General uye biochemical ropa bvunzo mumbwa: deciphering the indicators
Mukati
Mhando dzekuongororwa ropa mumbwa
Kune marudzi akawanda ekuedzwa uye kuverengwa kweropa mumbwa, tichakurukura zvakakosha kwavari: general clinical analysis (CCA) uye biochemical blood test (BC). Murapi ane ruzivo, nekuenzanisa nhoroondo uye mhedzisiro yekuyedzwa, anogona kuona kuti ndeipi nzira yekusarudza mukuongororwa uye nekubatsira murwere.
General analysis
Ropa rakazara mumbwa richaratidza zviratidzo zvehutachiona, kusimba kwechirwere chekuputika, anemic mamiriro uye zvimwe zvisizvo.
Zvinhu zvikuru:
Hematocrit (Ht) - chikamu chemasero matsvuku eropa maererano nehuwandu hweropa. Iyo yakawanda masero matsvuku eropa muropa, iyo yakakwirira chiratidzo ichi chichava. Ichi ndicho chiratidzo chikuru cheanemia. Kuwedzera kwehematocrit kazhinji hakutakuri kukosha kwekiriniki, nepo kuderera kwayo chiratidzo chakaipa.
Hemoglobin (Hb) - protein complex iri mu erythrocytes uye inosunga okisijeni. Kufanana nehematocrit, inobata basa guru mukuongororwa kweanemia. Kuwedzera kwayo kunogona kuratidza kushomeka kweokisijeni.
Masero matsvuku eropa (RBC) - masero matsvuku eropa ane basa rekutakura okisijeni nezvimwe zvinhu uye ndiro boka rakawanda kwazvo remasero eropa. Nhamba yavo inowirirana zvakanyanya ne hemoglobin index uye ine zvakafanana kliniki kukosha.
Leukocytes (WBC) - masero machena eropa ane basa rekudzivirira, kurwisa zvirwere. Boka iri rinosanganisira akati wandei emhando dzemasero ane mabasa akasiyana. Chiyero chemhando dzakasiyana dzeleukocyte kune mumwe nemumwe inonzi leukogram uye yakakosha kuchipatara mumbwa.
Neutrophils - inofamba zvikuru, inokwanisa kupfuura nepakati pezvipingamupinyi zvenyama, inobva muropa uye inokwanisa kuita phagocytosis (kunwa) kwevatorwa vanobva kune dzimwe nyika semavhairasi, mabhakitiriya, protozoa. Kune 2 mapoka emaneutrophils. Kubaya - immature neutrophils, ichangopinda muropa. Kana nhamba yavo ichiwedzerwa, ipapo muviri unobata zvakasimba kune chirwere chacho, nepo hukuru hwezvikamu (zvakakura) mafomu eutrophils zvicharatidza chirwere chisingaperi chechirwere.
Eosinophils - boka duku remasero makuru, chinangwa chikuru chayo kurwisana nemaparasites akawanda. Kuwedzera kwavo nguva dzose kunoratidza kupindira kweparasitic. Zvisinei, mwero wavo wenguva dzose hazvirevi kuti chipfuyo chacho hachina utachiona.
Basophils - masero anokonzera allergic reaction uye kuchengetedza kwayo. Mune imbwa, basophils inowedzera kashoma, kusiyana nevanhu, kunyange kana paine allergies.
Monocytes - masero makuru anokwanisa kubva muropa uye kupinda mune chero chinangwa chekuputika. Ndivo chikamu chikuru chepus. Kuwedzera ne sepsis (mabhakitiriya anopinda muropa).
Lymphocytes - Inotarisirwa kune chaiyo immunity. Sezvo vasangana nehutachiona, "vanoyeuka" pathogen uye vanodzidza kurwisana nayo. Kuwedzera kwavo kucharatidza maitiro ehutachiona, vanogonawo kuwedzera neoncology. Kuderera kuchataura nezve immunosuppression, bone marrow zvirwere, mavhairasi.
