Grey hamster (mufananidzo)

Iyo grey hamster (Cricetulus migratorius) ndeye genus yegrey hamster yemhuri ye hamster, boka remakonzo.

Kuonekwa

Kureba kwemuviri wemhuka kunobva pa9 kusvika ku13 cm. Muswe unenge wakashama, mupfupi, kusvika 4 cm. Tsanangudzo dzemuvara we grey hamster dzinosiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekugara, izvi zvinokonzerwa nebasa rayo recamouflage. Fluffy fur inowanikwa kubva pachiedza kusvika kune rima grey. Pasi pemuviri nguva dzose chiedza, fawn. Nzeve idiki, dzakatenderedzwa, hapana muganhu wakajeka. Paws akafukidzwa nevhudzi kune akadudzwa calluses. Maziso matema nehomwe dzematama dzembeva dzakati kurei.

Habitat

Mhuka idzi dzinowanzogara munzvimbo dzakadzika uye dzemakomo, semi-renje, asi dzimwe nguva inosarudza munda-mhando agrolandscape senzvimbo yekugara. Panharaunda yeRussia, nzvimbo yekugara inosanganisira kumaodzanyemba kweEurope chikamu chenyika, kumaodzanyemba kweWestern Siberia uye Caucasus.

upenyu

Iyo grey hamster ndeyeusiku, dzimwe nguva inoshanda mukati mezuva. Mukutsvaga zvokudya, anofanira kutama zvikuru, asi haawanzobva pamba nokuda kwenzendo refu. Kazhinji inenge 200-300 mamita. Zvisinei, zvakaonekwa kuti kunyange kuva kure nemamita 700 kubva pakugara, grey hamster inogona kuwana nyore kumba.

Iyo rodent haiwanzo kuchera gomba, ichifarira kugara munzvimbo dzakasiiwa dzemakonzo, mbeva, makonzo kana pasi squirrels. Dzimwe nguva inowanikwa mudzimba dzechisikigo (makomba mumatombo kana kuisa matombo). Kana zvisina kudaro, anoita gomba pachake, achidzika pasi pakona ye 30-40 cm. Mukuwedzera kune imwe nzvimbo yekugara mugomba, pane nguva dzose zvakare chikafu chekuchengetedza - dura.

Mumwaka unotonhora, mhuka inogona kuwira muhubernation isina kudzika (izvi zvinowanzoitika kune hamster inogara kuchamhembe kana munzvimbo dzine makomo), asi inowanzoonekwa pamusoro pepamusoro uye pakupisa kwakadzika.

Grey hamster inobereka kubva munaEpril kusvika munaSeptember, panguva ino basa rezuva nezuva remhuka rinowedzera. Kubata kunotora kubva pamazuva gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri, uye mumwaka mukadzi anogona kuunza 15 marita e20-3 cubs imwe neimwe. Kukura kwechidiki kunogadziriswa pazera remasvondo mana.

Kuwanda kunokonzerwa nehuwandu hwekunaya kwemvura munguva yekuberekesa: inowedzera mumakore akaoma, asi inoramba iine zvishoma. Iyo grey hamster inofarira kuva yoga; mapoka makuru evanhu vemarudzi aya haawanzoitiki. Vavengi vezvakasikwa shiri dzinodya (harrier, owl) uye mhuka dzinoyamwisa (fox, ferret, ermine). Kushandiswa kwemishonga yezvipembenene uye inorganic fertilizer kunogonawo kukanganisa kuwanda.

Mhuka yacho haina kuzvininipisa mune zvinovaka muviri - omnivorous. Kufarirwa kunopiwa kudya kwezviyo, mbeu dzisina kukura uye inflorescences yezviyo.

Dzimwe nguva mhuka iyi inogona kudya zvinyoro zvezvirimwa zvakasvibirira, asi haidyi chikafu chakakasharara seuswa hwemusango, kusiyana nehuswa hwakabatana. Nekuda grey hamster inodya zvipembenene, makonye, ​​hozhwa, makonye, ​​masvosve, zvipembenene.

Matanho ekudzivirira marudzi

Nzvimbo yekugara yemhuka yakakura kwazvo, asi huwandu hwemhuka hauna kuwanda. Kana hafu yezana remakore rapfuura mhuka yacho yainyanya kuwanda mu steppe, ikozvino haina kunyanya kuwanda. Hapana nhamba chaidzo.

Munzvimbo dzakawanda dzeRussia, grey hamster yakanyorwa muRed Book redunhu. Nharaunda dzakapa mhando yemhando III (zvisingawanzo, kwete zvakawanda, zvipenyu zvisina kunyatsodzidza): Lipetsk, Samara, Tula, Ryazan, Chelyabinsk matunhu.

Mamiriro ekusungwa

Mukutapwa, rudzi urwu haruna kuzvikudza, mamiriro ehusungwa haatombosiyana kubva kune kurudziro yegoridhe hamster. Pasinei nokuti muzvisikwa grey hamster inodya mbeu dzakasiyana-siyana uye chikafu chemhuka, pamba zviri nani kupa sarudzo kune yakagadzirira-yakagadzirwa musanganiswa wekudya kwemakonzo. Izvi zvichapa kudya kwakakwana. Mune cage yakakura, vhiri rinomhanya, ndiro yekunwira uye imba duku inofanira kuiswa. Zvishoma nezvishoma, mhuka inojaira muridzi wayo, inotanga kuziva chiso nemaoko ake. Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, grey hamster inotokwanisa kuyeuka zita rayo uye kuuya kudana. Iyi mhuka ine maziso makuru inoyevedza inogona kuita chipfuyo chemhuri kana zvidikanwi zvayo zvine mwero zvikazadzikiswa netarisiro shoma uye nehanya.