Kholmogory rudzi rwemhou: tsananguro, mukaka uye kugadzirwa kwenyama, geography yekugovera

Mhou dzeKholmogory ndidzo dzekare dzemukaka. Apo yakabviswa, kusimbiswa kwakaiswa pahuwandu hwemukaka wakagamuchirwa, pamwe chete nekuwedzera kwemafuta ayo.

Zvinotendwa kuti kuonekwa kwerudzi rweKholmogory kunotanga muzana remakore rechigumi nemanomwe. Zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvinotaura nezvedunhu reDvina, riri munharaunda yezvino Arkhangelsk nharaunda. Ikoko, kuchamhembe kwenyika yeRussia, kufudza mhuka kwaishingaira kukura muhafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechigumi nematanhatu.

Arkhangelsk yaive imwe yezviteshi zvikuru zvekutengeserana kwenyika, iyo yakatorawo chikamu mukutengeserana kwenyika. Kubudikidza naikoko kwakanga kune bhizimisi rinoshingaira munyama, mukaka, uyewo mombe mhenyu. Zvinokosha zvakabatsira mukusimudzirwa kwekuchengeta mhuka mudunhu. Bani rine mafashamo reRwizi rweDvina rekuNorthern Dvina rakanga rakapfuma mumafuro emvura, uye mombe dzaifura pariri. Muchando, mombe dzaiwana uswa hwakawanda. Panguva iyoyo, ruvara rwemombe dzeko rwakakamurwa kuva mavara matatu:

• nhema;
• chena;
• dema nechena.

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechigumi nemasere, mombe nhema-uye-chena dzakaunzwa kubva kuHolland. Yaifanira kuyambuka nerudzi rweKholmogory, asi izvi hazvina kuita zvakakosha pahunhu hwemhuka. Pakati pegumi nemasere kusvika pakupera kwemazana emakore gumi nemapfumbamwe zvipfuyo kubva kuHolland zvakaunzwa zvakare kudunhu iri, pakati pavo paiva nenzombe dzinopfuura makumi mashanu.

Imwezve kuedza kushandura maitiro erudzi yakaitwa kare muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Kubva muna 1936 kusvika muna 1937, mune mamwe mapurazi, vakaedza kuyambuka mhou dzeKholmogory neOstfriz. Chinangwa chekuyambuka chaive chekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwemukaka nekuvandudza kunze. Zvisinei, kuedza uku kwakakundikana nekuda kwekuderera kwemafuta emukaka.

Mumakore makumi masere, kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakasiyana, nzombe dzerudzi rweHolstein dzakashandiswa, vane nyika yokumusha zvakare Holland. Panguva imwecheteyo, marudzi e intrabreed akaberekerwa kumatunhu akasiyana enyika:

• Pakati - nechepakati peRussia;
• Kumaodzanyemba - kunharaunda yeArkhangelsk;
• Pechorsky - yeKomi Republic.

Pakuvamba kwa1985, kwakanga kune vakuru vanopfuura mamiriyoni 2,2 munyika. Pakutanga kwa1999, nhamba yeKholmogory misoro yakawedzera kusvika pamamiriyoni 2,4. Nekuda kweizvozvo, rudzi rweKholmogory rwakaita 8,7% yehuwandu hwemombe dzemukaka munyika. Hunhu hwehuwandu uhu hwakatendera kuti rudzi urwu rutore nzvimbo yechina pakati pezvimwe maererano nehuwandu hwezvipfuyo.

Mhou dzeKholmogory dzakashandiswa kubereka Istobenskaya uye Tagilskaya.

tsananguro

Zviyero zvekunze uye pakati pemhou

Mhou dzerudzi rweKholmogory dzakagamuchira dema-ne-white ruvara. Mune zviduku zvishoma, dema, chena, uyewo ruvara rutsvuku zvakachengetedzwa. Pakati pemamwe marudzi muKholmogorskaya, munhu anogona kuona kukura kwakakwirira. Bumbiro remitemo yevamiririri varo rakasimba zvikuru. Muviri wemhou unowanzo kurebeswa, unogona kunzi yakati akona. Mutsara wemusana wemhuka, pamwe chete nemutsara wechiuno, wakaenzana. mombe iva nechipfuva chakadzika uye nhete, vane dova duku, risina kunyatsogadzirwa.

Ukuwo matako emombe akafara chose. Iyo sacrum yakasimudzwa zvishoma. Mhou idzi dzine mapfupa akasimba. Makumbo emhuka anowanzo kugadzirirwa zvakanaka, kunyange zvazvo pane zvisizvo.