Platelets - masero asiri-nyukireya, basa guru rekumisa kubuda ropa. Vachagara vachimuka nekurasikirwa kweropa, senzira yekubhadhara. Vanogona kuderedzwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zviviri: vangave vakarasika zvakanyanya (thrombotic chepfu, kurasikirwa kweropa, utachiona), kana kuti havana kuumbwa zvakakwana (tumor, mapfupa emapfupa, nezvimwewo). Asi kazhinji ivo havatarisirwe zvisizvo kana kuvharika kweropa kwakaumbwa muchubhu yebvunzo (research artifact).
Biochemical analysis
Iyo biochemistry yeropa rembwa ichabatsira kuona kana kuratidza zvirwere zvemitezo yega yega, asi kuti unyatso kutsanangura mhedzisiro, unofanirwa kunzwisisa hunhu hwechiratidzo chega chega.
Zvinhu zvikuru:
Albumen ipuroteni iri nyore, inonyungudika nemvura. Inobatanidzwa muhuwandu hukuru hwemaitiro, kubva kumasero ekudya kusvika kune kutakura mavitamini. Kuwedzera kwaro hakuna kukosha kwekliniki, asi kuderera kunogona kuratidza zvirwere zvakakomba neprotein kurasikirwa kana kukanganisa kwayo metabolism.
ALT (alanine aminotransferase) Ienzyme inowanikwa mumasero akawanda emuviri. Huwandu hwayo hukuru hunowanikwa mumasero echiropa, itsvo, moyo uye tsandanyama tsandanyama. Chiratidzo chinowedzera nezvirwere zvezvikamu izvi (kunyanya chiropa). Izvo zvinoitikawo mushure mekukuvara (nekuda kwekukuvara kwemhasuru) uye panguva yehemolysis (kuparadzwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa).
AST (aspartate aminotransferase) - enzyme, seAlT, iri muchiropa, mhasuru, myocardium, itsvo, masero matsvuku eropa, uye rusvingo rwemukati. Chiyero chayo chinenge chinogara chichienderana nehuwandu hweALT, asi mumyocarditis, chiyero cheAST chichave chakakwirira kudarika chikamu cheALT, sezvo AST inowanikwa muhuwandu hukuru mumyocardium.
Alpha amylase - enzyme inogadzirwa mupancreas (PZh), yekuparara kwemakhahydrates. Amylase, sechiratidzo, ine zvishoma kliniki kukosha. Inopinda muropa kubva ku duodenum, maererano, kuwedzera kwayo kunogona kusanganiswa nekuwedzera kwemukati wemukati kwete nezvirwere zvepancreas.
Bilirubin i pigment inowanikwa mu bile. Kuwedzera kwezvirwere zvehepatobiliary system. Nekuwedzera kwayo, iyo mucous membranes inotora hunhu icteric (icteric) mumvuri.
GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase) - enzyme inowanikwa mumasero echiropa, pancreas, mammary gland, spleen, matumbo, asi isingawaniki mumyocardium uye mhasuru. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwayo kucharatidza kukanganisa kune matishu mauri mairi.
Glucose - shuga iri nyore, inoshandiswa sechitubu chesimba. Kuchinja kwehuwandu hwayo muropa kuchanyanya kuratidza mamiriro emetabolism. Kushaikwa kunowanzobatanidzwa nekusakwana kwayo kudyiwa (panguva yenzara) kana kurasikirwa (chepfu, zvinodhaka). Kuwedzera kucharatidza zvirwere zvakakomba zvakadai seshuga, kutadza kwetsvo, nezvimwewo.
Creatinine iprotein breakdown product. Inobudiswa neitsvo, saka kana basa ravo rikavhiringidzika, richawedzera. Zvisinei, inogona kuwedzerwa nekushaya mvura, kukuvadzwa, kusachengeta nzara isati yaongororwa ropa.
Urea ndiyo yekupedzisira chigadzirwa chekuparara kweprotein. Urea inoumbwa muchiropa uye inobudiswa neitsvo. Kunowedzera nekukundwa kwenhengo idzi. Inoderera mukukundikana kwechiropa.
