Leptospirosis mu imbwa uye katsi

Chii chinonzi leptospirosis? Leptospirosis chirwere chakakomba chinotapukira chechimiro chebhakitiriya chinokonzerwa nebhakitiriya kubva kurudzi rweLeptospira, inhengo dzemhuri yeSpirochaetaceae. Mukuwedzera kune katsi nembwa, dzimwe mhuka dzomusango uye dzomusango dzinogonawo kurwara: mombe huru uye duku, mabhiza, nguruve, zvikara zvesango - mhumhi, makava, arctic foxes, minks, ferrets; makonzo - mbeva, makonzo, squirrels, lagomorphs, pamwe chete neshiri. Kuvanhu, chirwere ichi chine ngozi zvakare. Nzira dzehutachiona ne leptospirosis

• Nekusangana kwakananga nemhuka inorwara, nemate ayo, mukaka, ropa, weti uye zvimwe zvipenyu zvipenyu
• Kudya mhuka dzine utachiona kana kuti leptospira-carrying rodents 
• Kuburikidza nekusangana nehutachiona hunobva kumakonzo nemakonzo munzvimbo yemudhorobha
• Paunenge uchidya chikafu chine utachiona nemakonzo, kana uchidya nyama, offal uye mukaka wevanorwara kana kupora leptospiro-inotakura mhuka.
• Pakunwa mvura ine utachiona kubva mumadhamu akazaruka nemapuddles 
• Pakugeza imbwa mumadziva ane utachiona nemapuddles
• Pakuchera muvhu rakanyorova uye kutsenga midzi netsvimbo
• Kana imbwa dzichisangana ne leptospirosis
• Intrauterine nzira yehutachiona uye kuburikidza nemukaka kubva kuna amai kuenda kune vana
• Kuburikidza nezvikwekwe nekurumwa netumbuyu

Iyo pathogen inopinda mumuviri kunyanya kuburikidza ne mucous membranes yekugaya, kufema uye genitourinary system, pamwe neganda rakakuvadzwa. Iyo incubation nguva (nguva kubva pakutapukirwa kusvika pakuonekwa kwezviratidzo zvekiriniki yekutanga) avhareji kubva pamazuva maviri kusvika makumi maviri. Leptospira haigoni kupikisa kuchengetedzwa munzvimbo yekunze, asi muvhu rakanyorova uye miviri yemvura vanogona kurarama kusvika mazuva 130, uye mumamiriro echando vanogara kwemakore. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanonzwa nekuoma uye kupisa kwakanyanya: muvhu rakaoma mushure memaawa 2-3 vanorasikirwa nekukwanisa kwavo kubereka, muzuva rakananga vanofa mushure memaawa maviri, pakupisa kwe +2 vanofa mushure memaminitsi makumi matatu; pa +56 vanofa pakarepo. Inonzwa kune akawanda majekiseni uye maantibioti (kunyanya streptomycin). Nzvimbo yakanyanya kunaka yekuchengetedza leptospira kunze kwemuviri madhaka akanyorova, madziva, machakwi, nzizi dzinoyerera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye ivhu nyoro. Nzira yemvura yekutapurira hutachiona ndiyo huru uye inowanzoitika. Chirwere ichi chinowanzozviratidza mumwaka wekudziya, muzhizha nekutanga kwematsutso, kunyanya mumamiriro ekunze ane hunyoro, pamwe nekupisa, apo mhuka dzinowanzotonhora uye dzinodhakwa kubva mumadhamu akazaruka uye madhaka. Katsi dzinonyanya kutapukirwa nekubata nekudya makonzo (kazhinji makonzo), nzira yemvura yekutapukira mumakati haiwanike zvakanyanya nekuda kwechimbwamupengo chadzo uye kutora pakusarudza mvura yekunwa.

Zviratidzo uye mafomu echirwere

Muridzi wega wega anoziva kuti kana zviratidzo zvekutanga zvehurwere zvikaonekwa mukatsi kana imbwa, zvirinani iwe unofanirwa kufonera uye kubvunzana nachiremba wemhuka kana kuuya kuzosangana kumeso. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika kumapoka enjodzi: makati akasununguka, murindi, kuvhima, imbwa dzinofudza, kunyanya kana dzisina kubaiwa. Zviratidzo zvikuru zvekliniki zve leptospirosis mumbwa ndezvi:

