Nzira yekuziva sei bonde rehutu: mukomana kana musikana?

Kamba dzemvura nedzepasi dzagara dzichifarirwa nemhuri dzakawanda. Kazhinji, panguva yekusarudza zita rezita, vanoda zvinokambaira vanotanga kushamisika kuti ndiani anogara navo: mukomana kana musikana? Pane akati wandei physiological zviratidzo izvo munhukadzi anogona kusiyaniswa kubva kumurume.

Nzira yekuziva sei bonde rekamba

Zvinokwanisika kunyatsoona bonde uye zera rekamba kumba chete mushure mekunge tuturu tudiki tasvika pakuyaruka. Pasi pemamiriro ekugara kwechisikigo, kuyaruka kunoitika pazera re6-8 makore. Turtles dzemumba dzinokura nekukurumidza, saka iwe unogona kutosiyanisa zvisina kunanga hunhu hwepabonde mune 2-5-makore-ekuzvarwa zvinokambaira zvine goko rehurefu hwe 9-11 cm. Usavimbe nevatengesi vasina kutendeseka vanowana kusiyana kwevakadzi muvacheche vadiki.

Kuwana zera chairo rechikara kunonetsa. Nguruve dzepanyika hadzina kuberekerwa, dzinobatwa kubva kwadzinogara dzichiunzwa kuRussia. Turtles-tsvuku-nzeve dzinoberekerwa muEurope, asi chiyero chekukura kwavo chinoenderana zvachose nemamiriro ekuvharirwa. Zvinenge zvisingabviri kunyatsoona zera rekamba kubva paurefu hwehoko, nhamba yezvindori zvegore negore, uye kuchinja kwemavara e scutes.

Zvinokambaira hazvina hunhu hwekunze hwepabonde, bonde rekamba rinotarirwa nechimiro chegoko, makuhwa, dumbu, muswe, cloaca. Mumamiriro ezvinhu ekiriniki yezvipfuyo, unogona kuziva bonde rekamba uchishandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekuongorora: ultrasound, x-rays, ma laboratory bvunzo dzekuongororwa ropa kwehomoni. Asi iwe haufanirwe kuisa kushushikana kusingakoshi pane chipfuwo chekunze, hazvina kuoma kuona bonde rekamba nekunyatsodzidza misiyano yekunze uye maitiro ehunhu hwevarume vakasiyana.

Zviratidzo zvikuru zvekutsunga zvepabonde mumakamba

Kuti uwane hutano hwechipfuwo, zvinokurudzirwa nhanho nhanho kuenzanisa mutsauko weanatomical muvanhu vakasiyana vezera rimwe chete uye mhando. Kuti unzwisise kuti turtle inogara sei mune terrarium kana aquarium, zvinokurudzirwa kutarisisa kune inotevera yechipiri hunhu hwepabonde.

Shell

Zvinokwanisika kusiyanisa turtle yemukomana kubva muhombe yemusikana muchimiro chehoko rine urefu hweanenge 10 cm; vasati vasvika pakukura kwepabonde, turtles dzose dzinoita sevakadzi. Mukadzi anofanira kubereka mazai evana venguva yemberi, zvichiteerana, goko rake rakakura uye rakakura kupfuura remurume wezera rimwe chete. Vanhu vechirume vanosiyaniswa neyakamanikana uye yakarebesa chimiro chekudzivirira "zvombo".

Chestplate

Iyo plastron ndiyo yepasi pegoko, iyo vazhinji vane reptile vanodaidza se "dumbu". Kuti udzidze zvakadzama misiyano mudumbu rezvinokambaira, zvinodikanwa kuisa vanhu vaviri kumisana yavo. Turtles haadi chaizvo kuva munzvimbo yakafanana uye edza kuruma mutadzi, saka, nenzira iyi yekusarudza zvepabonde, zvakakosha kuchengeta zvidziviriro zvakanyanya sezvinobvira. Iwe unogona kunzwisisa kana turtle inogara pamba, murume kana mukadzi, nechimiro cheplastron. Zvisikwa zvakagadzira muzvinokambaira misiyano yepabonde inodiwa pakubereka. Iyo plastron muvasikana ine nzvimbo yakati sandara, nepo muvakomana iri concave, nekuda kwekuti murume anobatwa pamuviri wemukadzi panguva yekusangana.

Izvo zvakakodzerawo kubhadhara kune chimiro chekuseri kwedumbu remhuka. Vakadzi vanosiyaniswa nechimiro chakatenderedzwa cheplastron, varume vane hunhu hwematatu matatu muchikamu chezasi, izvo zvinodiwa kuchengetedza muswe panguva yekusangana. Iyi notch inonyanya kutaurwa mune marsh turtles.

zera

Kusiyanisa hutano hwehutu hwepamba hunogona kuve hwakananga muhukuru hwegoko. Vacheche vanenge vakaenzana kureba uye kureba kwemuviri pazera diki, asi mushure mekutanga kuyaruka, vakadzi vanotanga kukura zvakanyanya. Zviri nyore kuona hadzi kana uchienzanisa turtles akura evarume nevakadzi; murume akatarisana nekumashure kwemukadzi anotaridzika zvakanyanya compact uye diki.

