Kunogara kamba: hugaro hwegungwa nekamba dzomusango

Turtles dzinogara zvose mumakondinendi uye mumvura yegungwa inovageza, uyewo mugungwa rakashama. Nzvimbo yekugovera mhuka idzi yakakura kwazvo - inowanikwa kwese kwese panyika uye mumakungwa, kunze kwemahombekombe eAntarctica uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweEurasia. Naizvozvo, pamepu, nharaunda yekugara inogona kumiririrwa seyakafara tambo kubva kunenge 55 madhigirii kuchamhembe latitude kusvika 45 madhigirii kumaodzanyemba.

Range miganhu

Zvichienderana nekuti turtles dzinowanikwa kupi, dzinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri:

1. Marine - nzvimbo dzavo dzekugara dzakasiyana-siyana: idzi imvura dzemakungwa.
2. Ground - zvakare yakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri:

a. Zvepasi - Vanogara chete panyika.

b. Mvura yakachena - kugara mumvura (nzizi, madziva, madziva, kuseri kwemvura).

Chaizvoizvo, turtles imhuka dzinoda kupisa, saka dzinowanikwa chete muequatorial, tropical uye mamiriro ekunze anodziya. Vanogona kuwanikwa mumakondinendi ese kunze kweAntarctica. Mhuka dzinogara munyika dzakawanda:

• muAfrica, kamba dzinowanikwa kwose kwose;
• panharaunda yeNorth America, ivo vanoparadzirwa zvakanyanya muU.SA uye munyika dzebhandi reequatorial;
• muSouth America - munyika dzose kunze kweChile nekumaodzanyemba kweArgentina;
• muEurasia kwose kwose, kunze kweGreat Britain, Scandinavia, yakawanda yeRussia, China neArabia Peninsula;
• muAustralia kwese kwese, kunze kwechikamu chepakati penyika neNew Zealand.

Pamba, mhuka idzi dzinoberekerwa kwese kwese: turtle inogara kune chero kondinendi yakatapwa, chero iyo yakajairika tembiricha, hunyoro uye kudya kunopihwa. Nekudaro, tarisiro yehupenyu pamba inogara iri shoma pane yakasikwa nharaunda.

Nzvimbo dzinogara kamba

Mhuri yeturtles yenyika inosanganisira 57 marudzi. Anenge ese ari munzvimbo dzakavhurika dzine mamiriro ekunze akapfava kana anopisa - aya ndeaya:

• Africa;
• Asia;
• Southern Europe;
• North, Central uye South America.

Zvizhinji mhuka dzinogara mumatepfenyuro, magwenga, mapango kana savannas. Mamwe marudzi anofarira nzvimbo dzakanyorova, dzine mumvuri - dzinogara mumasango anopisa. Kamba dzinoda nzvimbo dziri pakati nepakati uye dzinopisa. Muchiitiko chekutanga, vanonyatsocherechedza mwaka uye vanopinda muhubernation yechando. Muchiitiko chechipiri, mhuka dzinokambaira dzinoramba dzichishanda munguva yose uye hadzina kugadzirira chando.

Vamwe vamiriri vakajairika ve turtles dzenyika dzinosanganisira dzinotevera mhando:

Iyo yakajairwa nyika torto, iyo inowanzo kuberekerwa muRussia kumba, imhando yeCentral Asia. Muzvisikwa, idzi turtles dzepanyika dzinogara munzvimbo dzinotevera:

• Middle Asia;
• kumaodzanyemba kweKazakhstan;
• kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweIran;
• India nePakistan;
• Afuganisitani.

Inonyanya kuwanikwa mumatanho, asi Central Asia tortoise inogona kuwanikwa kunyange mujinga mezvikomo panzvimbo yakakwirira inopfuura 1 km. Pasinei nekuwanda kwechikara ichi, nguva pfupi yadarika yagara ichirwiswa nekuvhima, saka yakatonyorwa muRed Book.

Range remvura yakachena turtles

Idzi kamba muzvisikwa zvinogara chete mumvura yakachena yemvura ine mvura yakachena - munzizi, madziva kana madziva. Mumhuri yemvura yakachena, kune marudzi makumi manomwe nenomwe ehutu hwakasiyana kubva muhukuru kubva kudiki kusvika pakati. Ivo vechokwadi amphibians, nekuti vanokwanisa kugara kwenguva yakareba kwete mumvura chete, asiwo panyika. Turtles dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeidzi:

Iyo bog turtle inogara kuCentral neSouthern Europe, Mediterranean uye North Africa. Inowanikwawo muRussia - nzvimbo dzeNorth Caucasus uye Crimea. Anofarira nzizi diki nemadziva akanyarara, kuseri kwemvura ine matope pasi, kwaunogona kuchera nguva yechando. Iyi imhuka inoda kupisa inotonhora mumvura isingatonhodzi. Kumaodzanyemba kweEurope nekuchamhembe kweAfrica, mhuka inokambaira inoramba ichishanda gore rose.

Turtles ane nzeve dzvuku anogara mune zvakasikwa muNorth uye South America:

• SHANDISA;
• Kanadha;
• nyika dzebhandi reequatorial;
• northern Venezuela;
• Colombia

Mhando yeCayman inogarawo muU.SA uye pamwe nemiganhu yekumaodzanyemba kweCanada, uye reptile iyi haiwanikwe mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Kamba yakapendwa inogara munharaunda imwe chete.

Kamba dzemugungwa dzinogara kupi

Kamba yegungwa inogara mumvura ine munyu yemakungwa epasirese - zvese munzvimbo yemahombekombe uye mugungwa rakashama. Mhuri iyi ine marudzi akati wandei, pakati ayo anonyanya kuzivikanwa ndee turtles:

Nzvimbo huru yekugara inzvimbo dzinopisa dzegungwa dzinogeza makondinendi uye zvitsuwa zvega. Kazhinji kamba dzemugungwa dzinogara munzvimbo dzakavhurika dzinodziya kana mvura yemugungwa. Ivo, semhando dzemvura yakachena, vanopedza huzhinji hwehupenyu hwavo mumvura. Zvisinei, dzinouya kumahombekombe gore negore kuzokandira mazai pamhenderekedzo dzegungwa dzine jecha.

Iyo turtle yegungwa yegirini (inonziwo soup turtle) inogara munzvimbo dzinopisa uye subtropics mumakungwa ePacific neAtlantic oceans. Iyi imhando yakakura kwazvo - munhu anosvika 1,5 m kureba, uye anosvika 500 kg muhuremu. Sezvo nzvimbo inogarwa nekamba yegungwa iyi ichiwanzopindirana nekugara kwevanhu, kuvhima kunorongwa kuti iwane nyama inonaka. Saka, mumakore achangopfuura, kuvhima mhuka iyi kunorambidzwa munenge nyika dzose.

Turtles dzinogara munzvimbo dzakawanda dzechisikigo kunze kwe tundra uye taiga. Muchikomo chezvikomo ivo vanowanikwa pahupamhi hwe 1-1,5 km, pakadzika kwegungwa ivo vanenge vasina kujairika. Vanoda kugara pedyo nechepamusoro kuitira kuti vagare vachiwana mhepo. Sezvo izvi zviri zvinokambaira zvinoda kupisa, chinhu chikuru chinomisa kugovera kwavo kupisa. Naizvozvo, mumamiriro okunze akaoma eRussia nedzimwe nyika dzekuchamhembe, kazhinji kazhinji vanogona kuwanikwa mukutapwa.