Axolotl. Nzira yekuchengetedza mhuka yakadaro?

Axolotl (Axolotl) inonzi neotenic larva yemamwe marudzi eambistoma. Neoteny - kugona kwezvipenyu kusvika pakukura kwepabonde uye kuberekana mularval kana yekutanga nhanho yekukura. Dzimwe amphibians, makonye, ​​arthropods uye mosses uye ferns vane kugona uku. Marudzi ekare aidya axolotls, mazuva ano kubata iyi amphibian kunorambidzwa - yakanyorwa muRed Book, uye mune zvakasikwa iri padanho rekutsakatika, uye mazhinji axolotls anochengetwa kumba. Pamba, axolotls eMexican ambystoma (Ambystoma mexicanum) anowanzo chengetwa, zvishoma kazhinji - tiger ambystoma (Ambystoma tigrinum). Iyo axolotl ine chitarisiko chakanaka: musoro muhombe wakashongedzwa nemapeya matatu ematerry ekunze gill, muromo wakafara une mazino madiki, sekunge unogara uchinyemwerera, maziso madiki akatenderera. Muswe we axolotl wakafuratira, wakafara uye wakareba, une chipedzi chinotangira kubva pakati pemusana. Muviri wakafukidzwa neganda rakatsetseka rine vertical grooves kumativi.

Iyo axolotl inogona kufema nemagill nemapapu. Chimwe chinhu chinonakidza cheaxolotl ndiko kukwanisa kudzorerazve nhengo dzemuviri dzakarasika, dzakadai segill nemakumbo, kunyange mapfupa anokura zvakare nekudzorerwa kwakazara kwemabasa. Saizi yevakuru axolotl iri paavhareji 20-25 cm, kashoma kukura kupfuura 35 cm.

Axolotls inogona kuva yemavara akasiyana (morph): Yemusango / Yakajairika - "yemusango" grey-brown ruvara, Melanistic - yakadzika dema, Mhangura - makwapa matema pane yakatsvuka kumashure, Mosaic - asina kuenzana mavara egoridhe akapararira pamuviri wakasviba, Leucistic - machena ane gills akajeka, akafanana nealbino, asi ane maziso ane mavara, Dirty Leucistic - incomplete pigmentation, inogara iine mavara madema kana mashava pamuviri wakachena, Gold Albino - yegoridhe yero inopenya axolotls ane chiedza chero maziso, uye White Albino - machena albino. nemaziso akareruka uye nemwana mutsvuku.

Nzira yekuchengetedza sei axolotl?

Paunenge uchichengeta axolotls, zvinodikanwa kuti utarise zvimwe zvakakosha zvemukati izvo zvinokanganisa hupenyu uye hutano hwechisikwa ichi chinoshamisa.

Tembiricha uye kuchena kwemvura

Mapoinzi akakosha ekuchengetedza axolotl ndiko kudziya uye kuchena kwemvura. Muzvisikwa, vanogara mumadziva anotonhora, umo avhareji yekushisa kwemvura inochengetwa paanenge 13-20 madhigirii uye pazasi. Izvo zvinodiwawo kuchengetedza tembiricha yemvura yakadzika mu aquarium - kuwedzera kwekushisa pamusoro pe23-24 madhigirii kunokuvadza kune axolotl. Kuti utonhodze mvura, unogona kushandisa ese ari maviri mafiriji emu aquariums - mafiriji akakosha, asi anowanzo kudhura, kana kushandisa majoini anotonhorera anogona kutonhodza mvura neanenge madhigirii mashanu, uye mumazuva anopisa kuwedzera kutonhora nemabhodhoro echando. Kana zvinotonhodza zvikabatidzwa, mvura inoputika nokukasika; pachinzvimbo, unofanira kuwedzera mvura yakachena inotonhorera. Mvura inofanira kuva yakachena, mvura acidity (pH) - 5-7, kuoma (dH) - 8-6. Iwe unogona kubvisa tsvina kubva pasi ne siphon, uye nguva dzose - kamwechete pavhiki, ita mvura inoshanduka (16-20%) yemvura yakachena, yakanyatsogadziriswa kwezuva.

Aquarium, ivhu uye aquarium midziyo

Kune mumwe munhu mukuru axolotl, inotora kubva ku40 malita emvura, zvichida yakawanda. Iyo aquarium inofanirwa kunge iri yemhando yakachinjika, inokwana masendimita makumi mashanu kureba kune munhu mumwechete, uye ine nzvimbo yakakura yepasi. Zvakare, iyo aquarium inofanira kunge ine chivharo. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuisa mukati kana kunze sefa ine compressor mu aquarium. Kuyerera kwemvura nemhepo hakufanire kunge kwakasimba, unogona kushandisa muromo wenyere kuputsa kuyerera kana kungotungamira jeti rinobuda musefa kumadziro. Izvo zvinodikanwa kuchenesa iyo sefa panguva yakakodzera, sezvo axolotls inoburitsa yakawanda tsvina. Ivhu rinofanirwa kuve rakatsetseka, risisina micheto yakapinza, kuitira kuti axolotl irege kukuvadza ganda rakapfava, uye chidimbu chakakura, miromo yakawanda yeamphibian, kuitira kuti irege kuimedza, sechisarudzo, ichengetedze isina ivhu zvachose. . Mwenje haufanirwe kuve wakajeka, iyo axolotl ichave yakanyanya kugadzikana muchiedza chakapararira.

