Kenza mumbwa: zviratidzo zve oncology uye kurapwa

Zvimiro zvegomarara

Mamota (neoplasms) haasi kenza. Vane mutsa uye vakashata.

Benign tumors haikonzeri kukuvadza kwakawanda kumuviri, inokura zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvishoma, uye haina metastasize kune dzimwe nhengo.

Marignant tumors ane hasha uye akaungana anonzi cancer kana neoplasia. Iwo anokura nekukurumidza, anokanganisa matishu ari padyo, uye anosiya nyore mamwe masero awo. Nekuyerera kweropa, vanotakurwa nemuviri wese, zvichikonzera metastases mune dzimwe nhengo, uye pasina kurapwa, muviri unofa.

Mu embryogenesis (iyo nzira yekukura kwe embryo), masero ose akafanana, uye obva asiyanisa (kuparadzanisa) pakarepo paanoenda kune imwe nhengo yaidiwa kana nzvimbo yekukura, kugamuchira basa ravo uye kuita basa renhengo - chiropa, itsvo, tsinga, tsandanyama, mwoyo, zvichingodaro.

Kana chirwere ichi chikaitika, masero anowedzera zvisina kukwana: nenzira iyo sero harina kukura kusvika pakukura, uye imbwa inokura bundu kubva muhuwandu hwemasero aya asina kukura.

Chimiro chegomarara chinoenderana nerudzi rwesero rinokundikana.

Chero sero rakajairwa mune chero nhengo rinogona kuzvarwa patsva musero regomarara mune mamwe mamiriro.

Chiropa Cancer muImbwa

Kazhinji kacho, mamota echiropa ane benign, zvisinei, kunewo kenza muimbwa, inowanikwa munharaunda iyi. Hepatocellular carcinoma ibundu rinobva kuhepatocytes pacharo, rudzi rune hasha zvikuru, sezvo rinogona kukanganisa nzvimbo yese yenhengo uye parenchyma (ma cell elements akanyanya kunhengo imwe neimwe). Haina kuroorwa uye yakakura. Kana kuti pangava nemamota madiki akawanda akapararira muchiropa.

Chiropa ndicho chisefa chikuru chemuviri, uye ropa rose rinopfuura nemairi kuti richeneswe, ndicho chikonzero masero ekenza anopinda muropa nekukurumidza uye nyore nyore kutora midzi panhengo iyi.

Kanzera reganda

Kenza yeganda inonyanya kutaurwa mumbwa ndeye adenocarcinoma. Kune masero egland muganda, uye paanochinja, adenocarcinoma inokura. Aya madiki madiki matinji pamuviri anosimudza ganda kumusoro, kazhinji anobuda ropa rakawanda, anoshandura chimiro uye anokura muhukobvu hwemhasuru.

Mukuwedzera, squamous cell carcinomas (melanomas) uye histiocytomas zvinogona kuitika. Melanoma inoratidzika seyakasviba stalk wart, inoratidzwa nekukura nekukurumidza uye metastasis. Histiocytomas mamota ane hunhu hwevechidiki. Paganda, rinoratidzika seronda, pasi payo uwandu hwebundu pachahwo hunokura muhupamhi hweganda. Uku ndiko kuumbwa kwakanaka kusingakonzeri njodzi yakakomba kune hutano hwembwa. .

Kenza yemapapu muImbwa

Neoplasias (neoplasms) mumapapu inogona kuva chirwere chakazvimirira, asi chisingawanzoitiki. Vanokanganisa nebronchopneumonia uye vanorapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, iyo isingatungamiri kune mhedzisiro yakanaka. Kenza yemapapu yekutanga muimbwa inogona kukura kubva kubronchial epithelial masero kana masero ealveoli ivo pachavo.

Iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa metastases yemapapu mumbwa inobva kune dzimwe neoplasias mumuviri. Nekuyerera kwelymph, masero emudumbu anopinda mumapapu uye anotanga kukura, achikanganisa matishu ari pedyo, nekuda kwekuti mhuka haigone kufema semhedzisiro.

gomarara remuura

Gomarara remudumbu muimbwa rinowanzoita semhete yakatenderedza imwe nzvimbo yedumbu hombe kana diki, ichideredza lumen yaro uye kuita kuti zviome kuti chikafu netsvina ipfuure nemairi. Nokudaro, zviratidzo zvakananga zvekenza yemukumbo mumbwa zvinoonekwa: kurutsa, kurwadziwa, kusagadzikana kusingaperi.

Mufananidzo wekiriniki wechirwere wakafanana nekukura kwekudzivirira kwematumbo. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa, pasinei nerudzi, lymphosarcoma. Nekudaro, varume vechiGerman Shepherds, Boxers uye Collies vanotarisirwa kugadzira adenocarcinomas.

kenza yemudumbu yembwa

Chirwere chegomarara mumbwa, maererano nekutsvakurudza kwemazuva ano, hazviwanzoitiki. Iyo haipfuure 1% yemamota akasangana nawo. Kana, zvisinei, bundu remudumbu rinowanikwa mumhuka, saka inowanzova adenocarcinoma kana lymphoma. Zviratidzo zvechirwere zvakafanana neye gastritis. Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa kwavari ndeyemhando dzakadai sechow-chow, bull terriers, collies, staffordshire terriers. Chirwere ichi chinowanikwa mumbwa dzakura.

Uterine Cancer muImbwa

Chirwere chegomarara chinokura semugumisiro wekuvhiringidzika kwehomoni, maitiro asingagumi ekuputira muchibereko, kubereka kusingadzorwi mumbwa, pamuviri wenhema, ovarian cysts. Kune sarcomas uye fibrosarcoma muchibereko. Mabheti ese asina kuberekwa anofanorongerwa muhafu yechipiri yehupenyu.

Kukurudzira kukura kwebundu kunogona kutora mishonga yehomoni kana utachiona nehutachiona. Semuenzaniso, venereal sarcoma inonyanya kukanganisa vulva uye chibereko, uye utachiona hunoitika kuburikidza nekubatana neimwe nhengo yepabonde ine utachiona - panguva yekubatana. Iyo dzimwe nguva inogona kukanganisa mhino, miromo, uye maziso kana imbwa yakafembedza kana kunanzva vulva ine utachiona. Mhando yegomarara remhando iyi ine hutachiona.

Kenza yeropa

Leukemia chirwere cheropa chakakomba chiri cheboka regomarara. Inochinja muropa uye lymph masero, bone marrow. Masero ekudzivirira anotenderera muropa - lymphocytes, iyo inorwisa mavhairasi uye mabhakitiriya akasangana munzira yemuviri. Somugumisiro wekenza yeropa, masero aya haagadziriswi, uye muviri wemhuka unova usina dziviriro panjodzi ipi neipi inobva kunze.

Zviratidzo zvekenza yeropa mumbwa ndeyekusafarira, kuneta, kurasikirwa kwechido. Kazhinji pane kuwedzera kwema-lymph nodes, ipapo kukundikana kwenhengo dzakawanda (kushungurudzika kwemuviri) kunokura, mucous membranes inoshanduka yero, anemia uye kubuda ropa dzimwe nguva kunocherechedzwa.

kenza yebonde

Gomarara repazamu mumbwa ndiyo inonyanyozivikanwa nechirwere ichi. Kashoma kuonekwa muvarume, asi inowanikwa muvakadzi vasina sterilized. Haina fungidziro yerudzi, inowanzoonekwa muvanhu vakuru. Mhando dzakajairika dzesarcoma uye carcinomas. Chekutanga, kuumbwa kudiki kwakaomeswa kunonzwika muimbwa mammary gland, inokura zvishoma nezvishoma uye inogona kupararira kune yakavakidzana mapakeji emazamu ezamu. Inenge hafu yezviitiko zve neoplasia mumbwa dzinopararira kumapapu.

