Anemia mumbwa

Kune regenerative anemias (ine zvakakwana bone marrow basa), iyo inokura mushure mekubuda ropa kana hemolysis, uye isingadzokeri, kana hypoplastic, ine erythropoiesis yakaderedzwa kana yakavharwa zvachose, somuenzaniso, semugumisiro wehosha dzemapfupa.

Anemia haisi chirwere chaicho, asi chiratidzo chinowanikwa mumbwa dzine zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.

Zvinokonzera Anemia muImbwa

Ndezvipi zvingave zvikonzero zvekuderera kwemasero matsvuku eropa, hemoglobin uye hematocrit mumbwa? Huwandu hukuru hwepathologies hunogona kutungamira mukukura kweanemia muimbwa, hezvino zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa kwavari:

• kuvapo kwekubuda ropa semugumisiro wekushungurudzika kana maronda mumatumbo emimba;

• kudya kusina kuenzana (kushaya iron kana mhangura muzvokudya);

• kusakwana kwekugadzirwa kwehomoni erythropoietin, iyo inokurudzira kuumbwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa mumwongo wepfupa (somuenzaniso, mukusingaperi renal kukundikana, hypothyroidism);

• kudhakwa (chepfu nesimbi inorema, zvigadzirwa zvekudya zvakadai sehanyanisi negariki);

• kukuvadzwa kwechepfu kumapfupa emapfupa nemamwe madhiragi, senge anticancer zvinodhaka, phenylbutazone, chloramphenicol, nezvimwewo;

• zvirwere zvinotapukira (piroplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, parvovirus enteritis);

• pamwe chete nezvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvehutano mumapfupa emapfupa zvinogona kukonzera kupererwa neropa mumbwa (myelodysplasia, myelo- uye lymphoproliferative zvirwere, metastases).

Mhando dzeanemia

Regenerative anemia

Regenerative anemia inowanzoitika semugumisiro wekurasikirwa kweropa kana hemolysis (kureva, nzira yekuparadzwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa). Nekurasikirwa kweropa (semugumisiro wekushungurudzika, maronda kana mamwe maitiro ehutachiona), nhamba yemasero matsvuku eropa inoderera, asi hupenyu hwavo hwemazuva ose hunochengetwa. Nehemolytic anemia mumbwa, hupenyu hwemasero matsvuku eropa hunoderera - vanotanga kuparara mberi kwenguva. Uyezve, muhemolytic anemia, kukwanisa kwemapfupa kupora kunowanzo kukwirira, nokuti panguva yekubuda ropa, iron inobudiswa kubva mumuviri pamwe chete nemasero matsvuku eropa, uye panguva yehemolysis, inopinda muropa uye inoshandiswa mukugadzirwa kwehemoglobin. . Muenzaniso wakajairika munyika yedu ndeyekusimudzirwa kwekudzivirira-kupindirana kwehemolytic anemia mumbwa inopesana nemashure epiroplasmosis (chirwere chinoparadzirwa kuburikidza nekurumwa kwekiti).

Non-regenerative anemia

Chiratidzo chikuru che-non-regenerative (hypoplastic) anemia inhibition yakapinza ye erythropoiesis, kureva, masero matsvuku eropa matsva anomira kubudiswa. Muchiitiko ichi, kukanganisa kwe erythropoiesis chete kunogona kuonekwa, apo chete nhamba ye erythrocytes muropa inoderera, uye chironda chose chemapfupa emapfupa, apo nhamba ye erythrocytes, leukocytes, uye maplatelet inoderera muropa (saka- inonzi pancytopenia).