Zvinhu zvekushongedza, pokugara, zvinomera

Axolotls haaone zvakanaka uye haafarire mwenje wakajeka, saka zvinokurudzirwa kuisa pekugara mu aquarium. Decor uye pekugara mu aquarium inofanirawo kunge isina zvinhu zvinopinza. Matombo mahombe, matanda ekudonha, mapoto mahombe eceramic, mahombe ekushongedza, kunyange mapaipi epurasitiki anogona kushandiswa sekushongedza uye pekugara. Izvo zvakakosha kuti mukushongedza maburi ese akakura kupfuura iyo axolotl pachayo, uye haigone kunamira chero kupi. Zvirimwa zvinogona kudyarwa, asi sarudza kwete zvinyoro zvinomera zvine midzi yakanaka midzi, kana kuisa uye kusungira kubva zvakananga muhari, sezvo axolotl iri nani uye ine maonero asina kunaka, uye inogona kuwira mumiti. Iyo axolotl haina hanya kana chirimwa chiri chipenyu, saka zvinomera zvekugadzira zvinogona kushandiswa zvakare, pasina mipendero yakapinza uye makona, kubva kune zvemhando yepamusoro zvinhu zvisingabudisi zvinhu zvinokuvadza mumvura.

Zvinoita here kutora axolotl mumaoko ako?

Kupisa kwemaoko evanhu kunopisa zvakanyanya kune ganda rakapfava remvura inotonhora axolotl. Muchiitiko chekukurumidzira, maoko anofanirwa kutonhodzwa, asi zviri nani kushandisa mambure makuru ekudyara.    

Unogona kuchengeta axolotl nedzimwe mhuka dzemu aquarium?

Izvo zvinodikanwa kuchengetedza axolotls mune yemhando aquarium, uko chete axolotls ichachengetwa. Achadya hove duku uye shrimps, kunyanya usiku. Vagari vakakura vanogona kutokuvadza axolotl pachayo, kukwenya, kuruma, hove dzinoshanda dzinokwenya mupendero wakapfava wegill. Kazhinji tembiricha yakadaro yakaderera mvura haina kukodzera kune vamwe vagari vemu aquarium. Axolotls, mukuwedzera, inoratidzirwa ne cannibalism, munhu mukuru ane mukana wekudya diki. Naizvozvo, zvinodikanwa kuti ese axolotls anogara pamwechete ave akaenzana saizi.

Chii chokudyisa axolotl?

Iyo axolotl imhuka uye inodya chikafu chemhuka. Hwaro hwekudya kweaxolotls epamba inogona kuchekwa chikafu chegungwa (mussels, squids, octopus), mbishi (kwete yakabikwa) shrimp, boneless lean hove fillet, makiriketi ane makumbo akabviswa, madiki kana akachekwa pasi makonye, ​​bloodworms. Nezvekupedzisira, unofanirwa kuchenjerera, sezvo njodzi yehupfu yakakwirira. Kana chikafu chisina hupenyu, chinogona kupihwa netwo matinji, zviri nani neine rubber tip, sezvo axolotls ine maonero asina kunaka, inopindirana nekufamba, uye inobata mhuka nejerk inopinza. Hazvidikanwi kupa nyama yehuku, nyama yemombe, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvenyama kune axolotls, sezvo zvisingagadzike kwavari. Dyisa munhu mukuru axolotl 1-2 nguva pavhiki. Kana mushure mekudya kune zvidimbu zvezvokudya pasi, unogona kuzvibvisa nemambure kana siphon, kuitira kuti urege kuparadza mvura.

Kuberekwa kweaxolotls

Kuberekesa axolotls kumba kunowanzo kuve nyore. Kuyaruka mumhunga kunoitika pedyo negore. 

Vasati vaberekesa, hono nehadzi dzinofanirwa kuparadzaniswa kwemavhiki akati wandei uye tembiricha yezviri mukati inofanira kudzikiswa nemadhigirii akati wandei. Vagadziri vanofanira kudyiswa zvakanaka, mushure mezvo vanoiswa mune imwe aquarium yakasiyana. Kana yasangana, inokandira mazai. Mushure mekunge mazai aiswa, mazai anofanira kubviswa sezvo angadya mazai. Nokuda kwekukura kwakakodzera kwemazai, kuchinja kwemvura zuva nezuva kunodiwa. Pamusoro pezvo, mazai ese akacheneswa anofanirwa kubviswa mu aquarium, kuitira kudzivirira kukuvadzwa kwemvura uye kukanganisa kune mamwe mazai.

Mushure memazuva 14-16, mushure mezvo zvipuka zviduku zvekutanga zvinobuda kubva mazai. Paunenge uchisiya zai, fry ine gills chete, asi hapana mitezo. Makumbo ekumashure anoonekwa mukati mevhiki, makumbo epamberi mumwedzi 3-4.

Kwevhiki imwe chete vanodya nerubatsiro rwe yolk sac, gare gare vachishandura kune zvokudya - "marara guruva", uye gare gare kune daphnia duku, cyclops. Zvakakosha kuti urege kudyisa vana, asiwo kudya zvakakwana kuitira kuti vakure uye vakure zvakanaka. Axolotls akakura zvishoma nezvishoma anotanga kupa chikafu chakafanana nevakuru, akacheka kuitira kuti azvimedze. Izvo zvinodikanwa kugara uchigadzika fry sezvavanokura, sezvo cannibalism inowanzoitika.

Nezvakakwana zvemukati, chipfuyo chakadaro chisina kujairika, iyo axolotl, ichakufadza iwe nehutano uye inonakidza maitiro kwemakore 10-15.