Chirwere cheprostate

Chirwere cheCanine prostate chinoitika muvarume vasina kuchekwa vane makore 7 okuberekwa. Nyoresa kazhinji adenocarcinoma - bundu rinoenderana nehomoni. Kwenguva yakareba, kenza haina zviratidzo uye inomira kumapfupa, mapapu, uye lymph nodes. Kazhinji, kuchinja kweprostate gland kunoonekwa nemukana uye atova mumatanho ekupedzisira, apo imbwa haichakwanisi kubatsirwa.

kenza dundira

Transitional cell bundu redundira rinokura kubva muchikamu chedundira, richikanganisa mutsipa wayo uye urethra. Muvarume, prostate gland inowanzobatwa. Iyo bundu inovhara urethra, ichitadzisa kubuda kweweti, zvichikonzera kunonoka kwayo kwakanyanya, ropa rinoonekwa muweti.

MaScottish Terriers anotarirwa negomarara redundiro. Iri imhando yehukasha yebundu rinokura nekukurumidza uye richikanganisa nyama dzakatenderedza.

Kenza yeropa

Kenza yemapfupa inowanzobata mapfupa iwayo anotakura mutoro mukuru munguva yehupenyu - hudyu, ibvi, pelvis, pfudzi, tibia.

Izvo zvese zvinotanga nekuremara uye kurwadza munzvimbo yakabatwa. Kuzvimba kunowanzoitika, uye ganda panzvimbo yebundu rinogona kunge rakatsvuka uye rine maronda. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye osteosarcoma. Sezvo kenza inofambira mberi, pfupa "rinonyunguduka".

Zviratidzo zvegomarara mumbwa

Muchikamu chekutanga chegomarara, panogona kunge paine general malaise. Imbwa inofamba zvishoma, kudya kunoderera, uye zviratidzo zvechirwere chedumbu zvinogona kuonekwa. Kana bundu riri pamusoro pemuviri, paganda, mhasuru kana mucous membranes, ipapo chisimbiso chinooneka chichaonekwa.

Sezvo danho rinofambira mberi, zviratidzo zvegomarara zvichafambirawo mberi.

Gomarara rakagochwa mumatanho ekutanga ichazviratidza seyakajairwa malaise, kudya kunoderera, kunaka kwemvere dzemakwai kuchaderera, ruvara uye kusagadzikana kwetsvina kunogona kuchinja, uye chiropa chichawedzera muhukuru. Nekufambira mberi kwekenza, zviratidzo zvichawedzerawo: iyo mucous membrane uye ganda richashanduka yero mumhuka, ascites (mudumbu kudonha), kupfupika kwekufema, uye kurwadziwa kuchaonekwa. Muchikamu chepamusoro, kurutsa kusingadzoreki kwe bile kunogona kuitika.

Kanzera reganda inotanga kuzviratidza nenzira yezvisimbiso zviduku paganda kana muganda, zvishoma nezvishoma maronda uye maronda asingapore anoonekwa pavari. Mhuka yacho haina zvichemo pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu kusvika padanho rekupedzisira rekenza, kusvikira metastases ichionekwa munhengo dzomukati.

Kanza yemaperembudzi pakutanga yakavharwa sezviratidzo zvebronchitis. Imbwa inokosora, inoneta nekukurumidza, kupfupika kwekufema kunowanzoitika. Mumatanho anotevera, pakukosora, ropa rinogona kusunungurwa, mvura inoungana muchipfuva, uye zvakaoma uye zvinorwadza kuti imbwa ifeme.

Gomarara remudumbu nemudumbu chekutanga, inoratidzwa nekutyorwa kwechituru, manyoka emhando dzakasiyana uye kurutsa. Sezvo danho rinowedzera, pachava nemanyoka anoramba achienderera mberi, kuderedza uremu, uye kuzvimba lymph nodes.