Alkaline phosphatase - enzyme iri mumasero echiropa, itsvo, matumbo, pancreas, placenta, mapfupa. Mune zvirwere zve gallbladder, alkaline phosphatase inenge inogara ichikwira. Asi inogonawo kuwedzerwa panguva yekuzvitakura, enteropathy, zvirwere zvemuromo wemuromo, panguva yekukura.
Mitemo yeropa parameters
In general analysis
Tafura yekududzira zvimiro zvezviratidzo zvekuongororwa kweropa mumbwa
| indekisi | Imbwa yakura, yakajairika | Puppy, zvakajairika |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 120-180 | 90-120 |
| Hematocrit (%) | 35-55 | 29-48 |
| Erythrocytes (miriyoni / µl) | 5.5-8.5 | 3.6-7.4 |
| Leukocyte (chiuru/µl) | 5.5-16 | 5.5-16 |
| Kubaya neutrophils (%) | 0-3 | 0-3 |
| Segmented neutrophils (%) | 60-70 | 60-70 |
| Monocytes (%) | 3-10 | 3-10 |
| Lymphocytes (%) | 12-30 | 12-30 |
| Platelets (chiuru/µl) | 140-480 | 140-480 |
Mukuongorora kwebiochemical
Zvimiro zvezviratidzi zvekuongororwa kweropa rebiochemical mumbwa
| indekisi | Imbwa yakura, yakajairika | Puppy, zvakajairika |
| Albumin (g/L) | 25-40 | 15-40 |
| GOLD (mayuniti/l) | 10-65 | 10-45 |
| AST (zvikamu/l) | 10-50 | 10-23 |
| Alpha-amylase (zvikamu/l) | 350-2000 | 350-2000 |
| Direct bilirubin Zvose bilirubin (μmol/L) | ||
| GGT (mayuniti/l) | ||
| Glucose (mmol/l) | 4.3-6.6 | 2.8-12 |
| Urea (mmol/l) | 3-9 | 3-9 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 33-136 | 33-136 |
| Alkaline phosphatase (u/l) | 10-80 | 70-520 |
| Calcium (mmol/l) | 2.25-2.7 | 2.1-3.4 |
| Phosphorus (mmol/l) | 1.01-1.96 | 1.2-3.6 |
Kutsauka muhuwandu hweropa
General analysis
Kududzira kuongororwa ropa mumbwa
| indekisi | Pamusoro pemaitiro | Pasi penguva dzose |
| Hemoglobin Hematocrit Erythrocytes | nemvura Hypoxia (zvirwere zvemapapu, mwoyo) Zvirwere zveBMC | Anemia yechirwere chisingaperi Chirwere chisingaperi chepfungwa Kupererwa neropa Hemolysis Iron Deficit Zvirwere zvemwongo Kutsanya kwenguva refu |
| leukocytes | Utachiona (utachiona, utachiona) kudya kwemazuva ano Kuberekwa General inflammatory process | Zvirwere (semuenzaniso, parvovirus enteritis) Kuzvidzivirira Zvirwere zvemwongo Bleeding |
| Neutrophils inobaya | Acute kuzvimba Hutachiona hutachiona | - |
| Neutrophils dzakakamurwa | Kuzvimba kusingaperi chirwere chisingaperi | Zvirwere zveKCM Kupererwa neropa Zvimwe zvirwere |
| Monocytes | Kurwara Tumor Mavanga | Zvirwere zveKCM kurasikirwa neropa Kuzvidzivirira |
| Vamarokore | zvirwere Tumors (kusanganisira lymphoma) | Zvirwere zveKCM kurasikirwa neropa Kuzvidzivirira Utachiona hutachiona |
| Platelets | Kurasikirwa neropa nguva pfupi yapfuura / kukuvara Zvirwere zveKCM nemvura | Kupererwa neropa Hemolytic zvinhu (chepfu, mamwe madhiragi) Zvirwere zveKCM Kutyora kwepre-analytics |
Biochemical analysis