Hypoplastic anemia chirwere chechipiri, saka kazhinji zviratidzo zvechirwere chepamusoro zvinoonekwa kare kupfuura zviratidzo chaizvo zvekushaya ropa. Saka, semuenzaniso, mukutadza kusingaperi kwetsvo, varidzi vanozotanga kutarisisa kune yakawedzera nyota, kugara uchiweti, kuonda uye kunhuwa kubva mumuromo, pamberi pemaoplasms - chiratidzo chekutanga chichava cachexia (kuneta kwakanyanya kwemuviri). pamberi pe endocrine pathologies mumbwa - bilateral symmetrical kurasikirwa jasi, nezvimwe.

Nekusina-regenerative anemia, zviratidzo zvinowanzokura zvishoma nezvishoma, asi kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwechirwere chepasi kunogona kukonzera kukura kwakanyanya kweanemia (pallor, kusava nehanya, kukurumidza kurova kwemoyo uye kufema). Kune regenerative anemia, kamwe-kamwe kutanga kwezviratidzo kunowedzera hunhu.

Zviratidzo zveAnemia muImbwa

Zviratidzo zvekushaya ropa muimbwa zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwekurasikirwa neropa, kugona kwemuviri kuripa, uye kuoma kwemaitiro acho. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvose zvine acute uye zvisingaperi anemia, muridzi wacho angasateerera kuchinja kwemaitiro echipfuwo.

Sezvo mutemo, nekurasikirwa kweropa kwakanyanya, zviratidzo ndezvi:

• kuneta;

• kupenya kwe mucous membranes;

• zviratidzo zvekuvhunduka;

• zviratidzo zvinooneka zvekubuda ropa (muhupo hwekubuda ropa mukati, panogona kunge kune tsvina yakasviba - chiratidzo cheropa rakagayiwa).

Nekurasikirwa kweropa kwenguva refu, unogona kuona:

• kupenya kwe mucous membranes;

• kusava nehanya, kuneta kwechipfuwo;

• kuderera kushivirira kune basa remuviri;

• pangava nokupera simba;

• nzara yakatsveyama yakajairika.

Asi, zvisinei nekuti zviratidzo zvinogona kuratidza pachena kuvepo kweanemia muchipfuyo, zvinodikanwa kuita ongororo yerabhoritari - kupfuudza kuongororwa ropa - kuziva rudzi rweanemia, chikonzero chayo uye kuomarara kwechirwere.

Diagnostics

Kuti uone anemia uye uone rudzi rwayo, sekutonga, kuongororwa kweropa kwese, kwakasimbiswa ne cytological kuongorora kweropa smear, yakakwana.

Ne regenerative anemia, maererano nehuwandu hwekuongorora ropa, kuderera kwe hemoglobin, hematocrit, uye nhamba yemasero matsvuku eropa inoonekwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuita chirwere, zvakakwana kungodzidza donho reropa mumbwa kune hematocrit - ichaderedzwa. Dzimwe nguva pane kuchinja kwechimiro uye kusvibiswa kwe erythrocytes - anisocytosis uye polychromasia. Ivhareji yevhoriyamu ye erythrocytes inowedzera kana mukati mehuwandu hwehuwandu, huwandu hwehuwandu hwe hemoglobin mu erythrocyte mu imbwa hunoderedzwa kana mukati mehutano hwemazuva ose.

Nehemolytic anemia, shanduko chaiyo yekunze mu erythrocytes inowanikwa - spherocytosis kana schizocytosis.

Musiyano mukuru pakati pekugadzirisa uye kusingadzoreki anemia ndiko kuwedzera kwenhamba yevasina kukura ("vaduku") maitiro emasero matsvuku eropa - reticulocytes (kureva, reticulocytosis) uye kuderera kwehematocrit. Asi panguva yekutanga ye regenerative anemia, nhamba ye reticulocytes (sezvakangoita mu hypoplastic anemia) inogona kuderedzwa - mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kuputika kwepfupa kunogona kudiwa kuti uone rudzi rwekushaya ropa. Ne regenerative anemia, bone marrow hyperplasia inoonekwa, uye ne hypoplastic haisipo.