Uterine cancer yanga iri asymptomatic kwenguva yakareba. Inogona kukonzera kuvhiringidzika mukugara kweestrus, kusingaperi kuzvimba muchibereko uye, semugumisiro, kubuda kwechikadzi.

kenza yebonde ane zviratidzo zvakafanana, asi muridzi anogonawo kuwana mapundu mumazamu ezamu, ayo anozopedzisira akura, kuputika uye kubuda urwa neropa.

Gomarara reropa - imwe yemhando dzakaoma dzekenza, sezvo, chaizvoizvo, muviri wose unorwara, uye zviratidzo zvinogona kunge zvakasiyana zvachose. Chinonyanya kuzivikanwa ifivha pasina chikonzero, anemia, kuzvimba lymph nodes, general malaise.

Chirwere cheprostate uye Chikafu vane zviratidzo zvakafanana - kuoma weti, ropa muweti, kurwadziwa, kuchengetedza weti inogona kukura.

Kenza yeropa inoratidzwa neasymmetry yefupa munzvimbo yakakanganiswa, kurwadziwa, kuremara, kana ikakura pamakumbo.

Zvinokonzera chirwere

Sezvatakatoona, chinokonzera kenza ndeyekuchinja kwesero, semhedzisiro iyo inotanga kupatsanurwa uye kukanganisa zvisingadzoreki.

Nekudaro, kune predisposing zvikonzero zvegomarara mumbwa.

Gomarara chirwere chekuchembera. Sezvo muviri uchikura, nzira dzekudzivirira dzinoona uye kubvisa masero akadaro anoshanduka anova mashoma kushanda. Iyi njodzi yakawedzera yekuva negomarara nezera yakanyorwa mumishonga yevanhu uye yemhuka.

Chimwe chinhu chinokonzeresa kukuvadzwa kwemajini kusangana necarcinogens (zvakatipoteredza zvinhu), mavhairasi, pamwe nezvinhu zvemuviri zvakaita semwaranzi yeUV, inogona kuve nekuwedzera.

Kukundikana kweHormonal kunowanzoita kuti pave nekuumbwa kwehomoni-dependent tumors - munhengo dzepabonde, mumatumbu anobudisa mahomoni.

Pane dzidziso dzinoti kushomeka kwenguva refu kweokisijeni - hypoxia - inogona kumutsa shanduko mumaseru. Neropa, okisijeni inounzwa kune imwe sero, kana nekuda kwechimwe chikonzero isina kukwana, masero anotambura, anofa kana kuchinja.

Kunewo dzidziso pamusoro pemageneti. Gomarara rinogarwa nhaka, asi havasi vose vanogarwa nhaka vanofambira mberi.

Hapana chikonzero chakajeka chegomarara, dzidziso dzakawanda dziri kugadzirwa nemasayendisiti, uye ese ane nzvimbo yekuve.

Nekudaro, zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti hupenyu husina kunaka, chikafu chisina kunaka, chikafu chisina kunaka, kurwara nguva nenguva, zvirwere zvisingaperi, kushomeka kwemuviri uye kushaikwa kwekudzora kubereka zvinokonzeresa, zvinokonzeresa zvikonzero zvekukura kwegomarara.

Matanho echirwere

Matanho ekukura kwebundu mumbwa ane mwero wechikamu. Inoshandiswa muvanhu, makati uye marudzi ose embwa, pasinei nerudzi rwechirwere.

1. Dzidzo yepuraimari inooneka. Izvo hazvikanganise matishu akatenderedza uye inongotanga kuwana bundu hukuru. Kana bundu rawanikwa panguva ino, chipfuyo chichaita kupora kuzere nekurapwa kwakakodzera.
2. Active kukura uye metastasis inotanga mumalymph nodes ari pedyo. Kufungidzira panguva ino kunowedzera kuipa.
3. Kukundwa kwe lymph nodes kunowedzera, asi dzimwe nhengo hadzina kukanganiswa. Panguva ino, kupora zvakakwana kwembwa hazvibviri, uye kufungidzira kunova kungwarira zvikuru.
4. Iyo yekupedzisira nhanho - iyo yekutanga kuumbwa inokanganisa zvachose nhengo huru, metastases inoonekwa mune dzimwe nhengo. Iko hakuna kurapwa panguva ino, uye kufungidzira kunopiwa chete kwehupenyu hunotarisirwa.