Mhou dzine hukuru hwepakati, hunogona kunge hwakaita mukombe kana kuti denderedzwa. Mazamu akagadzirwa zvakaenzana, mazamu akaita cylindrical.

Mhou dzine mhasuru dzakakora. Ganda remhuka rakanyanya kutetepa uye elastic.

Izvo zvinozivikanwa kubva pane zvakaitika kuti mombe yakakura zvakakwana, iyo iyo Kholmogory rudzi, inosiyaniswa nekuumbwa kwemhando yepamusoro mukaka.

Zvinoenderana nedata data, avhareji zviyero zvemhou dzerudzi rweKholmogory ndeidzi:

• kureba pakusvava - kusvika 135 cm;
• kudzika kwechipfuva - kusvika 72 cm;
• kureba kwemuviri - kusvika 162 cm;
• chipfuva girth - kusvika 198 cm;
• wrist range - kusvika 20 cm.

Dairy uye kugadzirwa kwenyama

Mhou dzerudzi rweKholmogory kudada nekugadzirwa kwemukaka kwakanyanya panguva yekuyamwisa, iyo inosvika 3500 kg. Panguva imwecheteyo, mafuta emukaka ari paavhareji 3,6 - 3,7%.

Huremu hwepakati hwemhou yakakura i480 kg. Vamiririri vakanakisisa vemombe vanogona kuzvirumbidza huremu hunosvika 550 kg.

Ivhareji yehuremu hwenzombe yerudzi rweKholmogory inenge 900 kg, uye mune dzimwe nguva uremu hunogona kudarika 1200 kg.

Chibereko chekuuraya, maererano nehuwandu, ndeye 53%, uye nekuwedzera kwehutano hwemafuta, inogona kusvika 65%.

Kukura kwechidiki kunozvarwawo kwakakura. Huremu hwetsiru hunogona kusvika 35 kg, uye nzombe - kusvika 39 kg.

Kukurumidza kukura kunowanzoonekwa sokunogutsa. Saka vanhu vane mwedzi 18 vanowanzorema anenge 350 kg.

Zviratidzo zvakadaro zveunhu hwenyama zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kurongedza mhando yeKholmogory yemombe kwete semukaka chete, asiwo semukaka uye nyama. Nekukodzwa kwakafanira kwenzombe, goho rekuuraya negore nehafu rinopfuura hafu yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemhuka.

nzvimbo dzekuberekesa

Sezvo yakaberekerwa kuchamhembe, rudzi rweKholmogory ikozvino rwakapararira munyika yose. Kuberekwa kwemombe dzeKholmogory kunomiririrwa zvakanyanya munharaunda ye24 matunhu uye marepublic enyika. Mhuka dzakanakisisa dzakakura munharaunda yeMoscow, Ryazan, Kalinin, Kaluga, Arkhangelsk, Kirov, Vologda, Kamchatka matunhu, muRepublic of Komi, Udmurtia, Yakutia, Tatarstan.

Hunhu hwakanaka

Pakati pezvakanakira rudzi rweKholmogory ndezvi:

• kugadzirwa kwemukaka kwakanyanya;
• kukwirira kuchinjika kuhupenyu mumamiriro ekunze akaoma;
• yakanaka acclimatization;
• kuwedzera kutsungirira;
• kupikisa kwakanyanya kune zvirwere zvinotyisa;
• kushanda zvakanaka mukushandisa mafuro.

payakaipira

Pakati pekukanganisa kwerudzi rweKholmogory mhou dzinogona kucherechedzwa kuderera kwemukaka nenyama mumatunhu ekumaodzanyemba. Mune zvimwe zvinyorwa, chifuva chakamanikana uye kusakwana kwakaringana kugadzika kwemakumbo kunoonekwa sechisina kunaka, asi pfungwa idzi dzinopokana.

Mamiriro azvino evanhu

Sarudzo irikuenderera mberi. Nzvimbo dzayo huru ndeidzi:

• kuwedzera mukugadzirwa kwemukaka;
• kuwedzera mumafuta emukaka;
• kuvandudzwa kwemuviri.

Panguva ino, rudzi rwemhou dzeKholmogory ine nzvimbo inokosha pakati pezvimwe zvinowanzoitika munharaunda yeRussia. Kukosha kwerudzi rwuri mukugadzirwa kwemukaka kwakanyanya, kuwedzera kwemafuta emukaka, pamwe nehunhu hwakanaka hwenyama.