Top 10 masturgeons makuru munyika

Mhuri yesturgeon inoonekwa semhando yakakosha yehove. Maererano nemasayendisiti, chizvarwa chekutanga chakaonekwa mamiriyoni makumi masere emakore apfuura - munguva yeprehistoric period. Zvishoma nezvishoma, nekuda kwekuita kwevanhu, huwandu hwevanhu huri kuwedzera hudiki, saka hove zhinji dzemhuri ye "sturgeon" dzinodzivirirwa zvakasimba.

Sturgeons, iyo ine marudzi anopfuura makumi maviri, inosarudza munyu, mvura yegungwa kwehupenyu hwose, asi inofarira kubereka mumvura yakachena. Vanewo chimiro chechimiro - muviri wehove dzose dzeboka re "sturgeon" wakareba, uye huremu hweavhareji yevagari vegungwa rakadzika hunosvika 20 kg!

Isu tinounza kune iwe kutarisisa gumi makuru makuru e sturgeon munyika.

10 sterlet

Huremu hwevakuru: 20 makirogiramu.

Kuvapo kwemupendero pane antennae ndiko kunosiyanisa sterlet kubva kuhama dzavo. Pamusoro pazvo, anokurumidza kuyaruka kupfuura vamwe. Inoda mvura yakachena kwehupenyu hwose, inoda kudya leeches, mhute, pamwe chete neinvertebrates, zvishoma kazhinji - hove fry.

Sezvo mutemo, saizi yemunhu mukuru haipfuuri 25 kg. Inogara muBaltic, Black, Caspian uye Azov makungwa.

Iyo sterlet inosiyana nemuvara zvichienderana nenzvimbo yayo, asi ruvara rwayo rukuru runogona kuramba ruchisiyaniswa - igrey musana uye dumbu rakatsvuka. Sterlet yakagomara-mhino uye yakapinza-mhino. Iyo ine hunhu hwakareba antennae, nekuwedzera, hove ine inonakidza mhino yakareba, sezvaungaona mumufananidzo.

9. white sturgeon

Huremu hwevakuru: 20 makirogiramu.

Chena (Aka California) sturgeon ine chimiro chakatetepa uye chakareba. Haana zvikero, sehove dzose dze "sturgeon". Mumamiriro ezvinhu eamateur, vanhu vanosvika makumi maviri makirogiramu vanotungamira, asi mikuru mikuru inowanikwawo.

Iyo California sturgeon inofarira hova dzinoyerera zvishoma nezvishoma. White sturgeon ihove yepasi, inodyisa uye inogara pakadzika hukuru. Kubata hove kusingadzoreki kwakakonzera kuti nhamba yesturgeon mumabheseni epakati yakaderera ne70%. Hurumende dzeUS neCanada dziri kutora matanho ekudzoreredza huwandu hwemasturgeon.

8. Russian sturgeon

Huremu hwevakuru: 25 makirogiramu.

Zvinosuruvarisa, Russian sturgeon pedyo nokutsakatika. Inogara munzizi huru, semuenzaniso, Kuban neVolga (inobereka ipapo), uye mumakungwa: Caspian, Black uye Azov.

Makonye uye crustaceans chikafu cheRussia sturgeon, uye haamborambi kudya hove. Dumbu rake rakajeka, uye mativi imvi, musana mumuviri wose ndiwo rima guru.

Munzvimbo yakasikwa, mumiriri we "sturgeon" anogona kupindirana ne sterlet kana stellate sturgeon. Zviri nyore kunzwisisa kuti ndezvipi zvipenyu zvehove iyi, antennae yesturgeon haina kukura pedyo nemuromo, asi pedyo nemhino, uyezve, zvinoitika kuti uremu hwemunhu mukuru hunosvika 120 kg.

Chokwadi chinofadza: Kamwe sturgeon huru yakabatwa muVolga - yakasvika kureba 7 m 80 cm, uye yakayera anenge 1440 kg!

7. Adriatic sturgeon

Huremu hwevakuru: 25 makirogiramu.

Adriatic sturgeon ndeyemhando isingawanzo kudzidziswa uye isingawanzo kudzidziswa. Parizvino, hazviwanzo kuwanikwa muGungwa reAdriatic, mhuka yacho ingangove yakatsakatika, saka yakanyorwa paIUCN Red List.

Masangano ehurumende ari kuedza kudzoreredza vanhu. Adriatic sturgeon yakatanga kutsanangurwa muna 1836 neFrench biologist Charles Lucien Bonaparte (1803-1857).

Mugungwa, inogara pakadzika kusvika ku40 m, inonamatira kune pre-estuary zvikamu zve rivulets. Iyo yakareba kureba yakareba yeAdriatic sturgeon yaiva 200 cm, uye uremu hwaiva 25 kg. Kudya kwehove kunosanganisira hove duku uye invertebrates.

6. green sturgeon

Huremu hwevakuru: 25 makirogiramu.

green sturgeon (zvikasadaro Pacific) - mumwe wevamiriri vehove huru ye "sturgeon" muNorth America. Pakazosvika makore gumi nemasere, sturgeon yatove inorema 18 kg. Inoratidzwa nekukura nokukurumidza, pamwe chete nehupenyu hwemakore makumi matanhatu.