Kududzira kuongororwa kweropa rebiochemical mumbwa
| indekisi | Pamusoro pemaitiro | Pasi penguva dzose |
| albumen | nemvura | Chiropa kusakundikana Enteropathy kana protein-kurasikirwa nenephropathy zvirwere Zvironda zveganda zvakanyanya (pyoderma, atopy, eczema) Kusakwana kudya kweprotein Effusions/edema Kupererwa neropa |
| ALT | Chiropa atrophy Pyridoxine kushomeka | Hepatopathy (neoplasia, hepatitis, chiropa lipidosis, nezvimwewo). Hypoxia Uturu chirwatata Kukuvara |
| AST | Chiropa atrophy Pyridoxine kushomeka | Hepatopathy Muchetura/kudhakwa Kushandisa corticosteroids Hypoxia gumo Hemolysis chirwatata |
| Alpha amylase | - | nemvura chirwatata Kidyo Enteropathies / kuputika kwematumbo Hepatopathies Kutora corticosteroids |
| Bilirubin | - | Hemolysis Zvirwere zvechiropa uye gallbladder |
| GGT kuwedzera | - | Zvirwere zvechiropa uye gallbladder |
| Glucose | Nzara Tumor Sepsis Chiropa kusakundikana Kunonoka kubata pamuviri | chirwere cheshuga Kuzvidya mwoyo/kutya Hepatocutaneous syndrome Hyperthyroidism Insulin kuramba (ine acromegaly, hyperadrenocorticism, nezvimwewo) |
| urea | Chiropa kusakundikana Kurasikirwa kweprotein Ascites Nzara | Kupera mvura mumuviri/hypovolemia/kuvhunduka Burns Renal kukundikana uye kumwe kukuvara kweitsvo Uturu |
| Creatinine | Kuberekwa Hyperthyroidism Cachexia | Kupera mvura mumuviri/hypovolemia Kidyo Heart failure Kudya kwakawanda kweprotein (kudya nyama) |
| Alkaline phosphatase | - | Zvirwere zvechiropa uye gallbladder Kurapa ne anticonvulsants chirwatata Vechidiki Zvirwere zvemazino Zvirwere zvemapfupa (resorption, fractures) Tumor |
Nzira yekugadzirira sei imbwa kune nzira?
Mutemo mukuru usati waongororwa ropa kutsungirira nzara.
Kune imbwa dzakura dzinorema kupfuura 10 kg, kutsanya kunofanira kuva maawa 8-10.
Zvakakwana kuti imbwa duku dzimire nzara kwemaawa 6-8, haigoni kufa nenzara kwenguva yakareba.
Kune vacheche kusvika kumwedzi mina, zvakakwana kuchengetedza kudya kune nzara kwemaawa 4-4.
Mvura isati yaongororwa haifaniri kuderedzwa.
Ropa rinotorwa sei?
Zvichienderana nemamiriro acho ezvinhu, chiremba anogona kutora kuongororwa kubva mutsinga yepamberi kana kumashure.
Kutanga, tourniquet inoshandiswa. Nzvimbo yejekiseni yetsono inobatwa nedoro, mushure mokunge ropa rinounganidzwa mumachubhu ekuedzwa.
Nzira yacho, kunyange isingafadzi, hairwadzi zvikuru. Mhuka dzinowanzotya tourniquet pane kubaya netsono. Basa revaridzi mumamiriro ezvinhu aya nderokudzikamisa chipfuwo zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, taura naye uye usatya iwe pachako, kana imbwa ichinzwa kuti iwe unotya, iye achatonyanya kutya.
Mhinduro kumibvunzo inowanzo bvunzwa
Gumiguru 6 2021
Yakavandudzwa: October 7, 2021
Ungazvidyawo Like
Rurimi rwebhuruu mumbwa
Meso embwa anofenda - nei uye sei kurapwa?