Diagnostics

Kuti uone iyo oncology mumbwa, zvinotanga kudikanwa kuitisa kuongororwa kwechipfuwo. Chiremba wemhuka anonyatsoongorora ganda uye mucous membranes, palpates nhengo dzomukati, anoongorora physiological parameters. Kazhinji, padanho rino, chiremba anoona zviratidzo bundu, saka unogona kuona kenza yeganda, chibereko, zamu, prostate, pfupa.

Zvadaro, kuongorora kwakazara (kuongororwa kwakazara) kwemuviri kunoitwa. Ita ongororo yeropa kuti uongorore kushanda kwenhengo, nhamba yemasero machena uye matsvuku eropa mumurwere. Izvi zvicharatidza zviratidzo zvisina kunanga izvo zvinokutendera iwe kufungidzira kuvepo matenga egomarara. Ongororo ye ultrasound yemudumbu yemudumbu inoitwa kuti ione nzvimbo yebundu uye kubatana kwayo (kune nhengo ipi yakanamirwa) uye kuvepo kwemasastases kunoongororwa. Tsvagiridzo ichakubatsira iwe kuwana bundu rechiropa, ura, dumbu, chibereko, dundira, prostate. Chifuva x-ray inoitwa kuti iongorore mamiriro emapapu, kuona maronda akatarisana uye metastases.

Kana bundu racho riri mumalymph nodes, musana kana uropi, kana kana iri duku zvikuru, ipapo CT uye MRI zvichabatsira kuona.

Mushure mokunge bundu rawanikwa, rudzi rwayo runofanira kugadziriswa. Kunyatsotsunga kwerudzi rwebundu mune chero rudzi rwegomarara kunobvumira diagnostic aspiration biopsy (DBA), core tsono biopsy (TIB), trepanobiopsy uye yakavhurika (kuvhiya) biopsy. Aya maedzo anogona kupa ruzivo nezve akapfava matishu tumors. Munguva yezvidzidzo izvi, bundu zvinhu zvinotorwa uchishandisa akakosha maturusi, zvino inodzidzwa pasi pe microscope kuona rudzi rwegomarara.

mabatiro

Gomarara mumbwa hausi mutongo werufu. Mhando dzakawanda dzegomarara dzinogona kurapwa zvinobudirira nekutarisirwa kwekurapa nenguva. Kurapa kunoshandisa musimboti wemultimodality, ndiko kuti, kushandisa nzira dzinoverengeka dzekurapa. Kazhinji, kana bundu rawanikwa, rinofanira kubviswa. Zvadaro, yakaoma chemotherapy yemasanganiswa akasiyana-siyana inotarwa, iyo inosarudzwa zvichienderana nenhanho uye rudzi rwekenza neoncologist.

Kenza yechiropa, ganda, matumbo, dumbu, chibereko, mammary glands, dundira kurapwa nekuvhiyiwa. Bundu rekutanga uye metastases yakakura inobviswa. Tevere, mhando yegomarara inotemerwa uye masesheni echemotherapy uye kuratidzwa kwemwaranzi anoitwa kuti aparadze madiki metastases uye asara ekenza maseru.

Kanza yemaperembudzi zvakaoma kurapa, vanoedza nguva dzose kubvisa chinangwa chikuru kana zvichibvira, asi kazhinji izvi hazvibviri, sezvo bundu riri muchipfuva rinokura nokukurumidza uye rinova rakaoma kuwana. Zvadaro chemotherapy inotanga kunyorwa kuitira kuderedza bundu muhukuru, uye kana zvichibvira, inobviswa. Ndizvo zvinoitikawo Kenza yeprotate.

