinogara muvhu, pasi pemiti, dzimwe nguva mumatanda akaora.

2. Dinoporera, 20-40 mm

Mumasango anogara achinaya mvura ePeru, Brazil, rudzi urwu rwemajuru matema anopenya rwakapararira. Mumhuri imwe Dinoporera vanhu vakawanda, dzimwe nguva - vanopfuura 100.

Vanodya pane akafa arthropods, mbeu, michero inotapira, uye inogona kusanganisira madzvinyu, matatya, uye huku mukudya kwavo.

Dzinogara muvhu. Majuru anotya, kana akaona njodzi, anosarudza kuvanda. Kana vanhu vanobva mumatendere akasiyana vakasangana, panogona kunge paine "kuratidzira" kurwa, asi kazhinji havasviki kurwa kwemuviri, kunyanya kunouraya.

1. Myrmecia pavida, 30-40 mm

Vakadanwa "bulldog masvosve“. Vanogara kuWestern Australia, dzimwe nguva inowanikwa muSouth Australia. Kazhinji tsvuku kana tsvuku-tsvuku, orenji, dema, yakajeka, pakarepo inorova.

Vanodya zvipembenene uye neshuga secretions. Matendere anovakwa munzvimbo dzakaoma, muvhu. Vane rumborera uye chepfu ine ngozi, kusanganisira kuvanhu. Kana a Myrmecia akatya kuruma, zvinogona kukonzera anaphylactic shock. Mukoloni - kusvika kumazana evanhu.