Iyi mhuka haizivikanwi zvishoma, kuwedzera, kusvika munguva pfupi yapfuura, masayendisiti akafunga kuti yakanyangarika. Izvo chaizvo zvakaparadzwa nebudiriro, asi, zvakakodzera kufara, sturgeon mupenyu uye anoramba achirwa!

MuRussia, green sturgeon inowanikwa muSakhalin, uyewo muPrimorye. Kazhinji inowanikwa muRwizi rweDatta. Mhuno yake yakanongedza uye yakarebesa. Kumashure kazhinji kacho muorivhi muvara, asi kune vanhu uye rima rakasvibira ruvara.

5. Siberian sturgeon

Huremu hwevakuru: 34 makirogiramu.

Siberian sturgeon - hove yenguva refu, paavhareji inorarama makore makumi mashanu. Anogara munzizi duku uye huru dzeSiberia. Inokura zvishoma nezvishoma, zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera uremu kusvika 50-25 kg.

Iyo Siberian sturgeon, sevamwe vamiririri vemhuri yesturgeon, ine hunhu hwe antennae pachirebvu chayo. Muromo wehove unodzoreka, hapana mazino. Iyo inosiyaniswa kubva kune mamwe marudzi emhuri neinonongedza musoro uye gill rakers, yakafanana nefeni muchimiro.

Inodya zvipembenene, zvipembenene, uye hainawo kukanganisa kudya mollusks nehove. Inotungamira mararamiro ehunhu. Kana iyo Siberian sturgeon inoyambuka ne sterlet, ipapo hybrid ichaberekwa - moto wemoto.

4. Amur sturgeon

Huremu hwevakuru: 37 makirogiramu.

Amur sturgeon (Aka shrenka) ihama yemhuka inonzi sturgeon yekuSiberia. Akanga asina rombo rakanaka nenzira yakafanana nedzimwe mhando dze "sturgeon" - ari pedyo nekuparara uye, zvechokwadi, yakanyorwa muRed Book.

Iyo inosiyana kubva kune mamwe marudzi mune gill membranes, muromo mudiki, uye zvakare inoshaya mahwendefa pakati pebugs. Anogara chete muAmur munharaunda kubva pamuromo kusvika kuArgun. Anotanga kubereka pazera remakore 14.

Shrenka inodya crustaceans, mayflies, fry uye maruva. Izvo zvinoitika kuti sturgeon inosvika 80 kg. Inenge hafu yehurefu hwemuviri yakachengeterwa mhuno. Amur sturgeon inofarira mvura inoyerera uye inokurumidza.

3. Stellate sturgeon

Huremu hwevakuru: 90 makirogiramu.

Stellate sturgeon - hama yepedyo yemunzwa uye kwete hove shoma inofadza - sterlet. Ane muviri wakareba. Iyo yakasiyana kubva kune vamwe vamiririri ve "sturgeon" mhuri nemhino yayo - musoro westurgeon wakatsetseka kusvika kumucheto. Mhuno i70% yehurefu hwemusoro. Kumashure kune rima rakasvibira, rinenge dema, ukuwo mativi akareruka zvakanyanya.

Huremu hwevanhu vakuru dzimwe nguva hunosvika 90 kg (huremu hukuru hweDanube). Stellate sturgeon inonyanya kuwanikwa muBlack, Azov, uye Caspian Seas. Anorarama kweanenge makore makumi matatu. Kudya kwe stellate sturgeon kunosanganisira makonye, ​​fry uye akasiyana crustaceans.

2. Chinese sturgeon

Huremu hwevakuru: 200 makirogiramu.

Maererano nemasayendisiti, Chinese sturgeon ndeye "yekare" mhando, uye yaivapo panyika makore anenge mamiriyoni 140 apfuura. Inogara mumhenderekedzo yegungwa yeChina uye inodzivirirwa nehurumende nekuda kwekutyisidzira kwekuparara (nokuda kwekubatwa kweChinese sturgeon, chirango chakakomba chinoiswa - kusungwa kwemakore makumi maviri).

Yasvika pakuyaruka, sturgeon inotamira kunzizi. Kazhinji kazhinji inowanikwa munzizi dzeZhujiang neYangtze. Chinese sturgeon ndeimwe yemhando huru dzehove dzemvura yakachena - uremu hwavo hunogona kusvika 200, 500 kg.

1. Atlantic sturgeon

Huremu hwevakuru: 250 makirogiramu.

MuRussia Atlantic sturgeon inogona kuwanikwa mumvura yenharaunda yeKaliningrad. Munyika dzakawanda, iri pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwakasimba kwehurumende, nokuti. mumiririri mukuru wemhuri yesturgeon ari pedyo nekuparara.

Iyo Atlantic sturgeon inogona kuzivikanwa nekuonekwa kwayo - maziso ayo ari muchikamu chepamusoro chemusoro, iwo akakura muhukuru, uye musoro wakareba.

Chimiro chemuviri chakafanana neshaki. Hove dzinopedza nguva yakawanda youpenyu hwadzo mumvura dzomumhenderekedzo yegungwa. Nguva yehupenyu yesturgeon inogona kusvika makore zana.