• Kupisa kunowedzera
• Lethargy
• Kushaya kana kuderera kwechido, kuwedzera nyota
• Kuonekwa kwejaundice (kusviba kubva kune yakatsvuka yero kusvika kune yakasviba yero ye mucous membrane yemuromo, nasal cavity, vagina, pamwe neganda redumbu, perineum, mukati menzeve)
• Weti ine ropa kana ruvara rwebrown, weti ine makore
• Ropa rinowanikwa muchigaro uye marutsi, kubuda kweropa kunogona kuitika
• Hemorrhages pa mucous membranes uye ganda
• Marwadzo echiropa, itsvo, matumbu, 
• Hyperemic uye icteric nzvimbo dzinoonekwa pa mucous membranes yemuromo, gare gare - necrotic foci uye maronda.
• nemvura
• Neurological disorders, pfari
• Muzvikamu zvekupedzisira zvechirwere chakakomba chechirwere - kuderera kwekushisa, kuputika, chiropa uye kukanganisa kwetsvo, mhuka inowira mu coma yakadzika uye inofa. 

Mheni fomu. Chimiro chechirwere chechirwere chine nguva yemaawa maviri kusvika ku2. Chirwere chinotanga nekukurumidza kuwedzera kwekushisa kwemuviri, kuteverwa nekuora mwoyo kwakanyanya uye kushaya simba. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, varidzi vanocherechedza mune imbwa inorwara inomutsa, ichishanduka kuita mhirizhonga; Kupisa kwemuviri wembwa kwakanyanya kunotora maawa mashoma ekutanga ehurwere, uyezve kudonha kusvika kune zvakajairika uye pasi pe48C. Pane tachycardia, thready pulse. Kufema kwakadzika, kazhinji. Paunenge uchiongorora mucous membranes, yellowness yavo inoratidzwa, weti ine ropa. Kufa kwechirwere ichi kunosvika ku38%. Yakapinza fomu. Mune fomu yakaoma, nguva yechirwere ndeye 100-1 mazuva, dzimwe nguva mazuva 4-5, kufa kunogona kusvika 10-60%. Subacute fomu.

Iyo subacute fomu ye leptospirosis inoratidzwa nezviratidzo zvakafanana, asi inokura zvishoma nezvishoma uye isinganyanyi kutaurwa. Chirwere chinowanzotora 10-15, dzimwe nguva kusvika kumazuva makumi maviri kana pane zvirwere zvakasanganiswa kana zvechipiri. Kufa mune subacute fomu ndeye 20-30%.

Chisingaperi fomu

Mumhuka dzakawanda, iyo subacute fomu inova isingaperi. Mukufamba kwenguva ye leptospirosis, imbwa dzinoramba dzichida kudya, asi kupera simba, kutsvuka kudiki kwe mucous membrane, anemia, manyoka e periodic anoonekwa, yero-grey scabs pa mucous membrane yemuromo, kuvhura nemaronda. Tembiricha yemuviri inoramba iri yakajairika. Muchiitiko ichi, imbwa inoramba iri mutakuri we leptospirosis kwenguva yakareba.

Iyo atypical fomu yechirwere inopfuurira nyore. Pane zvishoma uye kwenguva pfupi kuwedzera kwekushisa kwemuviri (ne 0,5-1 ° C), kuora mwoyo kuduku, anemic inooneka mucous membranes, icterus shoma, nguva pfupi (kubva maawa gumi nemaviri kusvika ku12-3 mazuva) hemoglobinuria. Zviratidzo zvose zviri pamusoro zvinopera mushure memazuva mashomanana uye mhuka inopora.

Iyo icteric fomu inonyorwa zvakanyanya mumapupi uye imbwa diki dzine makore 1-2 makore. Chirwere chacho chinogona kuva chakanyanya, subacute uye chisingaperi. Inoperekedzwa ne hyperthermia kusvika 40-41,5 ° C, kurutsa neropa, acute gastroenteritis, kurwadziwa kwakanyanya mumatumbo uye chiropa. Chinhu chikuru chinosiyanisa chimiro che icteric chechirwere ndiyo nzvimbo chaiyo ye leptospira muchiropa, iyo inokonzera kukanganisa kwakanyanya kumasero echiropa uye kukanganisa kwakanyanya kwemabasa ayo anokosha.

Hemorrhagic (anicteric) fomu ye leptospirosis inowanzoitika mumbwa dzakura. Chirwere ichi chinowanzoitika mune yakaoma kana subacute fomu, inotanga kamwe kamwe uye inoratidzirwa nepfupi-pfupi hyperthermia inosvika 40-41,5 ° C, yakanyanya kuneta, anorexia, yakawedzera nyota, hyperemia ye mucous membranes yemuromo nemhino. cavities, conjunctiva. Gare gare (pazuva re2-3rd) tembiricha yemuviri inodonha kusvika 37-38 ° C, uye inonzi hemorrhagic syndrome inokura: pathological kubuda ropa kwemucous membranes uye mamwe membrane emuviri (mumuromo, nasal mhango, gastrointestinal turakiti).