Kenza yeropa inogona kurapwa chete nema punctures akasarudzwa echemotherapy uye nemwaranzi.

RџS•Rё gomarara repfupa kuputika kwepfupa kunoratidzwa - mitezo, shaya, miswe, nezvimwewo. Bvupa rakakanganiswa zvachose rinobviswa, chemotherapy ine hutsinye ichadzivirira kupararira kwekenza kune nhengo dzakavakidzana uye kuparadza metastases mu lymphatic system.

Mukuwedzera kune kurapa kukuru kwekurwisana nekenza, symptomatic therapy inorayirwa - painkillers, antiemetics, mishonga yekugadzirisa anemia, antibiotics. Zvose izvi zvakananga zvinoenderana nedanho iro kurapwa kwakatanga.

Imbwa dzine cancer dzinogara kwenguva yakareba sei

Kufungidzira kwehupenyu hwehupfuyo hwakananga zvinoenderana nedanho rekukura kwegomarara iro murwere akarapwa. Kana kupora kwakakwana kuchigoneka padanho rekutanga, uye imbwa ichararama hupenyu hurefu uye husina hanya, zvino nechikamu chimwe nechimwe chinotevera kufungidzira kunowedzera.

Avhareji yehupenyu hunotarisirwa paunenge uchitsvaga rubatsiro pamatanho 2-3 kubva pamwedzi mitatu kusvika kumakore matatu.

Padanho rechina, zvinosuruvarisa, hazvichagoneki kurapa cancer. Therapy inorayirwa kuderedza zviratidzo, kupa mazano ekutarisira chipfuwo. Upenyu hurefu munyaya iyi hunogona kubva pamazuva akawanda kusvika kumavhiki akati wandei. Kazhinji panguva ino zvinokurudzirwa kuita humane euthanasia (euthanasia) yemhuka, sezvo hupenyu hwehupenyu hwembwa yakadaro hwakaderera zvikuru.

dziviriro

Sezvo machinjiro mazhinji achifambiswa nemajini, zvakakosha kuti ungwarire kubereka uye kubvisa vanhu vese vane ngoro yegomarara.

Castration inogona kuderedza njodzi yekugadzira mamota anoenderana nehomoni.

Kurapa panguva yechirwere chero chipi zvacho, kusavapo kwezvirwere zvisingaperi kunoderedza njodzi ye oncology.

Usashandisa carcinogenic zvinhu mukudya, paunenge uchigeza kana kurapa imbwa. Usamupa mishonga yehomoni yemhando ipi zvayo pasina chiremba chechiremba.

Ita ongororo nguva dzose uye kuongorora.

Oncology muImbwa Zvinokosha

1. Oncology ndiyo yakaoma system yezvirwere zvinokonzerwa nekusagadzikana mukati mesero.
2. Mamwe marudzi egomarara anorangarirwa sehosha dzemajini, asi panguva imwe cheteyo, hadzigari dzakagarwa nhaka.
3. Oncology mumbwa inogona kuratidzwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana zviratidzo - kuderera kwechido, basa, kuchinja kwehutano hwejasi uye bumbiro. Zviratidzo zvakanangana nekukuvadzwa kweimwe nhengo zvinosanganisira kuremara negomarara remapfupa, ropa muweti negomarara redundiro, nezvimwe.
4. Mushonga mukuru webundu kubviswa nekuvhiya. Zvadaro, chemotherapy inoitwa kuparadza metastases uye kudzivirira kudzokorora (kudzokorora) kwekenza.
5. Kubudirira mukurapa oncology zvakananga kunoenderana nedanho rakatangwa.

Mhinduro kumibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa

Sources:

1. Carolyn J. Henry, Mary Lynn Higginbotham Cancer management mune diki mhuka tsika., 2010.
2. Shulga. ES, Tatarnikova NN, Chiremba weVeterinary Sayenzi, Purofesa, Preliminary Non-Invasive Biopsy muDiki Animal Oncology. Journal "Izvestia" Nhamba 5 (73) 2018