Kana autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIGA mumbwa) ichifungidzirwa, yakakosha yakananga antiglobulin bvunzo, iyo Coombs bvunzo, inoitwa. Kuvapo kwemasoja ekudzivirira erythrocytes, spherocytosis uye polychromasia kunosimbisa kuongororwa.

Kuongororwa kwe cytological ye smear yeropa haina kukosha kupfuura kuongororwa kweropa kunoitwa neanalyzer - maererano nazvo, chiremba werabhoritari anoitisa ongororo yakazara ye morphological yekuumbwa kweropa, iyo inobatsira kumisa rudzi uye chikonzero cheropa. kupererwa neropa.

Anemia muvana

Muvana vaduku, anemia inogona kuitika semugumisiro wekudya kusina kuenzana, kuvapo kwehelminthic infestation, kana chirwere chetachiona chakadai separvovirus enteritis. Zvinosuruvarisa, pasinei nekupararira kwakapararira, parvovirus enteritis yakajairika uye yakaoma kurapa zvirwere. Asi, nerufaro, nzira dzekubhadhara mumapupi dzakagadzirwa zvakanaka, uye kana chirwere chepamusoro chikamira, anemia muvana inokurumidza kupera.

Kurapa Anemia muImbwa

Kazhinji, varidzi vanobvunza vanachiremba mibvunzo yakadai: "Ndinofanira kuitei kana imbwa ine hemoglobin yakaderera?" kana kuti “Imbwa yangu inoda kuisirwa ropa here?” Asi, usati warapa anemia mumbwa, unoda kuziva chikonzero chakakonzera.

Chokutanga pane zvose, kurapa kwakananga kwechirwere kunorayirwa: somuenzaniso, kana imbwa ine ropa-parasitic chirwere, zvinodhaka zvinoshanda pahutachiona zvinoshandiswa pakurapa. Kana anemia mumbwa inokonzerwa nechirwere chetsvo chisingaperi, zvakakosha kutora chirwere chepasi pasi pekutonga uye kuitisa nzira yehomoni erythropoietin. Kana anemia yakakonzerwa nekusakwana kwekudya, ipapo chiremba wemhuka achapindura mubvunzo wekuti ungasimudza sei hemoglobin mumbwa.

Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti kuzvidzora kwesimbi, cyanocobalamin uye folic acid zvinowedzera, zvichida, hazvizounzi chero rubatsiro kune chipfuwo, uye nguva yakarasika inogona kukanganisa hutano hwayo. Kazhinji, maitiro ekurapa anogona kusiyanisa zvakanyanya kubva pakuoma kweanemia uye kuratidzwa kwezviratidzo mumbwa.

Nekunonoka kukura kweanemia mumuviri, nzira dzekubhadhara dzine nguva yekuumba, uye naizvozvo kuenzanisa kupererwa kweropa (hematocrit inopfuura 25%), sekutonga, haidi kurapwa kwekuchengetedza. Mune anemia yakaoma (hematocrit iri pasi pe15-20%), inonzi oksijeni nzara inokura, saka, zvakakosha kuderedza kushanda kwemuviri uye kuwedzerwa ropa.

Yakanyanya hypoplastic anemia, iyo inogona kubatanidzwa neoncology uye mamwe mamiriro akakomba, inowanzobatanidzwa nehurombo husina kunaka uye inoda kurapwa kwenguva refu.

Muchiitiko chekushaya ropa kwakanyanya, hematocrit uye smear yeropa inofanira kuongororwa kamwe chete mazuva 1-1, nemamiriro akagadzikana echipfuwo uye kosi isingaperi - mavhiki maviri-2 ega ega.

Acute regenerative anemia inoda rubatsiro rwechimbichimbi. Nekubuda ropa kukuru, kuvhunduka uye kudhakwa kunogoneka, saka zvakakosha kuendesa chipfuwo kukiriniki nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, kwaanozobatsirwa. Mumazuva matatu ekutanga, chipfuwo chicharatidzwa infusion therapy, kana zvichidiwa, kuwedzerwa ropa.