Kune makati, mamiriro acho akaoma. Leptospirosis mumakati kazhinji haina zviratidzo. Izvi zvinonyanya kuitika panguva yekutanga kwechirwere uye 10-day incubation period. Mushure mekunge huwandu hwepathogen (leptospira) hunowedzera mumuviri, chirwere chinotanga kuzviratidza muchipatara. Iko hakuna zviratidzo zvakananga izvo zvakasiyana nemakati ane leptospirosis. Zvose izvi zvinoitika mune zvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda. Kuneta, kusava nehanya, kurara, fivha, kuramba chikafu nemvura, kupera simba, kuoma kwemaziso, icteric kuratidzwa pane mucous membranes, kusviba kweweti, kurutsa, manyoka, kuteverwa nekuzvimba, kugwinha, uye zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kunge zvakasiyana. kune anenge asingaoneki. Zvakakosha kuronda kutevedzana kwekuratidzwa kwechimwe chiratidzo, kubata chiremba wezvipfuyo, wozoita ongororo dzemu laboratory uye kusimbisa kuongororwa. Pane zviitiko zvekamwe kupora kwekunze kwekatsi, apo zviratidzo zvinopera kamwe kamwe, sekunge zvisipo, katsi inotaridzika ine hutano. Katsi inobva yaita leptospiro carrier.

Diagnostics

Leptospirosis inogona kuita sezvimwe zvirwere. Sezvo hutachiona huchinyanya hutachiona uye hune ngozi, kusanganisira kuvanhu, zvinofanirwa kuita diagnostics. Chaizvoizvo, marabhoritari ezvipfuyo anoshandira pamwe nevanhu microbiological marabhoritari. Chidzidzo ichi chinoda ropa kana weti yemhuka inofungidzirwa kuti inorwara. Iyo chaiyo yekuongororwa inotangwa zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yezvidzidzo zverabhoritari (bacteriological, serological, biochemical). Kusiyana kwakasiyana-siyana: Leptospirosis inofanira kusiyaniswa kubva kune dzimwe zvirwere. Mukati kubva kune acute nephritis uye hepatitis, zvirwere zvinotapukira. Mufananidzo wakafanana unogona kucherechedzwa, semuenzaniso, neinotapukira peritonitis yemakati. Muimbwa, leptospirosis inofanira kusiyaniswa kubva kune chepfu, utachiona hwehepatitis, denda, piroplasmosis, borreliosis, uye kutadza kwerenal. mabatiro Kurapa kwe leptospirosis hakusi kukurumidza. Hyperimmune sera yekurwisa leptospirosis inoshandiswa pachiyero che 0,5 ml pa 1 kg yehuremu hwemuviri, kunyanya mumatanho ekutanga echirwere. Serum inobayiwa pasi pecutaneously, kazhinji kamwechete pazuva kwemazuva 1-2. Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inoshandiswawo, kurapa kwechiratidzo (kushandiswa kwehepatoprotectors, antiemetic uye diuretic drugs, mvura-munyu uye zvinovaka muviri zvinogadziriswa, detoxification zvinodhaka, somuenzaniso, gemodez).

dziviriro

• Kudzivirirwa kwembwa dzinozvifambira nekatsi
• Kudzivisa kusangana nemhuka dzakarasika, zvinokwanisika leptospiro vatakuri
• Kudzora huwandu hwemakonzo munzvimbo inogara mhuka
• Kurapa kwenzvimbo dzinochengetwa mhuka nemishonga inouraya utachiona
• Kurapa kwemhuka kubva kune zvipembenene zvekunze
• Kushandiswa kwezvokudya zvakaoma zvakasimbiswa uye zvigadzirwa zvenyama, mvura yakachena
• Kurambidzwa / kurambidzwa kushambira uye kunwa kubva kumitumbi yemvura inofungidzirwa ine mvura isingayerere
• Vaccination panguva. Mhando dzose huru dzejekiseni dzinosanganisira chikamu chinopikisa leptospirosis. Zvakakosha kuyeuka kuti jekiseni haipe 100% kudzivirira kubva kune leptospirosis. Iko kuumbwa kwejekiseni kunosanganisira iyo yakajairika mhando yeleptospira, uye mune zvisikwa kune akawanda akawanda, uye nguva yekudzivirira mushure mekudzivirira isingasviki gore, saka gore negore vaccination miviri inokurudzirwa.
• Paunenge uchishanda nemhuka dzinorwara, munhu anofanira kudzivirirwa nemagirovhosi, magirovhosi, mbatya dzakavharwa, uye kuuraya utachiona hazvifaniri kuregeredzwa.