Iyi nzira haina kukodzera kugadzwa kwepabonde mumhuka dzesango, rume Galapagos, South African beak-breasted, gwenga, bhokisi, bog uye yellow matope turtles akakura kupfuura vakadzi vemarudzi avo.

Muswe

Hazvina kuoma kuziva bonde rekamba nemuswe wayo kana zvichikwanisika kuenzanisa panguva imwe chete vanhu vakati wandei vezvinokambaira. Kamba dzine mboro mumuswe, saka vakomana vanosiyana nevasikana muswe wakareba une hwaro hwakafara. Mumuswe wehadzi pane maoviducts, hadzi dzine muswe unoyevedza mupfupi uye mukobvu une hwaro hutete. Dzimwe nguva panguva yekugeza, kubuda ura, kana kuti kubata-bata kumusana kwemuviri, varume vanobudisa mboro yavo yakanaka, yakafanana neruva reruva, kubva kumuswe. Kana ukaibata neruoko rwako, nhengo yacho inodonha pakarepo uye inovanda shure. Kana chiratidzo ichi chikawanikwa, muridzi wacho haazove nekusava nechokwadi pamusoro pehutano hwechipfuwo chake.

Sewer

Iwe unogonawo kutarisa hutano hwehutu nechimiro che cloaca - chikamu chekupedzisira chekuwedzera che hindgut, chinowanikwa mune zvose zvinokambaira, amphibians, shiri uye mamwe marudzi ehove nemhuka dzinoyamwisa. Zvisikwa zvakapa mubairo weturtles dzechikadzi nechimiro chakanaka checloaca muchimiro cheasterisk, iri padyo nechepazasi pemuswe mupfupi. Vanhurume vanosiyana muchimiro chechikamu chekupedzisira chedumbu, chakafanana nemutsara wakareba, uye munzvimbo yayo, cloaca muvarume iri muchikamu chetatu chemuswe wakareba.

Claws

Kutsunga kwehupombwe hwehutu hutsvuku hunogadzirwawo nechimiro chemakumbo epamberi. Kamba dzechirume dzemvura yakachena dzine nzwara refu dzine simba kubata hono padeko rehadzi pakusangana. Ichi chimiro chinoratidzika kune mazhinji echirume emvura yakachena uye yemugungwa zvinokambaira. Asi kunze kweizvi, zvisikwa zvakapa vakadzi vekamba huru dzeAfrica dzine nzara refu pamakumbo avo eshure, iyo inoshandiswa nevanhukadzi vakura pabonde pakukandira mazai.

Mhino chimiro

Vakomana vane nzeve dzvuku vane mhuno yakatsvinda uye yakanongedza kupfuura vasikana verudzi rumwe chete. Mukuwedzera, zvepabonde zvinogona kugadziriswa nezwi remutsara mutsvuku shure kwemaziso emvura yakachena inokambaira. Pakusvika pakuyaruka muvarume, mutsara welongitudinal unowana ruvara rutsvuku rwakajeka kana uchienzaniswa nemumvuri wakajeka mumadzimai emhando iyi.

Hip spurs

Zvisikwa zvakapa turtles yenyika nemusiyano wepabonde - kuvapo kwekukura kukuru kweganda pazvidya zvemakumbo emashure. Hip spurs anowanikwa chete muhurume kamba.

Ruvara rwemaziso

Rudzi rweziso hachisi chiratidzo chakarurama chekusiyana kwepabonde kwezvinokambaira. Turtles dzechikadzi dzine maziso eyero, vakomana vane maziso ebrown, hadzi Caroline box turtles dzine maziso ebrown, uye varume vane maziso matsvuku. Iyi ficha inogona kushandiswa mukuenzanisa kwakaunganidzwa kwemamwe misiyano yeanatomical yevanhu vanoita zvepabonde.

Maitiro

Zvinoenderana nemaitiro ezvipfuyo zvekunze, kunyanya panguva yekuyaruka, vakomana nevasikana vanosiyaniswa mumhando dzese dzezvinokambaira. Vakadzi kazhinji vane hunhu hwakadzikama hwekunyara, varume vanozivikanwa nekukasira, kutamba vachitamba uye kupfimba musikana wavanoda. Kana varume vanoverengeka vane chinhu chimwe chete chekufarira, vanogona kutanga hondo dzine ropa, dzizere nekukuvara kwakakomba.

Iyo systematization yedata yakawanikwa nekuenzanisa ese maitiro ezvepabonde anoita kuti zvikwanise kupotsa zvisingaite kusiyanisa musikana turtle kubva kumukomana mukukura. Zvose zvinokambaira zvechikadzi nehono zvinogara uye zvinonakidzwa nazvo kwenguva yakareba.