Kugadzirira kwesimbi kunowanzonyorwa nemuromo kana intravenously kune imbwa. Zvisinei, zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti zvine musoro kushandisa iron supplements pamberi pekushaya iron anemia, iyo isingawanzoitiki mumbwa. Mhando iyi yeanemia inokura nekurasikirwa kweropa kwenguva refu uye kusadya kwakakwana; kuongororwa kwakakosha kunodiwa kuti usimbise kuongororwa (kuyerwa kweyero yehomoni ferritin, kuongororwa kwesimbi-kusunga simba, uye dzimwe nzira).

Kune hemolytic anemia mumbwa, kurapwa kwakananga kunorayirwa.

Kubudirira kwekurapa kunoongororwa nehuwandu hwekuongorora ropa, panguva yekutanga - zuva nezuva, nekugadzikana kwemamiriro acho - mazuva ose 3-5. Kazhinji, nekumira kwakanyanya kurasikirwa kweropa, huwandu hweropa hutsvuku hunodzoreredzwa mukati memazuva gumi nemana.

dhayeti

Kudya kweanemia kudya kwakaringana uye kwakakodzera. Pakudyisa imbwa neakasarudzika maindasitiri feed, anemia haizoitika. Asi kana iwe uchidyisa imbwa kubva patafura, kudya kwezvinomera, saka zvinetso hazvigoni kudziviswa. Zvokudya zvekakani zvevana, zvinodikanwa nevatenzi vakawanda, zvinonyanya kuipa kune imbwa - inowanzova neanisi uye garlic muhuwandu hunobvumirwa kuvana sechinhu chinonaka, asi mumbwa dzinogona kukonzera hemolytic anemia. Izvo zvakare zvinorambidzwa zvakanyanya kuwedzera hanyanisi uye garlic kune chikafu: kudya hanyanisi kana garlic muhuwandu hwe5 g / kg yehuremu hwemuviri idosi ine chepfu uye inogona kutungamirira kukushaya ropa.

dziviriro

Sezvo anemia isiri chirwere chakazvimirira, kudzivirira kunosanganisira kubvisa zvikonzero zvinokonzeresa.

Kutanga, kudya kwakaringana kwemhuka dzinovaraidza. Kana iwe usingade kudyisa imbwa yako chikafu chakagadzirwa, iva nechokwadi chekutsvaga rubatsiro kune veterinary nutritionist kuti ubatsirwe mukugadzira chikafu chega. Semuenzaniso, vezvekudya muPetstory mobile application ichakubatsira iwe kugadzira chikafu chakadaro. Unogona kuidhawunirodha kubva pane iyi link.

Chechipiri, kubaiwa. Chete chekudzivirira panguva yakakodzera maererano nezvirongwa zvinotenderwa neveterinarians zvinogona kudzivirira mhuka dzinovaraidza kubva kuhutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hwehutachiona hunogona kutungamira kuanemia kana kufa.

Chechitatu, hatifaniri kukanganwa pamusoro pezvinosungirwa nguva dzose kurapwa kwezvipembenene - zvose zvemukati (helminths) uye kunze (nhata uye zvikwekwe).

Chechina, chakakosha kuongororwa kwechiremba nguva dzose kwemhuka dzinovaraidza kuti dzione zviratidzo zvechirwere panguva yekutanga. Zvipfuyo zvekare zvinoratidzwa kamwechete pagore kutora kuongororwa kweropa kudzivirira - general uye biochemical.

Chinyorwa hachisi kudana kuita!

Kuti uwane ruzivo rwakadzama rwedambudziko, tinokurudzira kubata nyanzvi.

Bvunza chiremba wemhuka

Gumiguru 13 2020

Yakagadziridzwa: Kukadzi 13, 2021